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Memories and Portraits
Memories and Portraits

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of Memories and Portraits is here in full — 140 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/28 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The civilisation, the manners, and the morals of dog-kind are to a great extent subordinated to those of his ancestral master, man.
This animal, in many ways so superior, has accepted a position of inferiority, shares the domestic life, and humours the caprices of the tyrant.
But the potentate, like the British in India, pays small regard to the character of his willing client, judges him with listless glances, and condemns him in a byword.
Listless have been the looks of his admirers, who have exhausted idle terms of praise, and buried the poor soul below exaggerations.
And yet more idle and, if possible, more unintelligent has been the attitude of his express detractors; those who are very fond of dogs but in their proper place”; who say poo fellow, poo fellow,” and are themselves far poorer; who whet the knife of the vivisectionist or heat his oven; who are not ashamed to admire the creature’s instinct”; and flying far beyond folly, have dared to resuscitate the theory of animal machines.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Memories and Portraits

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of Memories and Portraits is here in full — 140 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/28 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The civilisation, the manners, and the morals of dog-kind are to a great extent subordinated to those of his ancestral master, man.
Line 2
This animal, in many ways so superior, has accepted a position of inferiority, shares the domestic life, and humours the caprices of the tyrant.
Line 3
But the potentate, like the British in India, pays small regard to the character of his willing client, judges him with listless glances, and condemns him in a byword.
/bʌt ðə ˈpoʊtənteɪt laɪk ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ɪn ˈɪndiə peɪz smɔːl rɪˈɡɑːrd tuː ðə ˈkerɪktər ʌv hɪz ˈwɪlɪŋ ˈklaɪənt ˈdʒʌdʒɪz hɪm wɪð ˈlɪstləs ˈɡlænsɪz ənd kənˈdemz hɪm ɪn ə ˈbaɪwɜːrd/
Line 4
Listless have been the looks of his admirers, who have exhausted idle terms of praise, and buried the poor soul below exaggerations.
/ˈlɪstləs hæv bɪn ðə lʊks ʌv hɪz ədˈmaɪrərz huː hæv ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd ˈaɪdəl tɜːrmz ʌv preɪz ənd ˈberid ðə puːr soʊl bɪˈloʊ ɪɡˌzædʒərˈeɪʃənz/
Line 5
And yet more idle and, if possible, more unintelligent has been the attitude of his express detractors; those who are very fond of dogsbut in their proper place”; who saypoofellow, poofellow,” and are themselves far poorer; who whet the knife of the vivisectionist or heat his oven; who are not ashamed to admirethe creature’s instinct”; and flying far beyond folly, have dared to resuscitate the theory of animal machines.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

byword noun US /ˈbaɪwɜːrd/

a condensed but memorable saying embodying some important fact of experience that is taken as true by many people

From this reading “But the potentate, like the British in India, pays small regard to the character of his willing client, judges him with listless glances, and condemns him in a byword.”

condemns verb US /kənˈdemz/

third-person singular of “condemn” — express strong disapproval of

From this reading “But the potentate, like the British in India, pays small regard to the character of his willing client, judges him with listless glances, and condemns him in a byword.”

detractors noun US /dɪˈtræktərz/

plural of “detractor” — one who disparages or belittles the worth of something

From this reading “And yet more idle and, if possible, more unintelligent has been the attitude of his express detractors; those who are very fond of dogs “but in their proper place”; who say “poo’ fellow, poo’ fellow,” and are themselves far poorer; who whet the knife of the vivisectionist or heat his oven; who are not ashamed to admire “the creature’s instinct”; and flying far beyond folly, have dared to resuscitate the theory of animal machines.”

exaggerations noun US /ɪɡˌzædʒərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “exaggeration” — extravagant exaggeration

From this reading “Listless have been the looks of his admirers, who have exhausted idle terms of praise, and buried the poor soul below exaggerations.”

potentate noun US /ˈpoʊtənteɪt/

a ruler who is unconstrained by law

From this reading “But the potentate, like the British in India, pays small regard to the character of his willing client, judges him with listless glances, and condemns him in a byword.”

resuscitate verb US /rɪˈsʌsɪteɪt/

cause to regain consciousness

From this reading “And yet more idle and, if possible, more unintelligent has been the attitude of his express detractors; those who are very fond of dogs “but in their proper place”; who say “poo’ fellow, poo’ fellow,” and are themselves far poorer; who whet the knife of the vivisectionist or heat his oven; who are not ashamed to admire “the creature’s instinct”; and flying far beyond folly, have dared to resuscitate the theory of animal machines.”

subordinated verb US /səˈbɔːrdəneɪtɪd/

past form of “subordinate” — rank or order as less important or consider of less value

From this reading “The civilisation, the manners, and the morals of dog-kind are to a great extent subordinated to those of his ancestral master, man.”

whet verb US /wet/

make keen or more acute

From this reading “And yet more idle and, if possible, more unintelligent has been the attitude of his express detractors; those who are very fond of dogs “but in their proper place”; who say “poo’ fellow, poo’ fellow,” and are themselves far poorer; who whet the knife of the vivisectionist or heat his oven; who are not ashamed to admire “the creature’s instinct”; and flying far beyond folly, have dared to resuscitate the theory of animal machines.”

All words in this reading · 105

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The civilisation, the manners, and the morals of dog-kind are to a great extent subordinated to those of his ancestral master, man.

acceptedadjectiveUS /ækˈseptɪd/

generally approved or compelling recognition

From this reading This animal, in many ways so superior, has accepted a position of inferiority, shares the domestic life, and humours the caprices of the tyrant.

admireverbUS /ædˈmaɪr/

feel admiration for

From this reading And yet more idle and, if possible, more unintelligent has been the attitude of his express detractors; those who are very fond of dogs “but in their proper place”; who say “poo’ fellow, poo’ fellow,” and are themselves far poorer; who whet the knife of the vivisectionist or heat his oven; who are not ashamed to admire “the creature’s instinct”; and flying far beyond folly, have dared to resuscitate the theory of animal machines.

admirersnounUS /ədˈmaɪrərz/

plural of “admirer” — a person who backs a politician or a team etc.

From this reading Listless have been the looks of his admirers, who have exhausted idle terms of praise, and buried the poor soul below exaggerations.

ancestraladjectiveUS /ænˈsestrəl/

inherited or inheritable by established rules (usually legal rules) of descent

From this reading The civilisation, the manners, and the morals of dog-kind are to a great extent subordinated to those of his ancestral master, man.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The civilisation, the manners, and the morals of dog-kind are to a great extent subordinated to those of his ancestral master, man.

animalnounUS /ˈænəməl/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading This animal, in many ways so superior, has accepted a position of inferiority, shares the domestic life, and humours the caprices of the tyrant.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The civilisation, the manners, and the morals of dog-kind are to a great extent subordinated to those of his ancestral master, man.

ashamedadjectiveUS /əˈʃeɪmd/

feeling shame or guilt or embarrassment or remorse

From this reading And yet more idle and, if possible, more unintelligent has been the attitude of his express detractors; those who are very fond of dogs “but in their proper place”; who say “poo’ fellow, poo’ fellow,” and are themselves far poorer; who whet the knife of the vivisectionist or heat his oven; who are not ashamed to admire “the creature’s instinct”; and flying far beyond folly, have dared to resuscitate the theory of animal machines.

attitudenounUS /ˈætətuːd/

a complex mental state involving beliefs and feelings and values and dispositions to act in certain ways

From this reading And yet more idle and, if possible, more unintelligent has been the attitude of his express detractors; those who are very fond of dogs “but in their proper place”; who say “poo’ fellow, poo’ fellow,” and are themselves far poorer; who whet the knife of the vivisectionist or heat his oven; who are not ashamed to admire “the creature’s instinct”; and flying far beyond folly, have dared to resuscitate the theory of animal machines.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Listless have been the looks of his admirers, who have exhausted idle terms of praise, and buried the poor soul below exaggerations.

belowprepositionUS /bɪˈloʊ/

at or to a lower level than something

From this reading Listless have been the looks of his admirers, who have exhausted idle terms of praise, and buried the poor soul below exaggerations.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading And yet more idle and, if possible, more unintelligent has been the attitude of his express detractors; those who are very fond of dogs “but in their proper place”; who say “poo’ fellow, poo’ fellow,” and are themselves far poorer; who whet the knife of the vivisectionist or heat his oven; who are not ashamed to admire “the creature’s instinct”; and flying far beyond folly, have dared to resuscitate the theory of animal machines.

BritishnounUS /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/

the people of Great Britain

From this reading But the potentate, like the British in India, pays small regard to the character of his willing client, judges him with listless glances, and condemns him in a byword.

buriedadjectiveUS /ˈberid/

placed in a grave

From this reading Listless have been the looks of his admirers, who have exhausted idle terms of praise, and buried the poor soul below exaggerations.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But the potentate, like the British in India, pays small regard to the character of his willing client, judges him with listless glances, and condemns him in a byword.

bywordnounUS /ˈbaɪwɜːrd/

a condensed but memorable saying embodying some important fact of experience that is taken as true by many people

From this reading But the potentate, like the British in India, pays small regard to the character of his willing client, judges him with listless glances, and condemns him in a byword.

capricesnounUS /kəˈpriːsəz/

plural of “caprice” — a sudden desire

From this reading This animal, in many ways so superior, has accepted a position of inferiority, shares the domestic life, and humours the caprices of the tyrant.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading But the potentate, like the British in India, pays small regard to the character of his willing client, judges him with listless glances, and condemns him in a byword.

civilisationnoun

the social process whereby societies achieve an advanced stage of development and organization

From this reading The civilisation, the manners, and the morals of dog-kind are to a great extent subordinated to those of his ancestral master, man.

clientnounUS /ˈklaɪənt/

a person who seeks the advice of a lawyer

From this reading But the potentate, like the British in India, pays small regard to the character of his willing client, judges him with listless glances, and condemns him in a byword.

condemnsverbUS /kənˈdemz/

third-person singular of “condemn” — express strong disapproval of

From this reading But the potentate, like the British in India, pays small regard to the character of his willing client, judges him with listless glances, and condemns him in a byword.

creature's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And yet more idle and, if possible, more unintelligent has been the attitude of his express detractors; those who are very fond of dogs “but in their proper place”; who say “poo’ fellow, poo’ fellow,” and are themselves far poorer; who whet the knife of the vivisectionist or heat his oven; who are not ashamed to admire “the creature’s instinct”; and flying far beyond folly, have dared to resuscitate the theory of animal machines.

daredverbUS /derd/

past form of “dare” — take upon oneself; act presumptuously, without permission

From this reading And yet more idle and, if possible, more unintelligent has been the attitude of his express detractors; those who are very fond of dogs “but in their proper place”; who say “poo’ fellow, poo’ fellow,” and are themselves far poorer; who whet the knife of the vivisectionist or heat his oven; who are not ashamed to admire “the creature’s instinct”; and flying far beyond folly, have dared to resuscitate the theory of animal machines.

detractorsnounUS /dɪˈtræktərz/

plural of “detractor” — one who disparages or belittles the worth of something

From this reading And yet more idle and, if possible, more unintelligent has been the attitude of his express detractors; those who are very fond of dogs “but in their proper place”; who say “poo’ fellow, poo’ fellow,” and are themselves far poorer; who whet the knife of the vivisectionist or heat his oven; who are not ashamed to admire “the creature’s instinct”; and flying far beyond folly, have dared to resuscitate the theory of animal machines.

dog-kind

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The civilisation, the manners, and the morals of dog-kind are to a great extent subordinated to those of his ancestral master, man.

dogsnounUS /dɑːɡz/

plural of “dog” — a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds

From this reading And yet more idle and, if possible, more unintelligent has been the attitude of his express detractors; those who are very fond of dogs “but in their proper place”; who say “poo’ fellow, poo’ fellow,” and are themselves far poorer; who whet the knife of the vivisectionist or heat his oven; who are not ashamed to admire “the creature’s instinct”; and flying far beyond folly, have dared to resuscitate the theory of animal machines.

domesticadjectiveUS /dəˈmestɪk/

of concern to or concerning the internal affairs of a nation

From this reading This animal, in many ways so superior, has accepted a position of inferiority, shares the domestic life, and humours the caprices of the tyrant.

exaggerationsnounUS /ɪɡˌzædʒərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “exaggeration” — extravagant exaggeration

From this reading Listless have been the looks of his admirers, who have exhausted idle terms of praise, and buried the poor soul below exaggerations.

exhaustedadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd/

drained of energy or effectiveness; extremely tired; completely exhausted

From this reading Listless have been the looks of his admirers, who have exhausted idle terms of praise, and buried the poor soul below exaggerations.

expressverbUS /ɪkˈspres/

give expression to

From this reading And yet more idle and, if possible, more unintelligent has been the attitude of his express detractors; those who are very fond of dogs “but in their proper place”; who say “poo’ fellow, poo’ fellow,” and are themselves far poorer; who whet the knife of the vivisectionist or heat his oven; who are not ashamed to admire “the creature’s instinct”; and flying far beyond folly, have dared to resuscitate the theory of animal machines.

extentnounUS /ɪkˈstent/

the point or degree to which something extends

From this reading The civilisation, the manners, and the morals of dog-kind are to a great extent subordinated to those of his ancestral master, man.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading And yet more idle and, if possible, more unintelligent has been the attitude of his express detractors; those who are very fond of dogs “but in their proper place”; who say “poo’ fellow, poo’ fellow,” and are themselves far poorer; who whet the knife of the vivisectionist or heat his oven; who are not ashamed to admire “the creature’s instinct”; and flying far beyond folly, have dared to resuscitate the theory of animal machines.

fellownounUS /ˈfeloʊ/

a boy or man

From this reading And yet more idle and, if possible, more unintelligent has been the attitude of his express detractors; those who are very fond of dogs “but in their proper place”; who say “poo’ fellow, poo’ fellow,” and are themselves far poorer; who whet the knife of the vivisectionist or heat his oven; who are not ashamed to admire “the creature’s instinct”; and flying far beyond folly, have dared to resuscitate the theory of animal machines.

flyingadjectiveUS /ˈflaɪɪŋ/

moving swiftly

From this reading And yet more idle and, if possible, more unintelligent has been the attitude of his express detractors; those who are very fond of dogs “but in their proper place”; who say “poo’ fellow, poo’ fellow,” and are themselves far poorer; who whet the knife of the vivisectionist or heat his oven; who are not ashamed to admire “the creature’s instinct”; and flying far beyond folly, have dared to resuscitate the theory of animal machines.

follynounUS /ˈfɑːli/

the trait of acting stupidly or rashly

From this reading And yet more idle and, if possible, more unintelligent has been the attitude of his express detractors; those who are very fond of dogs “but in their proper place”; who say “poo’ fellow, poo’ fellow,” and are themselves far poorer; who whet the knife of the vivisectionist or heat his oven; who are not ashamed to admire “the creature’s instinct”; and flying far beyond folly, have dared to resuscitate the theory of animal machines.

fondadjectiveUS /fɑːnd/

having or displaying warmth or affection

From this reading And yet more idle and, if possible, more unintelligent has been the attitude of his express detractors; those who are very fond of dogs “but in their proper place”; who say “poo’ fellow, poo’ fellow,” and are themselves far poorer; who whet the knife of the vivisectionist or heat his oven; who are not ashamed to admire “the creature’s instinct”; and flying far beyond folly, have dared to resuscitate the theory of animal machines.

glancesnounUS /ˈɡlænsɪz/

plural of “glance” — a quick look

From this reading But the potentate, like the British in India, pays small regard to the character of his willing client, judges him with listless glances, and condemns him in a byword.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The civilisation, the manners, and the morals of dog-kind are to a great extent subordinated to those of his ancestral master, man.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This animal, in many ways so superior, has accepted a position of inferiority, shares the domestic life, and humours the caprices of the tyrant.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Listless have been the looks of his admirers, who have exhausted idle terms of praise, and buried the poor soul below exaggerations.

heatnounUS /hiːt/

a form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature

From this reading And yet more idle and, if possible, more unintelligent has been the attitude of his express detractors; those who are very fond of dogs “but in their proper place”; who say “poo’ fellow, poo’ fellow,” and are themselves far poorer; who whet the knife of the vivisectionist or heat his oven; who are not ashamed to admire “the creature’s instinct”; and flying far beyond folly, have dared to resuscitate the theory of animal machines.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading But the potentate, like the British in India, pays small regard to the character of his willing client, judges him with listless glances, and condemns him in a byword.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The civilisation, the manners, and the morals of dog-kind are to a great extent subordinated to those of his ancestral master, man.

humours

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This animal, in many ways so superior, has accepted a position of inferiority, shares the domestic life, and humours the caprices of the tyrant.

idleadjectiveUS /ˈaɪdəl/

not in action or at work

From this reading Listless have been the looks of his admirers, who have exhausted idle terms of praise, and buried the poor soul below exaggerations.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading And yet more idle and, if possible, more unintelligent has been the attitude of his express detractors; those who are very fond of dogs “but in their proper place”; who say “poo’ fellow, poo’ fellow,” and are themselves far poorer; who whet the knife of the vivisectionist or heat his oven; who are not ashamed to admire “the creature’s instinct”; and flying far beyond folly, have dared to resuscitate the theory of animal machines.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading This animal, in many ways so superior, has accepted a position of inferiority, shares the domestic life, and humours the caprices of the tyrant.

IndianounUS /ˈɪndiə/

a republic in the Asian subcontinent in southern Asia; second most populous country in the world; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1947

From this reading But the potentate, like the British in India, pays small regard to the character of his willing client, judges him with listless glances, and condemns him in a byword.

inferioritynounUS /ˌɪnfɪriˈɔːrɪtiː/

the state of being inferior

From this reading This animal, in many ways so superior, has accepted a position of inferiority, shares the domestic life, and humours the caprices of the tyrant.

instinctnounUS /ˈɪnstɪŋkt/

inborn pattern of behavior often responsive to specific stimuli

From this reading And yet more idle and, if possible, more unintelligent has been the attitude of his express detractors; those who are very fond of dogs “but in their proper place”; who say “poo’ fellow, poo’ fellow,” and are themselves far poorer; who whet the knife of the vivisectionist or heat his oven; who are not ashamed to admire “the creature’s instinct”; and flying far beyond folly, have dared to resuscitate the theory of animal machines.

judgesnounUS /ˈdʒʌdʒɪz/

a book of the Old Testament that tells the history of Israel under the leaders known as judges

From this reading But the potentate, like the British in India, pays small regard to the character of his willing client, judges him with listless glances, and condemns him in a byword.

knifenounUS /naɪf/

edge tool used as a cutting instrument; has a pointed blade with a sharp edge and a handle

From this reading And yet more idle and, if possible, more unintelligent has been the attitude of his express detractors; those who are very fond of dogs “but in their proper place”; who say “poo’ fellow, poo’ fellow,” and are themselves far poorer; who whet the knife of the vivisectionist or heat his oven; who are not ashamed to admire “the creature’s instinct”; and flying far beyond folly, have dared to resuscitate the theory of animal machines.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading This animal, in many ways so superior, has accepted a position of inferiority, shares the domestic life, and humours the caprices of the tyrant.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading But the potentate, like the British in India, pays small regard to the character of his willing client, judges him with listless glances, and condemns him in a byword.

listlessadjectiveUS /ˈlɪstləs/

lacking zest or vivacity

From this reading But the potentate, like the British in India, pays small regard to the character of his willing client, judges him with listless glances, and condemns him in a byword.

looksnounUS /lʊks/

plural of “look” — the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading Listless have been the looks of his admirers, who have exhausted idle terms of praise, and buried the poor soul below exaggerations.

machinesnounUS /məˈʃiːnz/

plural of “machine” — any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of human tasks

From this reading And yet more idle and, if possible, more unintelligent has been the attitude of his express detractors; those who are very fond of dogs “but in their proper place”; who say “poo’ fellow, poo’ fellow,” and are themselves far poorer; who whet the knife of the vivisectionist or heat his oven; who are not ashamed to admire “the creature’s instinct”; and flying far beyond folly, have dared to resuscitate the theory of animal machines.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The civilisation, the manners, and the morals of dog-kind are to a great extent subordinated to those of his ancestral master, man.

mannersnounUS /ˈmænərz/

social deportment

From this reading The civilisation, the manners, and the morals of dog-kind are to a great extent subordinated to those of his ancestral master, man.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading This animal, in many ways so superior, has accepted a position of inferiority, shares the domestic life, and humours the caprices of the tyrant.

masternounUS /ˈmæstər/

an artist of consummate skill

From this reading The civilisation, the manners, and the morals of dog-kind are to a great extent subordinated to those of his ancestral master, man.

moralsnounUS /ˈmɔːrəlz/

motivation based on ideas of right and wrong

From this reading The civilisation, the manners, and the morals of dog-kind are to a great extent subordinated to those of his ancestral master, man.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading And yet more idle and, if possible, more unintelligent has been the attitude of his express detractors; those who are very fond of dogs “but in their proper place”; who say “poo’ fellow, poo’ fellow,” and are themselves far poorer; who whet the knife of the vivisectionist or heat his oven; who are not ashamed to admire “the creature’s instinct”; and flying far beyond folly, have dared to resuscitate the theory of animal machines.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading And yet more idle and, if possible, more unintelligent has been the attitude of his express detractors; those who are very fond of dogs “but in their proper place”; who say “poo’ fellow, poo’ fellow,” and are themselves far poorer; who whet the knife of the vivisectionist or heat his oven; who are not ashamed to admire “the creature’s instinct”; and flying far beyond folly, have dared to resuscitate the theory of animal machines.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The civilisation, the manners, and the morals of dog-kind are to a great extent subordinated to those of his ancestral master, man.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading And yet more idle and, if possible, more unintelligent has been the attitude of his express detractors; those who are very fond of dogs “but in their proper place”; who say “poo’ fellow, poo’ fellow,” and are themselves far poorer; who whet the knife of the vivisectionist or heat his oven; who are not ashamed to admire “the creature’s instinct”; and flying far beyond folly, have dared to resuscitate the theory of animal machines.

ovennounUS /ˈʌvən/

kitchen appliance used for baking or roasting

From this reading And yet more idle and, if possible, more unintelligent has been the attitude of his express detractors; those who are very fond of dogs “but in their proper place”; who say “poo’ fellow, poo’ fellow,” and are themselves far poorer; who whet the knife of the vivisectionist or heat his oven; who are not ashamed to admire “the creature’s instinct”; and flying far beyond folly, have dared to resuscitate the theory of animal machines.

paysnounUS /peɪz/

plural of “pay” — something that remunerates

From this reading But the potentate, like the British in India, pays small regard to the character of his willing client, judges him with listless glances, and condemns him in a byword.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading And yet more idle and, if possible, more unintelligent has been the attitude of his express detractors; those who are very fond of dogs “but in their proper place”; who say “poo’ fellow, poo’ fellow,” and are themselves far poorer; who whet the knife of the vivisectionist or heat his oven; who are not ashamed to admire “the creature’s instinct”; and flying far beyond folly, have dared to resuscitate the theory of animal machines.

poo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And yet more idle and, if possible, more unintelligent has been the attitude of his express detractors; those who are very fond of dogs “but in their proper place”; who say “poo’ fellow, poo’ fellow,” and are themselves far poorer; who whet the knife of the vivisectionist or heat his oven; who are not ashamed to admire “the creature’s instinct”; and flying far beyond folly, have dared to resuscitate the theory of animal machines.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading Listless have been the looks of his admirers, who have exhausted idle terms of praise, and buried the poor soul below exaggerations.

pooreradjectiveUS /ˈpuːrər/

comparative of “poor” — deserving or inciting pity

From this reading And yet more idle and, if possible, more unintelligent has been the attitude of his express detractors; those who are very fond of dogs “but in their proper place”; who say “poo’ fellow, poo’ fellow,” and are themselves far poorer; who whet the knife of the vivisectionist or heat his oven; who are not ashamed to admire “the creature’s instinct”; and flying far beyond folly, have dared to resuscitate the theory of animal machines.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading This animal, in many ways so superior, has accepted a position of inferiority, shares the domestic life, and humours the caprices of the tyrant.

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading And yet more idle and, if possible, more unintelligent has been the attitude of his express detractors; those who are very fond of dogs “but in their proper place”; who say “poo’ fellow, poo’ fellow,” and are themselves far poorer; who whet the knife of the vivisectionist or heat his oven; who are not ashamed to admire “the creature’s instinct”; and flying far beyond folly, have dared to resuscitate the theory of animal machines.

potentatenounUS /ˈpoʊtənteɪt/

a ruler who is unconstrained by law

From this reading But the potentate, like the British in India, pays small regard to the character of his willing client, judges him with listless glances, and condemns him in a byword.

praisenounUS /preɪz/

an expression of approval and commendation

From this reading Listless have been the looks of his admirers, who have exhausted idle terms of praise, and buried the poor soul below exaggerations.

properadjectiveUS /ˈprɑːpər/

marked by suitability or rightness or appropriateness

From this reading And yet more idle and, if possible, more unintelligent has been the attitude of his express detractors; those who are very fond of dogs “but in their proper place”; who say “poo’ fellow, poo’ fellow,” and are themselves far poorer; who whet the knife of the vivisectionist or heat his oven; who are not ashamed to admire “the creature’s instinct”; and flying far beyond folly, have dared to resuscitate the theory of animal machines.

regardnounUS /rɪˈɡɑːrd/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading But the potentate, like the British in India, pays small regard to the character of his willing client, judges him with listless glances, and condemns him in a byword.

resuscitateverbUS /rɪˈsʌsɪteɪt/

cause to regain consciousness

From this reading And yet more idle and, if possible, more unintelligent has been the attitude of his express detractors; those who are very fond of dogs “but in their proper place”; who say “poo’ fellow, poo’ fellow,” and are themselves far poorer; who whet the knife of the vivisectionist or heat his oven; who are not ashamed to admire “the creature’s instinct”; and flying far beyond folly, have dared to resuscitate the theory of animal machines.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading And yet more idle and, if possible, more unintelligent has been the attitude of his express detractors; those who are very fond of dogs “but in their proper place”; who say “poo’ fellow, poo’ fellow,” and are themselves far poorer; who whet the knife of the vivisectionist or heat his oven; who are not ashamed to admire “the creature’s instinct”; and flying far beyond folly, have dared to resuscitate the theory of animal machines.

sharesnounUS /ʃerz/

plural of “share” — assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group

From this reading This animal, in many ways so superior, has accepted a position of inferiority, shares the domestic life, and humours the caprices of the tyrant.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading But the potentate, like the British in India, pays small regard to the character of his willing client, judges him with listless glances, and condemns him in a byword.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading This animal, in many ways so superior, has accepted a position of inferiority, shares the domestic life, and humours the caprices of the tyrant.

soulnounUS /soʊl/

the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading Listless have been the looks of his admirers, who have exhausted idle terms of praise, and buried the poor soul below exaggerations.

subordinatedverbUS /səˈbɔːrdəneɪtɪd/

past form of “subordinate” — rank or order as less important or consider of less value

From this reading The civilisation, the manners, and the morals of dog-kind are to a great extent subordinated to those of his ancestral master, man.

superioradjectiveUS /suːˈpɪriər/

of high or superior quality or performance

From this reading This animal, in many ways so superior, has accepted a position of inferiority, shares the domestic life, and humours the caprices of the tyrant.

termsnounUS /tɜːrmz/

status with respect to the relations between people or groups

From this reading Listless have been the looks of his admirers, who have exhausted idle terms of praise, and buried the poor soul below exaggerations.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The civilisation, the manners, and the morals of dog-kind are to a great extent subordinated to those of his ancestral master, man.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading And yet more idle and, if possible, more unintelligent has been the attitude of his express detractors; those who are very fond of dogs “but in their proper place”; who say “poo’ fellow, poo’ fellow,” and are themselves far poorer; who whet the knife of the vivisectionist or heat his oven; who are not ashamed to admire “the creature’s instinct”; and flying far beyond folly, have dared to resuscitate the theory of animal machines.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading And yet more idle and, if possible, more unintelligent has been the attitude of his express detractors; those who are very fond of dogs “but in their proper place”; who say “poo’ fellow, poo’ fellow,” and are themselves far poorer; who whet the knife of the vivisectionist or heat his oven; who are not ashamed to admire “the creature’s instinct”; and flying far beyond folly, have dared to resuscitate the theory of animal machines.

theorynounUS /ˈθɪri/

a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena

From this reading And yet more idle and, if possible, more unintelligent has been the attitude of his express detractors; those who are very fond of dogs “but in their proper place”; who say “poo’ fellow, poo’ fellow,” and are themselves far poorer; who whet the knife of the vivisectionist or heat his oven; who are not ashamed to admire “the creature’s instinct”; and flying far beyond folly, have dared to resuscitate the theory of animal machines.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This animal, in many ways so superior, has accepted a position of inferiority, shares the domestic life, and humours the caprices of the tyrant.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading The civilisation, the manners, and the morals of dog-kind are to a great extent subordinated to those of his ancestral master, man.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The civilisation, the manners, and the morals of dog-kind are to a great extent subordinated to those of his ancestral master, man.

tyrantnounUS /ˈtaɪrənt/

a cruel and oppressive dictator

From this reading This animal, in many ways so superior, has accepted a position of inferiority, shares the domestic life, and humours the caprices of the tyrant.

unintelligentadjective

lacking intelligence

From this reading And yet more idle and, if possible, more unintelligent has been the attitude of his express detractors; those who are very fond of dogs “but in their proper place”; who say “poo’ fellow, poo’ fellow,” and are themselves far poorer; who whet the knife of the vivisectionist or heat his oven; who are not ashamed to admire “the creature’s instinct”; and flying far beyond folly, have dared to resuscitate the theory of animal machines.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading And yet more idle and, if possible, more unintelligent has been the attitude of his express detractors; those who are very fond of dogs “but in their proper place”; who say “poo’ fellow, poo’ fellow,” and are themselves far poorer; who whet the knife of the vivisectionist or heat his oven; who are not ashamed to admire “the creature’s instinct”; and flying far beyond folly, have dared to resuscitate the theory of animal machines.

vivisectionistnoun

a biologist who cuts open live animals for research

From this reading And yet more idle and, if possible, more unintelligent has been the attitude of his express detractors; those who are very fond of dogs “but in their proper place”; who say “poo’ fellow, poo’ fellow,” and are themselves far poorer; who whet the knife of the vivisectionist or heat his oven; who are not ashamed to admire “the creature’s instinct”; and flying far beyond folly, have dared to resuscitate the theory of animal machines.

waysnounUS /weɪz/

structure consisting of a sloping way down to the water from the place where ships are built or repaired

From this reading This animal, in many ways so superior, has accepted a position of inferiority, shares the domestic life, and humours the caprices of the tyrant.

whetverbUS /wet/

make keen or more acute

From this reading And yet more idle and, if possible, more unintelligent has been the attitude of his express detractors; those who are very fond of dogs “but in their proper place”; who say “poo’ fellow, poo’ fellow,” and are themselves far poorer; who whet the knife of the vivisectionist or heat his oven; who are not ashamed to admire “the creature’s instinct”; and flying far beyond folly, have dared to resuscitate the theory of animal machines.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Listless have been the looks of his admirers, who have exhausted idle terms of praise, and buried the poor soul below exaggerations.

willingadjectiveUS /ˈwɪlɪŋ/

disposed or inclined toward

From this reading But the potentate, like the British in India, pays small regard to the character of his willing client, judges him with listless glances, and condemns him in a byword.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading But the potentate, like the British in India, pays small regard to the character of his willing client, judges him with listless glances, and condemns him in a byword.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading And yet more idle and, if possible, more unintelligent has been the attitude of his express detractors; those who are very fond of dogs “but in their proper place”; who say “poo’ fellow, poo’ fellow,” and are themselves far poorer; who whet the knife of the vivisectionist or heat his oven; who are not ashamed to admire “the creature’s instinct”; and flying far beyond folly, have dared to resuscitate the theory of animal machines.

Chapter 12 of Memories and Portraits by Robert Louis Stevenson holds 140 sentences, grouped into 28 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of Memories and Portraits contain?

Chapter 12 holds 140 sentences of Memories and Portraits, unabridged, divided into 28 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of Memories and Portraits by Robert Louis Stevenson exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 140 sentences, grouped into 28 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of Memories and Portraits?

Work through the 28 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 28 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Memories and Portraits

Common questions about reading Memories and Portraits by Robert Louis Stevenson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Memories and Portraits?

Yes. All 1671 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #381 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Memories and Portraits is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #381, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Memories and Portraits take to read?

About 139 minutes of reading across 335 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Memories and Portraits section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Memories and Portraits

Words and structures a reader meets early in Memories and Portraits, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

House
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Memories and Portraits; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Biggin
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Memories and Portraits; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Recent
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Memories and Portraits; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Books
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Memories and Portraits; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.