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Memories and Studies
Memories and Studies

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Memories and Studies is here in full — 448 sentences across 90 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/89 · 5 lines
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The truth is that Davidson, brought up on the older classical traditions, never outgrew those habits of judging the world by purely aesthetic criteria which men fed on the sciences of nature are so willing to abandon.
Even if a philosophy were true, he could easily fail to relish it unless it showed a certain formal nobility and dogmatic pretension to finality.
But I must not describe him so much from my own professional point of view--it is as a vessel of life at large that one ought to keep him in remembrance.
He came to Boston from St. Louis, where he had been teaching, about the year 1873.
He was ruddy and radiant, and I soon saw much of him, though at first it was without the thoroughness of sympathy which we afterwards acquired and which made us overflow, on meeting after long absences, into such laughing greetings as: "Ha! you old thief!
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Memories and Studies

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Memories and Studies is here in full — 448 sentences across 90 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/89 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The truth is that Davidson, brought up on the older classical traditions, never outgrew those habits of judging the world by purely aesthetic criteria which men fed on the sciences of nature are so willing to abandon.
Line 2
Even if a philosophy were true, he could easily fail to relish it unless it showed a certain formal nobility and dogmatic pretension to finality.
/ˈiːvɪn ɪf ə fɪˈlɑː.sə.fi wɜːr truː hiː kʊd ˈiːzəli feɪl tuː ˈrelɪʃ ɪt ənˈles ɪt ʃoʊd ə ˈsɜːrtən ˈfɔːrməl noʊˈbɪləti ənd dɑːɡˈmætɪk priˈtenʃən tuː faɪˈnæləti/
Line 3
But I must not describe him so much from my own professional point of view--it is as a vessel of life at large that one ought to keep him in remembrance.
Line 4
He came to Boston from St. Louis, where he had been teaching, about the year 1873.
Line 5
He was ruddy and radiant, and I soon saw much of him, though at first it was without the thoroughness of sympathy which we afterwards acquired and which made us overflow, on meeting after long absences, into such laughing greetings as: "Ha! you old thief!
/hiː wɑːz ˈrʌdi ənd ˈreɪdiːənt ənd aɪ suːn sɔː mʌtʃ ʌv hɪm ðoʊ æt fɜːrst ɪt wɑːz wɪˈθaʊt ðə ˈθɜːroʊnəs ʌv ˈsɪmpəθi wɪtʃ wiː ˈæftərwərdz əˈkwaɪərd ənd wɪtʃ meɪd ʌs ˈoʊvərfloʊ ɑːn ˈmiːtɪŋ ˈæftər lɔːŋ ˈæbsənsɪz ˈɪntuː sʌtʃ ˈlæfɪŋ ˈɡriːtɪŋz æz hɑː juː oʊld θiːf/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

absences noun US /ˈæbsənsɪz/

plural of “absence” — the state of being absent

From this reading “He was ruddy and radiant, and I soon saw much of him, though at first it was without the thoroughness of sympathy which we afterwards acquired and which made us overflow, on meeting after long absences, into such laughing greetings as: "Ha! you old thief!”

aesthetic adjective US /esˈθetɪk/

relating to or dealing with the subject of aesthetics

From this reading “The truth is that Davidson, brought up on the older classical traditions, never outgrew those habits of judging the world by purely aesthetic criteria which men fed on the sciences of nature are so willing to abandon.”

criteria noun US /kraɪˈtɪriə/

plural of “criterion” — a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated

From this reading “The truth is that Davidson, brought up on the older classical traditions, never outgrew those habits of judging the world by purely aesthetic criteria which men fed on the sciences of nature are so willing to abandon.”

dogmatic adjective US /dɑːɡˈmætɪk/

characterized by assertion of unproved or unprovable principles

From this reading “Even if a philosophy were true, he could easily fail to relish it unless it showed a certain formal nobility and dogmatic pretension to finality.”

finality noun US /faɪˈnæləti/

the quality of being final or definitely settled

From this reading “Even if a philosophy were true, he could easily fail to relish it unless it showed a certain formal nobility and dogmatic pretension to finality.”

outgrew verb US /ˌaʊtˈɡruː/

inflected form of “outgrow” — grow too large or too mature for

From this reading “The truth is that Davidson, brought up on the older classical traditions, never outgrew those habits of judging the world by purely aesthetic criteria which men fed on the sciences of nature are so willing to abandon.”

pretension noun US /priˈtenʃən/

a false or unsupportable quality

From this reading “Even if a philosophy were true, he could easily fail to relish it unless it showed a certain formal nobility and dogmatic pretension to finality.”

thoroughness noun US /ˈθɜːroʊnəs/

conscientiousness in performing all aspects of a task

From this reading “He was ruddy and radiant, and I soon saw much of him, though at first it was without the thoroughness of sympathy which we afterwards acquired and which made us overflow, on meeting after long absences, into such laughing greetings as: "Ha! you old thief!”

All words in this reading · 115

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1873

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He came to Boston from St. Louis, where he had been teaching, about the year 1873.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Even if a philosophy were true, he could easily fail to relish it unless it showed a certain formal nobility and dogmatic pretension to finality.

abandonverbUS /əˈbændən/

forsake, leave behind

From this reading The truth is that Davidson, brought up on the older classical traditions, never outgrew those habits of judging the world by purely aesthetic criteria which men fed on the sciences of nature are so willing to abandon.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading He came to Boston from St. Louis, where he had been teaching, about the year 1873.

absencesnounUS /ˈæbsənsɪz/

plural of “absence” — the state of being absent

From this reading He was ruddy and radiant, and I soon saw much of him, though at first it was without the thoroughness of sympathy which we afterwards acquired and which made us overflow, on meeting after long absences, into such laughing greetings as: "Ha! you old thief!

acquiredadjectiveUS /əˈkwaɪərd/

gotten through environmental forces

From this reading He was ruddy and radiant, and I soon saw much of him, though at first it was without the thoroughness of sympathy which we afterwards acquired and which made us overflow, on meeting after long absences, into such laughing greetings as: "Ha! you old thief!

aestheticadjectiveUS /esˈθetɪk/

relating to or dealing with the subject of aesthetics

From this reading The truth is that Davidson, brought up on the older classical traditions, never outgrew those habits of judging the world by purely aesthetic criteria which men fed on the sciences of nature are so willing to abandon.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading He was ruddy and radiant, and I soon saw much of him, though at first it was without the thoroughness of sympathy which we afterwards acquired and which made us overflow, on meeting after long absences, into such laughing greetings as: "Ha! you old thief!

afterwardsadverbUS /ˈæftərwərdz/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading He was ruddy and radiant, and I soon saw much of him, though at first it was without the thoroughness of sympathy which we afterwards acquired and which made us overflow, on meeting after long absences, into such laughing greetings as: "Ha! you old thief!

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Even if a philosophy were true, he could easily fail to relish it unless it showed a certain formal nobility and dogmatic pretension to finality.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The truth is that Davidson, brought up on the older classical traditions, never outgrew those habits of judging the world by purely aesthetic criteria which men fed on the sciences of nature are so willing to abandon.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading But I must not describe him so much from my own professional point of view--it is as a vessel of life at large that one ought to keep him in remembrance.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading But I must not describe him so much from my own professional point of view--it is as a vessel of life at large that one ought to keep him in remembrance.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading He came to Boston from St. Louis, where he had been teaching, about the year 1873.

BostonnounUS /ˈbɑːstən/

state capital and largest city of Massachusetts; a major center for banking and financial services

From this reading He came to Boston from St. Louis, where he had been teaching, about the year 1873.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading The truth is that Davidson, brought up on the older classical traditions, never outgrew those habits of judging the world by purely aesthetic criteria which men fed on the sciences of nature are so willing to abandon.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But I must not describe him so much from my own professional point of view--it is as a vessel of life at large that one ought to keep him in remembrance.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The truth is that Davidson, brought up on the older classical traditions, never outgrew those habits of judging the world by purely aesthetic criteria which men fed on the sciences of nature are so willing to abandon.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading He came to Boston from St. Louis, where he had been teaching, about the year 1873.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading Even if a philosophy were true, he could easily fail to relish it unless it showed a certain formal nobility and dogmatic pretension to finality.

classicaladjectiveUS /ˈklæsɪkəl/

of or relating to the first significant period of a civilization, culture, area of study, etc.

From this reading The truth is that Davidson, brought up on the older classical traditions, never outgrew those habits of judging the world by purely aesthetic criteria which men fed on the sciences of nature are so willing to abandon.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Even if a philosophy were true, he could easily fail to relish it unless it showed a certain formal nobility and dogmatic pretension to finality.

criterianounUS /kraɪˈtɪriə/

plural of “criterion” — a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated

From this reading The truth is that Davidson, brought up on the older classical traditions, never outgrew those habits of judging the world by purely aesthetic criteria which men fed on the sciences of nature are so willing to abandon.

Davidson

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The truth is that Davidson, brought up on the older classical traditions, never outgrew those habits of judging the world by purely aesthetic criteria which men fed on the sciences of nature are so willing to abandon.

describeverbUS /dɪˈskraɪb/

give a description of

From this reading But I must not describe him so much from my own professional point of view--it is as a vessel of life at large that one ought to keep him in remembrance.

dogmaticadjectiveUS /dɑːɡˈmætɪk/

characterized by assertion of unproved or unprovable principles

From this reading Even if a philosophy were true, he could easily fail to relish it unless it showed a certain formal nobility and dogmatic pretension to finality.

easilyadverbUS /ˈiːzəli/

with ease (“easy” is sometimes used informally for “easily”)

From this reading Even if a philosophy were true, he could easily fail to relish it unless it showed a certain formal nobility and dogmatic pretension to finality.

EvenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Even if a philosophy were true, he could easily fail to relish it unless it showed a certain formal nobility and dogmatic pretension to finality.

failverbUS /feɪl/

fail to do something; leave something undone

From this reading Even if a philosophy were true, he could easily fail to relish it unless it showed a certain formal nobility and dogmatic pretension to finality.

fednounUS /fed/

any federal law-enforcement officer

From this reading The truth is that Davidson, brought up on the older classical traditions, never outgrew those habits of judging the world by purely aesthetic criteria which men fed on the sciences of nature are so willing to abandon.

finalitynounUS /faɪˈnæləti/

the quality of being final or definitely settled

From this reading Even if a philosophy were true, he could easily fail to relish it unless it showed a certain formal nobility and dogmatic pretension to finality.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading He was ruddy and radiant, and I soon saw much of him, though at first it was without the thoroughness of sympathy which we afterwards acquired and which made us overflow, on meeting after long absences, into such laughing greetings as: "Ha! you old thief!

formaladjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrməl/

being in accord with established forms and conventions and requirements (as e.g. of formal dress)

From this reading Even if a philosophy were true, he could easily fail to relish it unless it showed a certain formal nobility and dogmatic pretension to finality.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading But I must not describe him so much from my own professional point of view--it is as a vessel of life at large that one ought to keep him in remembrance.

greetingsnounUS /ˈɡriːtɪŋz/

plural of “greeting” — (usually plural) an acknowledgment or expression of good will (especially on meeting)

From this reading He was ruddy and radiant, and I soon saw much of him, though at first it was without the thoroughness of sympathy which we afterwards acquired and which made us overflow, on meeting after long absences, into such laughing greetings as: "Ha! you old thief!

HanounUS /hɑː/

(astronomy) the angular distance of a celestial point measured westward along the celestial equator from the zenith crossing; the right ascension for an observer at a particular location and time of day

From this reading He was ruddy and radiant, and I soon saw much of him, though at first it was without the thoroughness of sympathy which we afterwards acquired and which made us overflow, on meeting after long absences, into such laughing greetings as: "Ha! you old thief!

habitsnounUS /ˈhæbəts/

plural of “habit” — an established custom

From this reading The truth is that Davidson, brought up on the older classical traditions, never outgrew those habits of judging the world by purely aesthetic criteria which men fed on the sciences of nature are so willing to abandon.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He came to Boston from St. Louis, where he had been teaching, about the year 1873.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Even if a philosophy were true, he could easily fail to relish it unless it showed a certain formal nobility and dogmatic pretension to finality.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading But I must not describe him so much from my own professional point of view--it is as a vessel of life at large that one ought to keep him in remembrance.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading But I must not describe him so much from my own professional point of view--it is as a vessel of life at large that one ought to keep him in remembrance.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Even if a philosophy were true, he could easily fail to relish it unless it showed a certain formal nobility and dogmatic pretension to finality.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading But I must not describe him so much from my own professional point of view--it is as a vessel of life at large that one ought to keep him in remembrance.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading He was ruddy and radiant, and I soon saw much of him, though at first it was without the thoroughness of sympathy which we afterwards acquired and which made us overflow, on meeting after long absences, into such laughing greetings as: "Ha! you old thief!

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The truth is that Davidson, brought up on the older classical traditions, never outgrew those habits of judging the world by purely aesthetic criteria which men fed on the sciences of nature are so willing to abandon.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Even if a philosophy were true, he could easily fail to relish it unless it showed a certain formal nobility and dogmatic pretension to finality.

judgingnounUS /ˈdʒʌdʒɪŋ/

the cognitive process of reaching a decision or drawing conclusions

From this reading The truth is that Davidson, brought up on the older classical traditions, never outgrew those habits of judging the world by purely aesthetic criteria which men fed on the sciences of nature are so willing to abandon.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading But I must not describe him so much from my own professional point of view--it is as a vessel of life at large that one ought to keep him in remembrance.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading But I must not describe him so much from my own professional point of view--it is as a vessel of life at large that one ought to keep him in remembrance.

laughingadjectiveUS /ˈlæfɪŋ/

showing or feeling mirth or pleasure or happiness

From this reading He was ruddy and radiant, and I soon saw much of him, though at first it was without the thoroughness of sympathy which we afterwards acquired and which made us overflow, on meeting after long absences, into such laughing greetings as: "Ha! you old thief!

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading But I must not describe him so much from my own professional point of view--it is as a vessel of life at large that one ought to keep him in remembrance.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading He was ruddy and radiant, and I soon saw much of him, though at first it was without the thoroughness of sympathy which we afterwards acquired and which made us overflow, on meeting after long absences, into such laughing greetings as: "Ha! you old thief!

LouisnounUS /ˈluːɪs/

United States prizefighter who was world heavyweight champion for 12 years (1914-1981)

From this reading He came to Boston from St. Louis, where he had been teaching, about the year 1873.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading He was ruddy and radiant, and I soon saw much of him, though at first it was without the thoroughness of sympathy which we afterwards acquired and which made us overflow, on meeting after long absences, into such laughing greetings as: "Ha! you old thief!

meetingnounUS /ˈmiːtɪŋ/

a formally arranged gathering

From this reading He was ruddy and radiant, and I soon saw much of him, though at first it was without the thoroughness of sympathy which we afterwards acquired and which made us overflow, on meeting after long absences, into such laughing greetings as: "Ha! you old thief!

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The truth is that Davidson, brought up on the older classical traditions, never outgrew those habits of judging the world by purely aesthetic criteria which men fed on the sciences of nature are so willing to abandon.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading But I must not describe him so much from my own professional point of view--it is as a vessel of life at large that one ought to keep him in remembrance.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading But I must not describe him so much from my own professional point of view--it is as a vessel of life at large that one ought to keep him in remembrance.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading But I must not describe him so much from my own professional point of view--it is as a vessel of life at large that one ought to keep him in remembrance.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading The truth is that Davidson, brought up on the older classical traditions, never outgrew those habits of judging the world by purely aesthetic criteria which men fed on the sciences of nature are so willing to abandon.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading The truth is that Davidson, brought up on the older classical traditions, never outgrew those habits of judging the world by purely aesthetic criteria which men fed on the sciences of nature are so willing to abandon.

nobilitynounUS /noʊˈbɪləti/

a privileged class holding hereditary titles

From this reading Even if a philosophy were true, he could easily fail to relish it unless it showed a certain formal nobility and dogmatic pretension to finality.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading But I must not describe him so much from my own professional point of view--it is as a vessel of life at large that one ought to keep him in remembrance.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The truth is that Davidson, brought up on the older classical traditions, never outgrew those habits of judging the world by purely aesthetic criteria which men fed on the sciences of nature are so willing to abandon.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading He was ruddy and radiant, and I soon saw much of him, though at first it was without the thoroughness of sympathy which we afterwards acquired and which made us overflow, on meeting after long absences, into such laughing greetings as: "Ha! you old thief!

olderadjectiveUS /ˈoʊldər/

advanced in years; (“aged” is pronounced as two syllables)

From this reading The truth is that Davidson, brought up on the older classical traditions, never outgrew those habits of judging the world by purely aesthetic criteria which men fed on the sciences of nature are so willing to abandon.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The truth is that Davidson, brought up on the older classical traditions, never outgrew those habits of judging the world by purely aesthetic criteria which men fed on the sciences of nature are so willing to abandon.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading But I must not describe him so much from my own professional point of view--it is as a vessel of life at large that one ought to keep him in remembrance.

oughtmodal verbUS /ɔːt/

used with “to” to say what is right or advisable

From this reading But I must not describe him so much from my own professional point of view--it is as a vessel of life at large that one ought to keep him in remembrance.

outgrewverbUS /ˌaʊtˈɡruː/

inflected form of “outgrow” — grow too large or too mature for

From this reading The truth is that Davidson, brought up on the older classical traditions, never outgrew those habits of judging the world by purely aesthetic criteria which men fed on the sciences of nature are so willing to abandon.

overflownounUS /ˈoʊvərfloʊ/

a large flow

From this reading He was ruddy and radiant, and I soon saw much of him, though at first it was without the thoroughness of sympathy which we afterwards acquired and which made us overflow, on meeting after long absences, into such laughing greetings as: "Ha! you old thief!

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading But I must not describe him so much from my own professional point of view--it is as a vessel of life at large that one ought to keep him in remembrance.

philosophynounUS /fɪˈlɑː.sə.fi/

The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence. (Triết học, đạo lý nhân sinh.)

From this reading Even if a philosophy were true, he could easily fail to relish it unless it showed a certain formal nobility and dogmatic pretension to finality.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading But I must not describe him so much from my own professional point of view--it is as a vessel of life at large that one ought to keep him in remembrance.

pretensionnounUS /priˈtenʃən/

a false or unsupportable quality

From this reading Even if a philosophy were true, he could easily fail to relish it unless it showed a certain formal nobility and dogmatic pretension to finality.

professionaladjectiveUS /prəˈfeʃənəl/

engaged in a profession or engaging in as a profession or means of livelihood

From this reading But I must not describe him so much from my own professional point of view--it is as a vessel of life at large that one ought to keep him in remembrance.

purelyadverbUS /ˈpjʊrli/

restricted to something

From this reading The truth is that Davidson, brought up on the older classical traditions, never outgrew those habits of judging the world by purely aesthetic criteria which men fed on the sciences of nature are so willing to abandon.

radiantadjectiveUS /ˈreɪdiːənt/

radiating or as if radiating light

From this reading He was ruddy and radiant, and I soon saw much of him, though at first it was without the thoroughness of sympathy which we afterwards acquired and which made us overflow, on meeting after long absences, into such laughing greetings as: "Ha! you old thief!

relishnounUS /ˈrelɪʃ/

vigorous and enthusiastic enjoyment

From this reading Even if a philosophy were true, he could easily fail to relish it unless it showed a certain formal nobility and dogmatic pretension to finality.

remembrancenounUS /riˈmembrəns/

the ability to recall past occurrences

From this reading But I must not describe him so much from my own professional point of view--it is as a vessel of life at large that one ought to keep him in remembrance.

ruddyadjectiveUS /ˈrʌdi/

inclined to a healthy reddish color often associated with outdoor life

From this reading He was ruddy and radiant, and I soon saw much of him, though at first it was without the thoroughness of sympathy which we afterwards acquired and which made us overflow, on meeting after long absences, into such laughing greetings as: "Ha! you old thief!

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading He was ruddy and radiant, and I soon saw much of him, though at first it was without the thoroughness of sympathy which we afterwards acquired and which made us overflow, on meeting after long absences, into such laughing greetings as: "Ha! you old thief!

sciencesnounUS /ˈsaɪənsəz/

plural of “science” — a particular branch of scientific knowledge

From this reading The truth is that Davidson, brought up on the older classical traditions, never outgrew those habits of judging the world by purely aesthetic criteria which men fed on the sciences of nature are so willing to abandon.

showedverbUS /ʃoʊd/

past form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Even if a philosophy were true, he could easily fail to relish it unless it showed a certain formal nobility and dogmatic pretension to finality.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The truth is that Davidson, brought up on the older classical traditions, never outgrew those habits of judging the world by purely aesthetic criteria which men fed on the sciences of nature are so willing to abandon.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading He was ruddy and radiant, and I soon saw much of him, though at first it was without the thoroughness of sympathy which we afterwards acquired and which made us overflow, on meeting after long absences, into such laughing greetings as: "Ha! you old thief!

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He came to Boston from St. Louis, where he had been teaching, about the year 1873.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading He was ruddy and radiant, and I soon saw much of him, though at first it was without the thoroughness of sympathy which we afterwards acquired and which made us overflow, on meeting after long absences, into such laughing greetings as: "Ha! you old thief!

sympathynounUS /ˈsɪmpəθi/

an inclination to support or be loyal to or to agree with an opinion

From this reading He was ruddy and radiant, and I soon saw much of him, though at first it was without the thoroughness of sympathy which we afterwards acquired and which made us overflow, on meeting after long absences, into such laughing greetings as: "Ha! you old thief!

teachingnounUS /ˈtiːtʃɪŋ/

the profession of a teacher

From this reading He came to Boston from St. Louis, where he had been teaching, about the year 1873.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The truth is that Davidson, brought up on the older classical traditions, never outgrew those habits of judging the world by purely aesthetic criteria which men fed on the sciences of nature are so willing to abandon.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The truth is that Davidson, brought up on the older classical traditions, never outgrew those habits of judging the world by purely aesthetic criteria which men fed on the sciences of nature are so willing to abandon.

thiefnounUS /θiːf/

a criminal who takes property belonging to someone else with the intention of keeping it or selling it

From this reading He was ruddy and radiant, and I soon saw much of him, though at first it was without the thoroughness of sympathy which we afterwards acquired and which made us overflow, on meeting after long absences, into such laughing greetings as: "Ha! you old thief!

thoroughnessnounUS /ˈθɜːroʊnəs/

conscientiousness in performing all aspects of a task

From this reading He was ruddy and radiant, and I soon saw much of him, though at first it was without the thoroughness of sympathy which we afterwards acquired and which made us overflow, on meeting after long absences, into such laughing greetings as: "Ha! you old thief!

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading The truth is that Davidson, brought up on the older classical traditions, never outgrew those habits of judging the world by purely aesthetic criteria which men fed on the sciences of nature are so willing to abandon.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading He was ruddy and radiant, and I soon saw much of him, though at first it was without the thoroughness of sympathy which we afterwards acquired and which made us overflow, on meeting after long absences, into such laughing greetings as: "Ha! you old thief!

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The truth is that Davidson, brought up on the older classical traditions, never outgrew those habits of judging the world by purely aesthetic criteria which men fed on the sciences of nature are so willing to abandon.

traditionsnounUS /trəˈdɪʃənz/

plural of “tradition” — an inherited pattern of thought or action

From this reading The truth is that Davidson, brought up on the older classical traditions, never outgrew those habits of judging the world by purely aesthetic criteria which men fed on the sciences of nature are so willing to abandon.

trueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading Even if a philosophy were true, he could easily fail to relish it unless it showed a certain formal nobility and dogmatic pretension to finality.

truthnounUS /truːθ/

a fact that has been verified

From this reading The truth is that Davidson, brought up on the older classical traditions, never outgrew those habits of judging the world by purely aesthetic criteria which men fed on the sciences of nature are so willing to abandon.

unlessconjunctionUS /ənˈles/

except if; if not

From this reading Even if a philosophy were true, he could easily fail to relish it unless it showed a certain formal nobility and dogmatic pretension to finality.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The truth is that Davidson, brought up on the older classical traditions, never outgrew those habits of judging the world by purely aesthetic criteria which men fed on the sciences of nature are so willing to abandon.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He was ruddy and radiant, and I soon saw much of him, though at first it was without the thoroughness of sympathy which we afterwards acquired and which made us overflow, on meeting after long absences, into such laughing greetings as: "Ha! you old thief!

vesselnounUS /ˈvesəl/

a tube in which a body fluid circulates

From this reading But I must not describe him so much from my own professional point of view--it is as a vessel of life at large that one ought to keep him in remembrance.

viewnounUS /vjuː/

a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading But I must not describe him so much from my own professional point of view--it is as a vessel of life at large that one ought to keep him in remembrance.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He was ruddy and radiant, and I soon saw much of him, though at first it was without the thoroughness of sympathy which we afterwards acquired and which made us overflow, on meeting after long absences, into such laughing greetings as: "Ha! you old thief!

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading He was ruddy and radiant, and I soon saw much of him, though at first it was without the thoroughness of sympathy which we afterwards acquired and which made us overflow, on meeting after long absences, into such laughing greetings as: "Ha! you old thief!

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Even if a philosophy were true, he could easily fail to relish it unless it showed a certain formal nobility and dogmatic pretension to finality.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading He came to Boston from St. Louis, where he had been teaching, about the year 1873.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The truth is that Davidson, brought up on the older classical traditions, never outgrew those habits of judging the world by purely aesthetic criteria which men fed on the sciences of nature are so willing to abandon.

willingadjectiveUS /ˈwɪlɪŋ/

disposed or inclined toward

From this reading The truth is that Davidson, brought up on the older classical traditions, never outgrew those habits of judging the world by purely aesthetic criteria which men fed on the sciences of nature are so willing to abandon.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading He was ruddy and radiant, and I soon saw much of him, though at first it was without the thoroughness of sympathy which we afterwards acquired and which made us overflow, on meeting after long absences, into such laughing greetings as: "Ha! you old thief!

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading The truth is that Davidson, brought up on the older classical traditions, never outgrew those habits of judging the world by purely aesthetic criteria which men fed on the sciences of nature are so willing to abandon.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading He came to Boston from St. Louis, where he had been teaching, about the year 1873.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading He was ruddy and radiant, and I soon saw much of him, though at first it was without the thoroughness of sympathy which we afterwards acquired and which made us overflow, on meeting after long absences, into such laughing greetings as: "Ha! you old thief!

Chapter 2 of Memories and Studies by William James holds 448 sentences, grouped into 90 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Memories and Studies contain?

Chapter 2 holds 448 sentences of Memories and Studies, unabridged, divided into 90 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Memories and Studies by William James exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 448 sentences, grouped into 90 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Memories and Studies?

Work through the 90 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 90 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Memories and Studies

Common questions about reading Memories and Studies by William James on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Memories and Studies?

Yes. All 2748 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #20768 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #20768, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Memories and Studies take to read?

About 229 minutes of reading across 550 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Memories and Studies

Words and structures a reader meets early in Memories and Studies, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Longmans
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Memories and Studies; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Green
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Memories and Studies; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fourth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Memories and Studies; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Avenue
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Memories and Studies; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.