Learn English through classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Memories and Portraits
Memories and Portraits

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of Memories and Portraits is here in full — 67 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Memories and Portraits
Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
I have named, among many rivers that make music in my memory, that dirty Water of Leith.
Often and often I desire to look upon it again; and the choice of a point of view is easy to me.
It should be at a certain water-door, embowered in shrubbery.
The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.
Or so it was when I was young; for change, and the masons, and the pruning-knife, have been busy; and if I could hope to repeat a cherished experience, it must be on many and impossible conditions.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Memories and Portraits

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of Memories and Portraits is here in full — 67 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
I have named, among many rivers that make music in my memory, that dirty Water of Leith.
Line 2
Often and often I desire to look upon it again; and the choice of a point of view is easy to me.
/ˈɔːfən ənd ˈɔːfən aɪ dɪˈzaɪər tuː lʊk əˈpɑːn ɪt əˈɡen ənd ðə tʃɔɪs ʌv ə pɔɪnt ʌv vjuː ɪz ˈiːzi tuː miː/
Line 3
It should be at a certain water-door, embowered in shrubbery.
Line 4
The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.
Line 5
Or so it was when I was young; for change, and the masons, and the pruning-knife, have been busy; and if I could hope to repeat a cherished experience, it must be on many and impossible conditions.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

borrowings noun US /ˈbɑːroʊɪŋz/

plural of “borrowing” — the appropriation (of ideas or words etc) from another source

From this reading “The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.”

dammed verb US /dæmd/

inflected form of “dam” — obstruct with, or as if with, a dam

From this reading “The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.”

eddies noun US /ˈediz/

plural of “eddy” — founder of Christian Science in 1866 (1821-1910)

From this reading “The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.”

froth noun US /frɔːθ/

a mass of small bubbles formed in or on a liquid

From this reading “The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.”

glint verb US /ɡlɪnt/

be shiny, as if wet

From this reading “The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.”

masons noun US /ˈmeɪsənz/

plural of “mason” — American Revolutionary leader from Virginia whose objections led to the drafting of the Bill of Rights (1725-1792)

From this reading “Or so it was when I was young; for change, and the masons, and the pruning-knife, have been busy; and if I could hope to repeat a cherished experience, it must be on many and impossible conditions.”

recruited verb US /rɪˈkruːtɪd/

past form of “recruit” — register formally as a participant or member

From this reading “The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.”

steering noun US /ˈstɪrɪŋ/

the act of guiding or showing the way

From this reading “The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.”

All words in this reading · 107

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Often and often I desire to look upon it again; and the choice of a point of view is easy to me.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading Often and often I desire to look upon it again; and the choice of a point of view is easy to me.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading I have named, among many rivers that make music in my memory, that dirty Water of Leith.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Often and often I desire to look upon it again; and the choice of a point of view is easy to me.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It should be at a certain water-door, embowered in shrubbery.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It should be at a certain water-door, embowered in shrubbery.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

belowprepositionUS /bɪˈloʊ/

at or to a lower level than something

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

borrowingsnounUS /ˈbɑːroʊɪŋz/

plural of “borrowing” — the appropriation (of ideas or words etc) from another source

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

brownnounUS /braʊn/

an orange of low brightness and saturation

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

busyadjectiveUS /ˈbɪzi/

actively or fully engaged or occupied

From this reading Or so it was when I was young; for change, and the masons, and the pruning-knife, have been busy; and if I could hope to repeat a cherished experience, it must be on many and impossible conditions.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading It should be at a certain water-door, embowered in shrubbery.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading Or so it was when I was young; for change, and the masons, and the pruning-knife, have been busy; and if I could hope to repeat a cherished experience, it must be on many and impossible conditions.

cherishedadjectiveUS /ˈtʃerɪʃt/

characterized by feeling or showing fond affection for

From this reading Or so it was when I was young; for change, and the masons, and the pruning-knife, have been busy; and if I could hope to repeat a cherished experience, it must be on many and impossible conditions.

choicenounUS /tʃɔɪs/

the person or thing chosen or selected

From this reading Often and often I desire to look upon it again; and the choice of a point of view is easy to me.

conditionsnounUS /kənˈdɪʃənz/

the prevailing context that influences the performance or the outcome of a process

From this reading Or so it was when I was young; for change, and the masons, and the pruning-knife, have been busy; and if I could hope to repeat a cherished experience, it must be on many and impossible conditions.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Or so it was when I was young; for change, and the masons, and the pruning-knife, have been busy; and if I could hope to repeat a cherished experience, it must be on many and impossible conditions.

curded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

dammedverbUS /dæmd/

inflected form of “dam” — obstruct with, or as if with, a dam

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

darklingadjective

uncannily or threateningly dark or obscure

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

desirenounUS /dɪˈzaɪər/

the feeling that accompanies an unsatisfied state

From this reading Often and often I desire to look upon it again; and the choice of a point of view is easy to me.

dirtyadjectiveUS /ˈdɜːrti/

soiled or likely to soil with dirt or grime

From this reading I have named, among many rivers that make music in my memory, that dirty Water of Leith.

drowsyadjectiveUS /ˈdraʊzi/

half asleep

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

easyadjectiveUS /ˈiːzi/

posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading Often and often I desire to look upon it again; and the choice of a point of view is easy to me.

eddiesnounUS /ˈediz/

plural of “eddy” — founder of Christian Science in 1866 (1821-1910)

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

embowered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It should be at a certain water-door, embowered in shrubbery.

experienceverbUS /ɪkˈspɪriəns/

undergo or live through a difficult experience

From this reading Or so it was when I was young; for change, and the masons, and the pruning-knife, have been busy; and if I could hope to repeat a cherished experience, it must be on many and impossible conditions.

fillverbUS /fɪl/

make full, also in a metaphorical sense

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

flour-mill

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

fro

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

frothnounUS /frɔːθ/

a mass of small bubbles formed in or on a liquid

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

glintverbUS /ɡlɪnt/

be shiny, as if wet

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

goldnounUS /ɡoʊld/

coins made of gold

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I have named, among many rivers that make music in my memory, that dirty Water of Leith.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading Or so it was when I was young; for change, and the masons, and the pruning-knife, have been busy; and if I could hope to repeat a cherished experience, it must be on many and impossible conditions.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I have named, among many rivers that make music in my memory, that dirty Water of Leith.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Or so it was when I was young; for change, and the masons, and the pruning-knife, have been busy; and if I could hope to repeat a cherished experience, it must be on many and impossible conditions.

impossibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɑːsəbəl/

not capable of occurring or being accomplished or dealt with

From this reading Or so it was when I was young; for change, and the masons, and the pruning-knife, have been busy; and if I could hope to repeat a cherished experience, it must be on many and impossible conditions.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I have named, among many rivers that make music in my memory, that dirty Water of Leith.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Often and often I desire to look upon it again; and the choice of a point of view is easy to me.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Often and often I desire to look upon it again; and the choice of a point of view is easy to me.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

Leith

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have named, among many rivers that make music in my memory, that dirty Water of Leith.

liesnounUS /laɪz/

plural of “lie” — a statement that deviates from or perverts the truth

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading Often and often I desire to look upon it again; and the choice of a point of view is easy to me.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading I have named, among many rivers that make music in my memory, that dirty Water of Leith.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading I have named, among many rivers that make music in my memory, that dirty Water of Leith.

masonsnounUS /ˈmeɪsənz/

plural of “mason” — American Revolutionary leader from Virginia whose objections led to the drafting of the Bill of Rights (1725-1792)

From this reading Or so it was when I was young; for change, and the masons, and the pruning-knife, have been busy; and if I could hope to repeat a cherished experience, it must be on many and impossible conditions.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Often and often I desire to look upon it again; and the choice of a point of view is easy to me.

memorynounUS /ˈmem.ər.i/

The faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information and knowledge.

From this reading I have named, among many rivers that make music in my memory, that dirty Water of Leith.

merrilyadverbUS /ˈmerəli/

in a joyous manner

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

millsnounUS /mɪlz/

United States architect who was the presidentially appointed architect of Washington D.C. (1781-1855)

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

musicnounUS /ˈmjuːzɪk/

an artistic form of auditory communication incorporating instrumental or vocal tones in a structured and continuous manner

From this reading I have named, among many rivers that make music in my memory, that dirty Water of Leith.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Or so it was when I was young; for change, and the masons, and the pruning-knife, have been busy; and if I could hope to repeat a cherished experience, it must be on many and impossible conditions.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading I have named, among many rivers that make music in my memory, that dirty Water of Leith.

namedverbUS /neɪmd/

past form of “name” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading I have named, among many rivers that make music in my memory, that dirty Water of Leith.

newlyadverbUS /ˈnuːli/

very recently

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

obscuritynounUS /əbsˈkjʊrəti/

the quality of being unclear or abstruse and hard to understand

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading I have named, among many rivers that make music in my memory, that dirty Water of Leith.

OftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading Often and often I desire to look upon it again; and the choice of a point of view is easy to me.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Or so it was when I was young; for change, and the masons, and the pruning-knife, have been busy; and if I could hope to repeat a cherished experience, it must be on many and impossible conditions.

OrconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Or so it was when I was young; for change, and the masons, and the pruning-knife, have been busy; and if I could hope to repeat a cherished experience, it must be on many and impossible conditions.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading Often and often I desire to look upon it again; and the choice of a point of view is easy to me.

poolnounUS /puːl/

an excavation that is (usually) filled with water

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

pruning-knife

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Or so it was when I was young; for change, and the masons, and the pruning-knife, have been busy; and if I could hope to repeat a cherished experience, it must be on many and impossible conditions.

recruitedverbUS /rɪˈkruːtɪd/

past form of “recruit” — register formally as a participant or member

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

repeatverbUS /rɪˈpiːt/

to say, state, or perform again

From this reading Or so it was when I was young; for change, and the masons, and the pruning-knife, have been busy; and if I could hope to repeat a cherished experience, it must be on many and impossible conditions.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

riversnounUS /ˈrɪvərz/

plural of “river” — a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading I have named, among many rivers that make music in my memory, that dirty Water of Leith.

sandnounUS /sænd/

a loose material consisting of grains of rock or coral

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

servicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

shakeverbUS /ʃeɪk/

move or cause to move back and forth

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading It should be at a certain water-door, embowered in shrubbery.

shrubberynounUS /ˈʃrʌbəri/

an area where a number of shrubs are planted

From this reading It should be at a certain water-door, embowered in shrubbery.

slopesnounUS /sloʊps/

plural of “slope” — an elevated geological formation

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

snuff-mill

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

solemnlyadverbUS /ˈsɔːləmli/

in a grave and sedate manner

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

steeringnounUS /ˈstɪrɪŋ/

the act of guiding or showing the way

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

surfacenounUS /ˈsɜːrfəs/

the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer constituting or resembling such a boundary

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I have named, among many rivers that make music in my memory, that dirty Water of Leith.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Often and often I desire to look upon it again; and the choice of a point of view is easy to me.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Often and often I desire to look upon it again; and the choice of a point of view is easy to me.

tumblingnounUS /ˈtʌmbəlɪŋ/

the gymnastic moves of an acrobat

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Often and often I desire to look upon it again; and the choice of a point of view is easy to me.

viewnounUS /vjuː/

a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading Often and often I desire to look upon it again; and the choice of a point of view is easy to me.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Or so it was when I was young; for change, and the masons, and the pruning-knife, have been busy; and if I could hope to repeat a cherished experience, it must be on many and impossible conditions.

WaternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading I have named, among many rivers that make music in my memory, that dirty Water of Leith.

water-door

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It should be at a certain water-door, embowered in shrubbery.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Or so it was when I was young; for change, and the masons, and the pruning-knife, have been busy; and if I could hope to repeat a cherished experience, it must be on many and impossible conditions.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The river is there dammed back for the service of the flour-mill just below, so that it lies deep and darkling, and the sand slopes into brown obscurity with a glint of gold; and it has but newly been recruited by the borrowings of the snuff-mill just above, and these, tumbling merrily in, shake the pool to its black heart, fill it with drowsy eddies, and set the curded froth of many other mills solemnly steering to and fro upon the surface.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading Or so it was when I was young; for change, and the masons, and the pruning-knife, have been busy; and if I could hope to repeat a cherished experience, it must be on many and impossible conditions.

Chapter 7 of Memories and Portraits by Robert Louis Stevenson holds 67 sentences, grouped into 14 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Memories and Portraits contain?

Chapter 7 holds 67 sentences of Memories and Portraits, unabridged, divided into 14 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Memories and Portraits by Robert Louis Stevenson exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 67 sentences, grouped into 14 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of Memories and Portraits?

Work through the 14 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 14 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Memories and Portraits

Common questions about reading Memories and Portraits by Robert Louis Stevenson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Memories and Portraits?

Yes. All 1671 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #381 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Memories and Portraits is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #381, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Memories and Portraits take to read?

About 139 minutes of reading across 335 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Memories and Portraits section by section

How to work through Memories and Portraits section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 16 chapters of Memories and Portraits to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Memories and Portraits

Words and structures a reader meets early in Memories and Portraits, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

House
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Memories and Portraits; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Biggin
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Memories and Portraits; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Recent
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Memories and Portraits; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Books
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Memories and Portraits; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.