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Men of Iron
Men of Iron

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Men of Iron is here in full — 69 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
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It was not until the end of July that the High Court of Chivalry rendered its judgment.
There were many unusual points in the case, some of which bore heavily against Lord Falworth, some of which were in his favor.
He was very ably defended by the lawyers whom the Earl of Mackworth had engaged upon his side; nevertheless, under ordinary circumstances, the judgment, no doubt, would have been quickly rendered against him.
As it was, however, the circumstances were not ordinary, and it was rendered in his favor.
The Court besought the King to grant the ordeal by battle, to accept Lord Falworth's champion, and to appoint the time and place for the meeting.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Men of Iron

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Men of Iron is here in full — 69 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It was not until the end of July that the High Court of Chivalry rendered its judgment.
/ɪt wɑːz nɑːt ənˈtɪl ðə end ʌv ˌdʒuːˈlaɪ ðæt ðə haɪ kɔːrt ʌv ˈʃɪvəlri ˈrendərd ɪts ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/
Line 2
There were many unusual points in the case, some of which bore heavily against Lord Falworth, some of which were in his favor.
Line 3
He was very ably defended by the lawyers whom the Earl of Mackworth had engaged upon his side; nevertheless, under ordinary circumstances, the judgment, no doubt, would have been quickly rendered against him.
Line 4
As it was, however, the circumstances were not ordinary, and it was rendered in his favor.
/æz ɪt wɑːz ˌhaʊˈevər ðə ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz wɜːr nɑːt ˈɔːrdəneri ənd ɪt wɑːz ˈrendərd ɪn hɪz ˈfeɪvər/
Line 5
The Court besought the King to grant the ordeal by battle, to accept Lord Falworth's champion, and to appoint the time and place for the meeting.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ably adverb US /ˈeɪbli/

with competence; in a competent capable manner

From this reading “He was very ably defended by the lawyers whom the Earl of Mackworth had engaged upon his side; nevertheless, under ordinary circumstances, the judgment, no doubt, would have been quickly rendered against him.”

appoint verb US /əˈpɔɪnt/

create and charge with a task or function

From this reading “The Court besought the King to grant the ordeal by battle, to accept Lord Falworth's champion, and to appoint the time and place for the meeting.”

champion noun US /ˈtʃæmpiən/

someone who has won first place in a competition

From this reading “The Court besought the King to grant the ordeal by battle, to accept Lord Falworth's champion, and to appoint the time and place for the meeting.”

Chivalry noun US /ˈʃɪvəlri/

courtesy towards women

From this reading “It was not until the end of July that the High Court of Chivalry rendered its judgment.”

defended verb US /dɪˈfendəd/

past form of “defend” — argue or speak in defense of

From this reading “He was very ably defended by the lawyers whom the Earl of Mackworth had engaged upon his side; nevertheless, under ordinary circumstances, the judgment, no doubt, would have been quickly rendered against him.”

July noun US /ˌdʒuːˈlaɪ/

the month following June and preceding August

From this reading “It was not until the end of July that the High Court of Chivalry rendered its judgment.”

lawyers noun US /ˈlɔːjərz/

plural of “lawyer” — a professional person authorized to practice law; conducts lawsuits or gives legal advice

From this reading “He was very ably defended by the lawyers whom the Earl of Mackworth had engaged upon his side; nevertheless, under ordinary circumstances, the judgment, no doubt, would have been quickly rendered against him.”

ordeal noun US /ɔːrˈdiːl/

a severe or trying experience

From this reading “The Court besought the King to grant the ordeal by battle, to accept Lord Falworth's champion, and to appoint the time and place for the meeting.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

ablyadverbUS /ˈeɪbli/

with competence; in a competent capable manner

From this reading He was very ably defended by the lawyers whom the Earl of Mackworth had engaged upon his side; nevertheless, under ordinary circumstances, the judgment, no doubt, would have been quickly rendered against him.

acceptverbUS /ækˈsept/

consider or hold as true

From this reading The Court besought the King to grant the ordeal by battle, to accept Lord Falworth's champion, and to appoint the time and place for the meeting.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading There were many unusual points in the case, some of which bore heavily against Lord Falworth, some of which were in his favor.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading As it was, however, the circumstances were not ordinary, and it was rendered in his favor.

appointverbUS /əˈpɔɪnt/

create and charge with a task or function

From this reading The Court besought the King to grant the ordeal by battle, to accept Lord Falworth's champion, and to appoint the time and place for the meeting.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As it was, however, the circumstances were not ordinary, and it was rendered in his favor.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading The Court besought the King to grant the ordeal by battle, to accept Lord Falworth's champion, and to appoint the time and place for the meeting.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading He was very ably defended by the lawyers whom the Earl of Mackworth had engaged upon his side; nevertheless, under ordinary circumstances, the judgment, no doubt, would have been quickly rendered against him.

besought

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Court besought the King to grant the ordeal by battle, to accept Lord Falworth's champion, and to appoint the time and place for the meeting.

boreverbUS /bɔːr/

cause to be bored

From this reading There were many unusual points in the case, some of which bore heavily against Lord Falworth, some of which were in his favor.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading He was very ably defended by the lawyers whom the Earl of Mackworth had engaged upon his side; nevertheless, under ordinary circumstances, the judgment, no doubt, would have been quickly rendered against him.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading There were many unusual points in the case, some of which bore heavily against Lord Falworth, some of which were in his favor.

championnounUS /ˈtʃæmpiən/

someone who has won first place in a competition

From this reading The Court besought the King to grant the ordeal by battle, to accept Lord Falworth's champion, and to appoint the time and place for the meeting.

ChivalrynounUS /ˈʃɪvəlri/

courtesy towards women

From this reading It was not until the end of July that the High Court of Chivalry rendered its judgment.

circumstancesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading He was very ably defended by the lawyers whom the Earl of Mackworth had engaged upon his side; nevertheless, under ordinary circumstances, the judgment, no doubt, would have been quickly rendered against him.

CourtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading It was not until the end of July that the High Court of Chivalry rendered its judgment.

defendedverbUS /dɪˈfendəd/

past form of “defend” — argue or speak in defense of

From this reading He was very ably defended by the lawyers whom the Earl of Mackworth had engaged upon his side; nevertheless, under ordinary circumstances, the judgment, no doubt, would have been quickly rendered against him.

doubtnounUS /daʊt/

the state of being unsure of something

From this reading He was very ably defended by the lawyers whom the Earl of Mackworth had engaged upon his side; nevertheless, under ordinary circumstances, the judgment, no doubt, would have been quickly rendered against him.

EarlnounUS /ɜːrl/

a British peer ranking below a marquess and above a viscount

From this reading He was very ably defended by the lawyers whom the Earl of Mackworth had engaged upon his side; nevertheless, under ordinary circumstances, the judgment, no doubt, would have been quickly rendered against him.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading It was not until the end of July that the High Court of Chivalry rendered its judgment.

engagedadjectiveUS /enˈɡeɪdʒd/

having ones attention or mind or energy engaged

From this reading He was very ably defended by the lawyers whom the Earl of Mackworth had engaged upon his side; nevertheless, under ordinary circumstances, the judgment, no doubt, would have been quickly rendered against him.

Falworth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were many unusual points in the case, some of which bore heavily against Lord Falworth, some of which were in his favor.

Falworth's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Court besought the King to grant the ordeal by battle, to accept Lord Falworth's champion, and to appoint the time and place for the meeting.

favorverbUS /ˈfeɪvər/

promote over another

From this reading There were many unusual points in the case, some of which bore heavily against Lord Falworth, some of which were in his favor.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The Court besought the King to grant the ordeal by battle, to accept Lord Falworth's champion, and to appoint the time and place for the meeting.

grantverbUS /ɡrænt/

let have

From this reading The Court besought the King to grant the ordeal by battle, to accept Lord Falworth's champion, and to appoint the time and place for the meeting.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He was very ably defended by the lawyers whom the Earl of Mackworth had engaged upon his side; nevertheless, under ordinary circumstances, the judgment, no doubt, would have been quickly rendered against him.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading He was very ably defended by the lawyers whom the Earl of Mackworth had engaged upon his side; nevertheless, under ordinary circumstances, the judgment, no doubt, would have been quickly rendered against him.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was very ably defended by the lawyers whom the Earl of Mackworth had engaged upon his side; nevertheless, under ordinary circumstances, the judgment, no doubt, would have been quickly rendered against him.

heavilyadverbUS /ˈhevəli/

to a considerable degree

From this reading There were many unusual points in the case, some of which bore heavily against Lord Falworth, some of which were in his favor.

HighadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading It was not until the end of July that the High Court of Chivalry rendered its judgment.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He was very ably defended by the lawyers whom the Earl of Mackworth had engaged upon his side; nevertheless, under ordinary circumstances, the judgment, no doubt, would have been quickly rendered against him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading There were many unusual points in the case, some of which bore heavily against Lord Falworth, some of which were in his favor.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading As it was, however, the circumstances were not ordinary, and it was rendered in his favor.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading There were many unusual points in the case, some of which bore heavily against Lord Falworth, some of which were in his favor.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was not until the end of July that the High Court of Chivalry rendered its judgment.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading It was not until the end of July that the High Court of Chivalry rendered its judgment.

judgmentnounUS /ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/

an opinion formed by judging something

From this reading It was not until the end of July that the High Court of Chivalry rendered its judgment.

JulynounUS /ˌdʒuːˈlaɪ/

the month following June and preceding August

From this reading It was not until the end of July that the High Court of Chivalry rendered its judgment.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading The Court besought the King to grant the ordeal by battle, to accept Lord Falworth's champion, and to appoint the time and place for the meeting.

lawyersnounUS /ˈlɔːjərz/

plural of “lawyer” — a professional person authorized to practice law; conducts lawsuits or gives legal advice

From this reading He was very ably defended by the lawyers whom the Earl of Mackworth had engaged upon his side; nevertheless, under ordinary circumstances, the judgment, no doubt, would have been quickly rendered against him.

LordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading There were many unusual points in the case, some of which bore heavily against Lord Falworth, some of which were in his favor.

Mackworth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was very ably defended by the lawyers whom the Earl of Mackworth had engaged upon his side; nevertheless, under ordinary circumstances, the judgment, no doubt, would have been quickly rendered against him.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading There were many unusual points in the case, some of which bore heavily against Lord Falworth, some of which were in his favor.

meetingnounUS /ˈmiːtɪŋ/

a formally arranged gathering

From this reading The Court besought the King to grant the ordeal by battle, to accept Lord Falworth's champion, and to appoint the time and place for the meeting.

neverthelessadverbUS /ˌnevərðəˈles/

in spite of what has just been said

From this reading He was very ably defended by the lawyers whom the Earl of Mackworth had engaged upon his side; nevertheless, under ordinary circumstances, the judgment, no doubt, would have been quickly rendered against him.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading He was very ably defended by the lawyers whom the Earl of Mackworth had engaged upon his side; nevertheless, under ordinary circumstances, the judgment, no doubt, would have been quickly rendered against him.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It was not until the end of July that the High Court of Chivalry rendered its judgment.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It was not until the end of July that the High Court of Chivalry rendered its judgment.

ordealnounUS /ɔːrˈdiːl/

a severe or trying experience

From this reading The Court besought the King to grant the ordeal by battle, to accept Lord Falworth's champion, and to appoint the time and place for the meeting.

ordinarynounUS /ˈɔːrdəneri/

a judge of a probate court

From this reading He was very ably defended by the lawyers whom the Earl of Mackworth had engaged upon his side; nevertheless, under ordinary circumstances, the judgment, no doubt, would have been quickly rendered against him.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading The Court besought the King to grant the ordeal by battle, to accept Lord Falworth's champion, and to appoint the time and place for the meeting.

pointsnounUS /pɔɪnts/

plural of “point” — a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading There were many unusual points in the case, some of which bore heavily against Lord Falworth, some of which were in his favor.

quicklyadverbUS /ˈkwɪkli/

with speed

From this reading He was very ably defended by the lawyers whom the Earl of Mackworth had engaged upon his side; nevertheless, under ordinary circumstances, the judgment, no doubt, would have been quickly rendered against him.

renderedverbUS /ˈrendərd/

past form of “render” — cause to become

From this reading It was not until the end of July that the High Court of Chivalry rendered its judgment.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading He was very ably defended by the lawyers whom the Earl of Mackworth had engaged upon his side; nevertheless, under ordinary circumstances, the judgment, no doubt, would have been quickly rendered against him.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading There were many unusual points in the case, some of which bore heavily against Lord Falworth, some of which were in his favor.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was not until the end of July that the High Court of Chivalry rendered its judgment.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It was not until the end of July that the High Court of Chivalry rendered its judgment.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There were many unusual points in the case, some of which bore heavily against Lord Falworth, some of which were in his favor.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading The Court besought the King to grant the ordeal by battle, to accept Lord Falworth's champion, and to appoint the time and place for the meeting.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The Court besought the King to grant the ordeal by battle, to accept Lord Falworth's champion, and to appoint the time and place for the meeting.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading He was very ably defended by the lawyers whom the Earl of Mackworth had engaged upon his side; nevertheless, under ordinary circumstances, the judgment, no doubt, would have been quickly rendered against him.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading It was not until the end of July that the High Court of Chivalry rendered its judgment.

unusualadjectiveUS /əˈnjuːʒuːəl/

not usual or common or ordinary

From this reading There were many unusual points in the case, some of which bore heavily against Lord Falworth, some of which were in his favor.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading He was very ably defended by the lawyers whom the Earl of Mackworth had engaged upon his side; nevertheless, under ordinary circumstances, the judgment, no doubt, would have been quickly rendered against him.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading He was very ably defended by the lawyers whom the Earl of Mackworth had engaged upon his side; nevertheless, under ordinary circumstances, the judgment, no doubt, would have been quickly rendered against him.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was not until the end of July that the High Court of Chivalry rendered its judgment.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There were many unusual points in the case, some of which bore heavily against Lord Falworth, some of which were in his favor.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading There were many unusual points in the case, some of which bore heavily against Lord Falworth, some of which were in his favor.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He was very ably defended by the lawyers whom the Earl of Mackworth had engaged upon his side; nevertheless, under ordinary circumstances, the judgment, no doubt, would have been quickly rendered against him.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading He was very ably defended by the lawyers whom the Earl of Mackworth had engaged upon his side; nevertheless, under ordinary circumstances, the judgment, no doubt, would have been quickly rendered against him.

Chapter 31 of Men of Iron by Howard Pyle holds 69 sentences, grouped into 14 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Men of Iron contain?

Chapter 31 holds 69 sentences of Men of Iron, unabridged, divided into 14 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Men of Iron by Howard Pyle exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 69 sentences, grouped into 14 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Men of Iron?

Work through the 14 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 14 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading Men of Iron by Howard Pyle on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 3018 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1557 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #1557, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Men of Iron take to read?

About 251 minutes of reading across 604 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Men of Iron

Words and structures a reader meets early in Men of Iron, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Myles
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Men of Iron; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Falworth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Men of Iron; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Eight
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Men of Iron; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Years
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Men of Iron; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.