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Memories and Studies
Memories and Studies

Chapter V · Chapter 5

Chapter 5 of Memories and Studies is here in full — 460 sentences across 92 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/92 · 5 lines
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Other militarists are more complex and more moral in their considerations.
The "Philosophie des Krieges," by S. R. Steinmetz is a good example.
War, according to this author, is an ordeal instituted by God, who weighs the nations in its balance.
It is the essential form of the State, and the only function in which peoples can employ all their powers at once and convergently.
No victory is possible save as the resultant of a totality of virtues, no defeat for which some vice or weakness is not responsible.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Memories and Studies

Chapter V · Chapter 5

Chapter 5 of Memories and Studies is here in full — 460 sentences across 92 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/92 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Other militarists are more complex and more moral in their considerations.
/ˈʌðər ˈmɪlətərɪsts ɑːr mɔːr ˈkɑːmpleks ənd mɔːr ˈmɔːrəl ɪn ðer kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃənz/
Line 2
The "Philosophie des Krieges," by S. R. Steinmetz is a good example.
Line 3
War, according to this author, is an ordeal instituted by God, who weighs the nations in its balance.
/wɔːr əˈkɔːrdɪŋ tuː ðɪs ˈɔːθər ɪz æn ɔːrˈdiːl ˈɪnstətuːtɪd baɪ ɡɑːd huː weɪz ðə ˈneɪʃənz ɪn ɪts ˈbæləns/
Line 4
It is the essential form of the State, and the only function in which peoples can employ all their powers at once and convergently.
Line 5
No victory is possible save as the resultant of a totality of virtues, no defeat for which some vice or weakness is not responsible.
/noʊ ˈvɪktəri ɪz ˈpɑːsəbəl seɪv æz ðə riˈzʌltənt ʌv ə toʊˈtæləti ʌv ˈvɜːrtʃuːz noʊ dɪˈfiːt fɔːr wɪtʃ sʌm vaɪs ɔːr ˈwiːknəs ɪz nɑːt riˈspɑːnsəbəl/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

complex noun US /ˈkɑːmpleks/

a conceptual whole made up of complicated and related parts

From this reading “Other militarists are more complex and more moral in their considerations.”

instituted verb US /ˈɪnstətuːtɪd/

past form of “institute” — set up or lay the groundwork for

From this reading “War, according to this author, is an ordeal instituted by God, who weighs the nations in its balance.”

militarists noun US /ˈmɪlətərɪsts/

plural of “militarist” — a person who advocates war or warlike policies

From this reading “Other militarists are more complex and more moral in their considerations.”

peoples noun US /ˈpiːpəlz/

the human beings of a particular nation or community or ethnic group

From this reading “It is the essential form of the State, and the only function in which peoples can employ all their powers at once and convergently.”

resultant adjective US /riˈzʌltənt/

occurring with or following as a consequence

From this reading “No victory is possible save as the resultant of a totality of virtues, no defeat for which some vice or weakness is not responsible.”

Steinmetz noun US /ˈstaɪnmets/

United States electrical engineer and inventor (born in Germany) (1865-1923)

From this reading “The "Philosophie des Krieges," by S. R. Steinmetz is a good example.”

totality noun US /toʊˈtæləti/

the state of being total and complete

From this reading “No victory is possible save as the resultant of a totality of virtues, no defeat for which some vice or weakness is not responsible.”

weighs verb US /weɪz/

third-person singular of “weigh” — have a certain weight

From this reading “War, according to this author, is an ordeal instituted by God, who weighs the nations in its balance.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The "Philosophie des Krieges," by S. R. Steinmetz is a good example.

accordingadjectiveUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with

From this reading War, according to this author, is an ordeal instituted by God, who weighs the nations in its balance.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading It is the essential form of the State, and the only function in which peoples can employ all their powers at once and convergently.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading War, according to this author, is an ordeal instituted by God, who weighs the nations in its balance.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Other militarists are more complex and more moral in their considerations.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Other militarists are more complex and more moral in their considerations.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading No victory is possible save as the resultant of a totality of virtues, no defeat for which some vice or weakness is not responsible.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It is the essential form of the State, and the only function in which peoples can employ all their powers at once and convergently.

authornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading War, according to this author, is an ordeal instituted by God, who weighs the nations in its balance.

balanceverbUS /ˈbæləns/

bring into balance or equilibrium

From this reading War, according to this author, is an ordeal instituted by God, who weighs the nations in its balance.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The "Philosophie des Krieges," by S. R. Steinmetz is a good example.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading It is the essential form of the State, and the only function in which peoples can employ all their powers at once and convergently.

complexnounUS /ˈkɑːmpleks/

a conceptual whole made up of complicated and related parts

From this reading Other militarists are more complex and more moral in their considerations.

considerationsnounUS /kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “consideration” — the process of giving careful thought to something

From this reading Other militarists are more complex and more moral in their considerations.

convergently

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is the essential form of the State, and the only function in which peoples can employ all their powers at once and convergently.

defeatnounUS /dɪˈfiːt/

an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest

From this reading No victory is possible save as the resultant of a totality of virtues, no defeat for which some vice or weakness is not responsible.

desnounUS /des/

a potent estrogen used in medicine and in feed for livestock and poultry

From this reading The "Philosophie des Krieges," by S. R. Steinmetz is a good example.

employverbUS /emˈplɔɪ/

put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose

From this reading It is the essential form of the State, and the only function in which peoples can employ all their powers at once and convergently.

essentialadjectiveUS /eˈsenʃəl/

absolutely necessary; vitally necessary

From this reading It is the essential form of the State, and the only function in which peoples can employ all their powers at once and convergently.

examplenounUS /ɪɡˈzæmpəl/

an item of information that is typical of a class or group

From this reading The "Philosophie des Krieges," by S. R. Steinmetz is a good example.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading No victory is possible save as the resultant of a totality of virtues, no defeat for which some vice or weakness is not responsible.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading It is the essential form of the State, and the only function in which peoples can employ all their powers at once and convergently.

functionnounUS /ˈfʌŋkʃən/

(mathematics) a mathematical relation such that each element of a given set (the domain of the function) is associated with an element of another set (the range of the function)

From this reading It is the essential form of the State, and the only function in which peoples can employ all their powers at once and convergently.

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading War, according to this author, is an ordeal instituted by God, who weighs the nations in its balance.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading The "Philosophie des Krieges," by S. R. Steinmetz is a good example.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Other militarists are more complex and more moral in their considerations.

institutedverbUS /ˈɪnstətuːtɪd/

past form of “institute” — set up or lay the groundwork for

From this reading War, according to this author, is an ordeal instituted by God, who weighs the nations in its balance.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The "Philosophie des Krieges," by S. R. Steinmetz is a good example.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is the essential form of the State, and the only function in which peoples can employ all their powers at once and convergently.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading War, according to this author, is an ordeal instituted by God, who weighs the nations in its balance.

Krieges

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The "Philosophie des Krieges," by S. R. Steinmetz is a good example.

militaristsnounUS /ˈmɪlətərɪsts/

plural of “militarist” — a person who advocates war or warlike policies

From this reading Other militarists are more complex and more moral in their considerations.

moraladjectiveUS /ˈmɔːrəl/

concerned with principles of right and wrong or conforming to standards of behavior and character based on those principles

From this reading Other militarists are more complex and more moral in their considerations.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Other militarists are more complex and more moral in their considerations.

nationsnounUS /ˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “nation” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading War, according to this author, is an ordeal instituted by God, who weighs the nations in its balance.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading No victory is possible save as the resultant of a totality of virtues, no defeat for which some vice or weakness is not responsible.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading No victory is possible save as the resultant of a totality of virtues, no defeat for which some vice or weakness is not responsible.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It is the essential form of the State, and the only function in which peoples can employ all their powers at once and convergently.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading It is the essential form of the State, and the only function in which peoples can employ all their powers at once and convergently.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading It is the essential form of the State, and the only function in which peoples can employ all their powers at once and convergently.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading No victory is possible save as the resultant of a totality of virtues, no defeat for which some vice or weakness is not responsible.

ordealnounUS /ɔːrˈdiːl/

a severe or trying experience

From this reading War, according to this author, is an ordeal instituted by God, who weighs the nations in its balance.

OtheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Other militarists are more complex and more moral in their considerations.

peoplesnounUS /ˈpiːpəlz/

the human beings of a particular nation or community or ethnic group

From this reading It is the essential form of the State, and the only function in which peoples can employ all their powers at once and convergently.

Philosophie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The "Philosophie des Krieges," by S. R. Steinmetz is a good example.

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading No victory is possible save as the resultant of a totality of virtues, no defeat for which some vice or weakness is not responsible.

powersnounUS /ˈpaʊərz/

plural of “power” — possession of controlling influence

From this reading It is the essential form of the State, and the only function in which peoples can employ all their powers at once and convergently.

RnounUS /ɑːr/

a unit of radiation exposure; the dose of ionizing radiation that will produce 1 electrostatic unit of electricity in 1 cc of dry air

From this reading The "Philosophie des Krieges," by S. R. Steinmetz is a good example.

responsibleadjectiveUS /riˈspɑːnsəbəl/

worthy of or requiring responsibility or trust; or held accountable

From this reading No victory is possible save as the resultant of a totality of virtues, no defeat for which some vice or weakness is not responsible.

resultantadjectiveUS /riˈzʌltənt/

occurring with or following as a consequence

From this reading No victory is possible save as the resultant of a totality of virtues, no defeat for which some vice or weakness is not responsible.

SnounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading The "Philosophie des Krieges," by S. R. Steinmetz is a good example.

saveprepositionUS /seɪv/

except for; apart from

From this reading No victory is possible save as the resultant of a totality of virtues, no defeat for which some vice or weakness is not responsible.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading No victory is possible save as the resultant of a totality of virtues, no defeat for which some vice or weakness is not responsible.

StatenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading It is the essential form of the State, and the only function in which peoples can employ all their powers at once and convergently.

SteinmetznounUS /ˈstaɪnmets/

United States electrical engineer and inventor (born in Germany) (1865-1923)

From this reading The "Philosophie des Krieges," by S. R. Steinmetz is a good example.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The "Philosophie des Krieges," by S. R. Steinmetz is a good example.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Other militarists are more complex and more moral in their considerations.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading War, according to this author, is an ordeal instituted by God, who weighs the nations in its balance.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading War, according to this author, is an ordeal instituted by God, who weighs the nations in its balance.

totalitynounUS /toʊˈtæləti/

the state of being total and complete

From this reading No victory is possible save as the resultant of a totality of virtues, no defeat for which some vice or weakness is not responsible.

vicenounUS /vaɪs/

moral weakness

From this reading No victory is possible save as the resultant of a totality of virtues, no defeat for which some vice or weakness is not responsible.

victorynounUS /ˈvɪktəri/

a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading No victory is possible save as the resultant of a totality of virtues, no defeat for which some vice or weakness is not responsible.

virtuesnounUS /ˈvɜːrtʃuːz/

plural of “virtue” — the quality of doing what is right and avoiding what is wrong

From this reading No victory is possible save as the resultant of a totality of virtues, no defeat for which some vice or weakness is not responsible.

WarnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading War, according to this author, is an ordeal instituted by God, who weighs the nations in its balance.

weaknessnounUS /ˈwiːknəs/

a flaw or weak point

From this reading No victory is possible save as the resultant of a totality of virtues, no defeat for which some vice or weakness is not responsible.

weighsverbUS /weɪz/

third-person singular of “weigh” — have a certain weight

From this reading War, according to this author, is an ordeal instituted by God, who weighs the nations in its balance.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It is the essential form of the State, and the only function in which peoples can employ all their powers at once and convergently.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading War, according to this author, is an ordeal instituted by God, who weighs the nations in its balance.

Chapter 5 of Memories and Studies by William James holds 460 sentences, grouped into 92 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of Memories and Studies contain?

Chapter 5 holds 460 sentences of Memories and Studies, unabridged, divided into 92 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of Memories and Studies by William James exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 460 sentences, grouped into 92 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of Memories and Studies?

Work through the 92 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 92 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 5 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Memories and Studies

Common questions about reading Memories and Studies by William James on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Memories and Studies?

Yes. All 2748 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #20768 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Memories and Studies is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #20768, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Memories and Studies take to read?

About 229 minutes of reading across 550 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Memories and Studies section by section

How to work through Memories and Studies section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Memories and Studies

Words and structures a reader meets early in Memories and Studies, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Longmans
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Memories and Studies; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Green
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Memories and Studies; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fourth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Memories and Studies; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Avenue
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Memories and Studies; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.