Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Mercedes of Castile
Mercedes of Castile

Chapter XXVIII

Chapter 28 of Mercedes of Castile is here in full — 117 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Mercedes of Castile
Context Illustration Reading 1/23 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"Mac-Homer, too, in prose or song, By the state-papers of Buffon, To deep researches led; A Gallo-Celtic scheme may botch, To prove the Ourang race were Scotch, Who from the Highlands fled."
Lord John Townshend.
The intelligence of the return of Columbus, and of the important discoveries he had made, spread through Europe like wild-fire.
It soon got to be, in the general estimation, the great event of the age.
For several years afterward, or until the discovery of the Pacific by Balboa, it was believed that the Indies had been reached by the western passage; and, of course, the problem of the earth's spherical shape was held to be solved by actual experiment.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Mercedes of Castile

Chapter XXVIII

Chapter 28 of Mercedes of Castile is here in full — 117 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/23 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"Mac-Homer, too, in prose or song, By the state-papers of Buffon, To deep researches led; A Gallo-Celtic scheme may botch, To prove the Ourang race were Scotch, Who from the Highlands fled."
Line 2
Lord John Townshend.
Line 3
The intelligence of the return of Columbus, and of the important discoveries he had made, spread through Europe like wild-fire.
Line 4
It soon got to be, in the general estimation, the great event of the age.
/ɪt suːn ɡɑːt tuː biː ɪn ðə ˈdʒenərəl ˌestəˈmeɪʃən ðə ɡreɪt ɪˈvent ʌv ðə eɪdʒ/
Line 5
For several years afterward, or until the discovery of the Pacific by Balboa, it was believed that the Indies had been reached by the western passage; and, of course, the problem of the earth's spherical shape was held to be solved by actual experiment.
/fɔːr ˈsevrəl jɪrz ˈæftərwərd ɔːr ənˈtɪl ðə dɪˈskʌvəri ʌv ðə pəˈsɪfɪk baɪ bɑːlˈboʊə ɪt wɑːz bɪˈliːvd ðæt ðə ˈɪndiz hæd bɪn riːtʃt baɪ ðə ˈwestərn ˈpæsədʒ ənd ʌv kɔːrs ðə ˈprɑːbləm ʌv ðə ɜːrθs ˈsferɪkəl ʃeɪp wɑːz held tuː biː sɑːlvd baɪ ˈæktʃəwəl ɪkˈsperəmənt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Balboa noun US /bɑːlˈboʊə/

the basic unit of money in Panama; equal to 100 centesimos

From this reading “For several years afterward, or until the discovery of the Pacific by Balboa, it was believed that the Indies had been reached by the western passage; and, of course, the problem of the earth's spherical shape was held to be solved by actual experiment.”

botch noun US /bɑːtʃ/

an embarrassing mistake

From this reading “"Mac-Homer, too, in prose or song, By the state-papers of Buffon, To deep researches led; A Gallo-Celtic scheme may botch, To prove the Ourang race were Scotch, Who from the Highlands fled."”

earth's noun US /ɜːrθs/

possessive form of “earth” — the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading “For several years afterward, or until the discovery of the Pacific by Balboa, it was believed that the Indies had been reached by the western passage; and, of course, the problem of the earth's spherical shape was held to be solved by actual experiment.”

estimation noun US /ˌestəˈmeɪʃən/

a document appraising the value of something (as for insurance or taxation)

From this reading “It soon got to be, in the general estimation, the great event of the age.”

Highlands noun US /ˈhaɪləndz/

a mountainous region of northern Scotland famous for its rugged beauty; known for the style of dress (the kilt and tartan) and the clan system (now in disuse)

From this reading “"Mac-Homer, too, in prose or song, By the state-papers of Buffon, To deep researches led; A Gallo-Celtic scheme may botch, To prove the Ourang race were Scotch, Who from the Highlands fled."”

Indies noun US /ˈɪndiz/

plural of “indie” — a pop group not affiliated with a major record company

From this reading “For several years afterward, or until the discovery of the Pacific by Balboa, it was believed that the Indies had been reached by the western passage; and, of course, the problem of the earth's spherical shape was held to be solved by actual experiment.”

researches noun US /riˈsɜːrtʃɪz/

plural of “research” — systematic investigation to establish facts

From this reading “"Mac-Homer, too, in prose or song, By the state-papers of Buffon, To deep researches led; A Gallo-Celtic scheme may botch, To prove the Ourang race were Scotch, Who from the Highlands fled."”

spherical adjective US /ˈsferɪkəl/

of or relating to spheres or resembling a sphere

From this reading “For several years afterward, or until the discovery of the Pacific by Balboa, it was believed that the Indies had been reached by the western passage; and, of course, the problem of the earth's spherical shape was held to be solved by actual experiment.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

important discoveries adjective + noun counted as “important discovery”

In this reading “The intelligence of the return of Columbus, and of the important discoveries he had made, spread through Europe like wild-fire.”

several years adjective + noun

In this reading “For several years afterward, or until the discovery of the Pacific by Balboa, it was believed that the Indies had been reached by the western passage; and, of course, the problem of the earth's spherical shape was held to be solved by actual experiment.”

great event adjective + noun

In this reading “It soon got to be, in the general estimation, the great event of the age.”

of course preposition + noun

as might be expected

In this reading “For several years afterward, or until the discovery of the Pacific by Balboa, it was believed that the Indies had been reached by the western passage; and, of course, the problem of the earth's spherical shape was held to be solved by actual experiment.”

spread through verb + particle

In this reading “The intelligence of the return of Columbus, and of the important discoveries he had made, spread through Europe like wild-fire.”

in prose preposition + noun

In this reading “"Mac-Homer, too, in prose or song, By the state-papers of Buffon, To deep researches led; A Gallo-Celtic scheme may botch, To prove the Ourang race were Scotch, Who from the Highlands fled."”

All words in this reading · 80

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading "Mac-Homer, too, in prose or song, By the state-papers of Buffon, To deep researches led; A Gallo-Celtic scheme may botch, To prove the Ourang race were Scotch, Who from the Highlands fled."

actualadjectiveUS /ˈæktʃəwəl/

presently existing in fact and not merely potential or possible

From this reading For several years afterward, or until the discovery of the Pacific by Balboa, it was believed that the Indies had been reached by the western passage; and, of course, the problem of the earth's spherical shape was held to be solved by actual experiment.

afterwardadverbUS /ˈæftərwərd/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading For several years afterward, or until the discovery of the Pacific by Balboa, it was believed that the Indies had been reached by the western passage; and, of course, the problem of the earth's spherical shape was held to be solved by actual experiment.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading It soon got to be, in the general estimation, the great event of the age.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The intelligence of the return of Columbus, and of the important discoveries he had made, spread through Europe like wild-fire.

BalboanounUS /bɑːlˈboʊə/

the basic unit of money in Panama; equal to 100 centesimos

From this reading For several years afterward, or until the discovery of the Pacific by Balboa, it was believed that the Indies had been reached by the western passage; and, of course, the problem of the earth's spherical shape was held to be solved by actual experiment.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It soon got to be, in the general estimation, the great event of the age.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading For several years afterward, or until the discovery of the Pacific by Balboa, it was believed that the Indies had been reached by the western passage; and, of course, the problem of the earth's spherical shape was held to be solved by actual experiment.

believedverbUS /bɪˈliːvd/

past form of “believe” — accept as true; take to be true

From this reading For several years afterward, or until the discovery of the Pacific by Balboa, it was believed that the Indies had been reached by the western passage; and, of course, the problem of the earth's spherical shape was held to be solved by actual experiment.

botchnounUS /bɑːtʃ/

an embarrassing mistake

From this reading "Mac-Homer, too, in prose or song, By the state-papers of Buffon, To deep researches led; A Gallo-Celtic scheme may botch, To prove the Ourang race were Scotch, Who from the Highlands fled."

Buffon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Mac-Homer, too, in prose or song, By the state-papers of Buffon, To deep researches led; A Gallo-Celtic scheme may botch, To prove the Ourang race were Scotch, Who from the Highlands fled."

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading "Mac-Homer, too, in prose or song, By the state-papers of Buffon, To deep researches led; A Gallo-Celtic scheme may botch, To prove the Ourang race were Scotch, Who from the Highlands fled."

ColumbusnounUS /kəˈlʌmbəs/

the state capital of Ohio; located in the center of the state; site of Ohio State University

From this reading The intelligence of the return of Columbus, and of the important discoveries he had made, spread through Europe like wild-fire.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading For several years afterward, or until the discovery of the Pacific by Balboa, it was believed that the Indies had been reached by the western passage; and, of course, the problem of the earth's spherical shape was held to be solved by actual experiment.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading "Mac-Homer, too, in prose or song, By the state-papers of Buffon, To deep researches led; A Gallo-Celtic scheme may botch, To prove the Ourang race were Scotch, Who from the Highlands fled."

discoveriesnounUS /dɪˈskʌvəriz/

plural of “discovery” — the act of discovering something

From this reading The intelligence of the return of Columbus, and of the important discoveries he had made, spread through Europe like wild-fire.

discoverynounUS /dɪˈskʌvəri/

the act of discovering something

From this reading For several years afterward, or until the discovery of the Pacific by Balboa, it was believed that the Indies had been reached by the western passage; and, of course, the problem of the earth's spherical shape was held to be solved by actual experiment.

earth'snounUS /ɜːrθs/

possessive form of “earth” — the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading For several years afterward, or until the discovery of the Pacific by Balboa, it was believed that the Indies had been reached by the western passage; and, of course, the problem of the earth's spherical shape was held to be solved by actual experiment.

estimationnounUS /ˌestəˈmeɪʃən/

a document appraising the value of something (as for insurance or taxation)

From this reading It soon got to be, in the general estimation, the great event of the age.

EuropenounUS /ˈjʊrəp/

the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use “Europe” to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles

From this reading The intelligence of the return of Columbus, and of the important discoveries he had made, spread through Europe like wild-fire.

eventnounUS /ɪˈvent/

something that happens at a given place and time

From this reading It soon got to be, in the general estimation, the great event of the age.

experimentnounUS /ɪkˈsperəmənt/

the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation

From this reading For several years afterward, or until the discovery of the Pacific by Balboa, it was believed that the Indies had been reached by the western passage; and, of course, the problem of the earth's spherical shape was held to be solved by actual experiment.

fledverbUS /fled/

inflected form of “flee” — run away quickly

From this reading "Mac-Homer, too, in prose or song, By the state-papers of Buffon, To deep researches led; A Gallo-Celtic scheme may botch, To prove the Ourang race were Scotch, Who from the Highlands fled."

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For several years afterward, or until the discovery of the Pacific by Balboa, it was believed that the Indies had been reached by the western passage; and, of course, the problem of the earth's spherical shape was held to be solved by actual experiment.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading "Mac-Homer, too, in prose or song, By the state-papers of Buffon, To deep researches led; A Gallo-Celtic scheme may botch, To prove the Ourang race were Scotch, Who from the Highlands fled."

Gallo-Celtic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Mac-Homer, too, in prose or song, By the state-papers of Buffon, To deep researches led; A Gallo-Celtic scheme may botch, To prove the Ourang race were Scotch, Who from the Highlands fled."

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading It soon got to be, in the general estimation, the great event of the age.

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading It soon got to be, in the general estimation, the great event of the age.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading It soon got to be, in the general estimation, the great event of the age.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The intelligence of the return of Columbus, and of the important discoveries he had made, spread through Europe like wild-fire.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The intelligence of the return of Columbus, and of the important discoveries he had made, spread through Europe like wild-fire.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading For several years afterward, or until the discovery of the Pacific by Balboa, it was believed that the Indies had been reached by the western passage; and, of course, the problem of the earth's spherical shape was held to be solved by actual experiment.

HighlandsnounUS /ˈhaɪləndz/

a mountainous region of northern Scotland famous for its rugged beauty; known for the style of dress (the kilt and tartan) and the clan system (now in disuse)

From this reading "Mac-Homer, too, in prose or song, By the state-papers of Buffon, To deep researches led; A Gallo-Celtic scheme may botch, To prove the Ourang race were Scotch, Who from the Highlands fled."

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading The intelligence of the return of Columbus, and of the important discoveries he had made, spread through Europe like wild-fire.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading "Mac-Homer, too, in prose or song, By the state-papers of Buffon, To deep researches led; A Gallo-Celtic scheme may botch, To prove the Ourang race were Scotch, Who from the Highlands fled."

IndiesnounUS /ˈɪndiz/

plural of “indie” — a pop group not affiliated with a major record company

From this reading For several years afterward, or until the discovery of the Pacific by Balboa, it was believed that the Indies had been reached by the western passage; and, of course, the problem of the earth's spherical shape was held to be solved by actual experiment.

intelligencenounUS /ˌɪnˈtelədʒəns/

the ability to comprehend; to understand and profit from experience

From this reading The intelligence of the return of Columbus, and of the important discoveries he had made, spread through Europe like wild-fire.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It soon got to be, in the general estimation, the great event of the age.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading Lord John Townshend.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading "Mac-Homer, too, in prose or song, By the state-papers of Buffon, To deep researches led; A Gallo-Celtic scheme may botch, To prove the Ourang race were Scotch, Who from the Highlands fled."

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading The intelligence of the return of Columbus, and of the important discoveries he had made, spread through Europe like wild-fire.

LordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading Lord John Townshend.

Mac-Homer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Mac-Homer, too, in prose or song, By the state-papers of Buffon, To deep researches led; A Gallo-Celtic scheme may botch, To prove the Ourang race were Scotch, Who from the Highlands fled."

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The intelligence of the return of Columbus, and of the important discoveries he had made, spread through Europe like wild-fire.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading "Mac-Homer, too, in prose or song, By the state-papers of Buffon, To deep researches led; A Gallo-Celtic scheme may botch, To prove the Ourang race were Scotch, Who from the Highlands fled."

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading "Mac-Homer, too, in prose or song, By the state-papers of Buffon, To deep researches led; A Gallo-Celtic scheme may botch, To prove the Ourang race were Scotch, Who from the Highlands fled."

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading "Mac-Homer, too, in prose or song, By the state-papers of Buffon, To deep researches led; A Gallo-Celtic scheme may botch, To prove the Ourang race were Scotch, Who from the Highlands fled."

Ourang

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Mac-Homer, too, in prose or song, By the state-papers of Buffon, To deep researches led; A Gallo-Celtic scheme may botch, To prove the Ourang race were Scotch, Who from the Highlands fled."

PacificnounUS /pəˈsɪfɪk/

the largest ocean in the world

From this reading For several years afterward, or until the discovery of the Pacific by Balboa, it was believed that the Indies had been reached by the western passage; and, of course, the problem of the earth's spherical shape was held to be solved by actual experiment.

passagenounUS /ˈpæsədʒ/

the act of passing from one state or place to the next

From this reading For several years afterward, or until the discovery of the Pacific by Balboa, it was believed that the Indies had been reached by the western passage; and, of course, the problem of the earth's spherical shape was held to be solved by actual experiment.

problemnounUS /ˈprɑːbləm/

a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved

From this reading For several years afterward, or until the discovery of the Pacific by Balboa, it was believed that the Indies had been reached by the western passage; and, of course, the problem of the earth's spherical shape was held to be solved by actual experiment.

prosenounUS /proʊz/

ordinary writing as distinguished from verse

From this reading "Mac-Homer, too, in prose or song, By the state-papers of Buffon, To deep researches led; A Gallo-Celtic scheme may botch, To prove the Ourang race were Scotch, Who from the Highlands fled."

proveverbUS /pruːv/

be shown or be found to be

From this reading "Mac-Homer, too, in prose or song, By the state-papers of Buffon, To deep researches led; A Gallo-Celtic scheme may botch, To prove the Ourang race were Scotch, Who from the Highlands fled."

racenounUS /reɪs/

any competition

From this reading "Mac-Homer, too, in prose or song, By the state-papers of Buffon, To deep researches led; A Gallo-Celtic scheme may botch, To prove the Ourang race were Scotch, Who from the Highlands fled."

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading For several years afterward, or until the discovery of the Pacific by Balboa, it was believed that the Indies had been reached by the western passage; and, of course, the problem of the earth's spherical shape was held to be solved by actual experiment.

researchesnounUS /riˈsɜːrtʃɪz/

plural of “research” — systematic investigation to establish facts

From this reading "Mac-Homer, too, in prose or song, By the state-papers of Buffon, To deep researches led; A Gallo-Celtic scheme may botch, To prove the Ourang race were Scotch, Who from the Highlands fled."

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading The intelligence of the return of Columbus, and of the important discoveries he had made, spread through Europe like wild-fire.

schemenounUS /skiːm/

an elaborate and systematic plan of action

From this reading "Mac-Homer, too, in prose or song, By the state-papers of Buffon, To deep researches led; A Gallo-Celtic scheme may botch, To prove the Ourang race were Scotch, Who from the Highlands fled."

ScotchnounUS /skɑːtʃ/

a slight surface cut (especially a notch that is made to keep a tally)

From this reading "Mac-Homer, too, in prose or song, By the state-papers of Buffon, To deep researches led; A Gallo-Celtic scheme may botch, To prove the Ourang race were Scotch, Who from the Highlands fled."

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading For several years afterward, or until the discovery of the Pacific by Balboa, it was believed that the Indies had been reached by the western passage; and, of course, the problem of the earth's spherical shape was held to be solved by actual experiment.

shapenounUS /ʃeɪp/

any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline)

From this reading For several years afterward, or until the discovery of the Pacific by Balboa, it was believed that the Indies had been reached by the western passage; and, of course, the problem of the earth's spherical shape was held to be solved by actual experiment.

solvedadjectiveUS /sɑːlvd/

explained or answered

From this reading For several years afterward, or until the discovery of the Pacific by Balboa, it was believed that the Indies had been reached by the western passage; and, of course, the problem of the earth's spherical shape was held to be solved by actual experiment.

songnounUS /sɔːŋ/

a short musical composition with words

From this reading "Mac-Homer, too, in prose or song, By the state-papers of Buffon, To deep researches led; A Gallo-Celtic scheme may botch, To prove the Ourang race were Scotch, Who from the Highlands fled."

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading It soon got to be, in the general estimation, the great event of the age.

sphericaladjectiveUS /ˈsferɪkəl/

of or relating to spheres or resembling a sphere

From this reading For several years afterward, or until the discovery of the Pacific by Balboa, it was believed that the Indies had been reached by the western passage; and, of course, the problem of the earth's spherical shape was held to be solved by actual experiment.

spreadverbUS /spred/

distribute or disperse widely

From this reading The intelligence of the return of Columbus, and of the important discoveries he had made, spread through Europe like wild-fire.

state-papers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Mac-Homer, too, in prose or song, By the state-papers of Buffon, To deep researches led; A Gallo-Celtic scheme may botch, To prove the Ourang race were Scotch, Who from the Highlands fled."

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading For several years afterward, or until the discovery of the Pacific by Balboa, it was believed that the Indies had been reached by the western passage; and, of course, the problem of the earth's spherical shape was held to be solved by actual experiment.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading "Mac-Homer, too, in prose or song, By the state-papers of Buffon, To deep researches led; A Gallo-Celtic scheme may botch, To prove the Ourang race were Scotch, Who from the Highlands fled."

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading The intelligence of the return of Columbus, and of the important discoveries he had made, spread through Europe like wild-fire.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading "Mac-Homer, too, in prose or song, By the state-papers of Buffon, To deep researches led; A Gallo-Celtic scheme may botch, To prove the Ourang race were Scotch, Who from the Highlands fled."

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading "Mac-Homer, too, in prose or song, By the state-papers of Buffon, To deep researches led; A Gallo-Celtic scheme may botch, To prove the Ourang race were Scotch, Who from the Highlands fled."

Townshend

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lord John Townshend.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading For several years afterward, or until the discovery of the Pacific by Balboa, it was believed that the Indies had been reached by the western passage; and, of course, the problem of the earth's spherical shape was held to be solved by actual experiment.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading For several years afterward, or until the discovery of the Pacific by Balboa, it was believed that the Indies had been reached by the western passage; and, of course, the problem of the earth's spherical shape was held to be solved by actual experiment.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading "Mac-Homer, too, in prose or song, By the state-papers of Buffon, To deep researches led; A Gallo-Celtic scheme may botch, To prove the Ourang race were Scotch, Who from the Highlands fled."

westernadjectiveUS /ˈwestərn/

relating to or characteristic of the western parts of the world or the West as opposed to the eastern or oriental parts

From this reading For several years afterward, or until the discovery of the Pacific by Balboa, it was believed that the Indies had been reached by the western passage; and, of course, the problem of the earth's spherical shape was held to be solved by actual experiment.

WhopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading "Mac-Homer, too, in prose or song, By the state-papers of Buffon, To deep researches led; A Gallo-Celtic scheme may botch, To prove the Ourang race were Scotch, Who from the Highlands fled."

wild-fire

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The intelligence of the return of Columbus, and of the important discoveries he had made, spread through Europe like wild-fire.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading For several years afterward, or until the discovery of the Pacific by Balboa, it was believed that the Indies had been reached by the western passage; and, of course, the problem of the earth's spherical shape was held to be solved by actual experiment.

Chapter 28 of Mercedes of Castile by James Fenimore Cooper holds 117 sentences, grouped into 24 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 28 of Mercedes of Castile contain?

Chapter 28 holds 117 sentences of Mercedes of Castile, unabridged, divided into 24 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 28 of Mercedes of Castile by James Fenimore Cooper exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 117 sentences, grouped into 24 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 28 of Mercedes of Castile?

Work through the 24 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 24 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 28 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 28 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Mercedes of Castile

Common questions about reading Mercedes of Castile by James Fenimore Cooper on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Mercedes of Castile?

Yes. All 6180 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #36406 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Mercedes of Castile is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #36406, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Mercedes of Castile take to read?

About 515 minutes of reading across 1236 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Mercedes of Castile section by section

How to work through Mercedes of Castile section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 32 chapters of Mercedes of Castile to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Mercedes of Castile

Words and structures a reader meets early in Mercedes of Castile, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Voyage
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mercedes of Castile; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cathay
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mercedes of Castile; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fenimore
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mercedes of Castile; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cooper
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mercedes of Castile; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.