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Mercia, the astronomer royal: A romance
Mercia, the astronomer royal: A romance

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Mercia, the astronomer royal: A romance is here in full — 45 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Mercia, the astronomer royal: A romance
Context Illustration Reading 1/9 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
For over a hundred years woman had been gradually developing in strength and stature, and had by this time attained as great a height as man formerly possessed.
‘Woman’s weakness’ was an unknown term, except from ancient literature, for owing to the various athletic exercises which for generations had been the universal custom for girls and women to engage in, and also to the increased physical strength attained by abstemiousness from much child-bearing, they had almost overtaken the males in vigour, and endurance.
Courage being the accompaniment of bodily strength the myth of a woman running away from a mouse was regarded as a silly invention of their ancestors for the purpose of pleasantry, or a playful manner of showing up the difference of the organisation of the sexes.
But there were cynics to be found who averred that the comic papers of the nineteenth century in their skits on society gave as true a reflection of its condition, from one point of view, as the most veracious and trustworthy historian could have afforded.
It appeared, indeed, utterly absurd to the twentieth-century mind, when they turned over the leaves of some ancient copy of _Punch_ to see the joke portraying the bald-headed pater looking aghast when the monthly nurse presents him with the twelfth consignment, which are twins!
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Mercia, the astronomer royal: A romance

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Mercia, the astronomer royal: A romance is here in full — 45 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/9 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
For over a hundred years woman had been gradually developing in strength and stature, and had by this time attained as great a height as man formerly possessed.
/fɔːr ˈoʊvər ə ˈhʌndrəd jɪrz ˈwʊmən hæd bɪn ˈɡrædʒuːəli dɪˈveləpɪŋ ɪn streŋkθ ənd ˈstætʃər ənd hæd baɪ ðɪs taɪm əˈteɪnd æz ɡreɪt ə haɪt æz mæn ˈfɔːrmərli pəˈzest/
Line 2
‘Woman’s weakness’ was an unknown term, except from ancient literature, for owing to the various athletic exercises which for generations had been the universal custom for girls and women to engage in, and also to the increased physical strength attained by abstemiousness from much child-bearing, they had almost overtaken the males in vigour, and endurance.
Line 3
Courage being the accompaniment of bodily strength the myth of a woman running away from a mouse was regarded as a silly invention of their ancestors for the purpose of pleasantry, or a playful manner of showing up the difference of the organisation of the sexes.
/ˈkɜːrədʒ ˈbiːɪŋ ðə əˈkʌmpnɪmənt ʌv ˈbɑːdəli streŋkθ ðə mɪθ ʌv ə ˈwʊmən ˈrʌnɪŋ əˈweɪ frʌm ə maʊs wɑːz rɪˈɡɑːrdɪd æz ə ˈsɪli ˌɪnˈvenʃən ʌv ðer ˈænsestərz fɔːr ðə ˈpɜːrpəs ʌv ˈplezəntri ɔːr ə ˈpleɪfəl ˈmænər ʌv ˈʃoʊɪŋ ʌp ðə ˈdɪfərəns ʌv ðə ˌɔːrɡənɪˈzeɪʃən ʌv ðə ˈseksəz/
Line 4
But there were cynics to be found who averred that the comic papers of the nineteenth century in their skits on society gave as true a reflection of its condition, from one point of view, as the most veracious and trustworthy historian could have afforded.
Line 5
It appeared, indeed, utterly absurd to the twentieth-century mind, when they turned over the leaves of some ancient copy of _Punch_ to see the joke portraying the bald-headed pater looking aghast when the monthly nurse presents him with the twelfth consignment, which are twins!

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

consignment noun US /kənˈsaɪnmənt/

goods carried by a large vehicle

From this reading “It appeared, indeed, utterly absurd to the twentieth-century mind, when they turned over the leaves of some ancient copy of _Punch_ to see the joke portraying the bald-headed pater looking aghast when the monthly nurse presents him with the twelfth consignment, which are twins!”

cynics noun US /ˈsɪnɪks/

plural of “cynic” — someone who is critical of the motives of others

From this reading “But there were cynics to be found who averred that the comic papers of the nineteenth century in their skits on society gave as true a reflection of its condition, from one point of view, as the most veracious and trustworthy historian could have afforded.”

myth noun US /mɪθ/

a traditional story accepted as history; serves to explain the world view of a people

From this reading “Courage being the accompaniment of bodily strength the myth of a woman running away from a mouse was regarded as a silly invention of their ancestors for the purpose of pleasantry, or a playful manner of showing up the difference of the organisation of the sexes.”

organisation noun US /ˌɔːrɡənɪˈzeɪʃən/

the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something

From this reading “Courage being the accompaniment of bodily strength the myth of a woman running away from a mouse was regarded as a silly invention of their ancestors for the purpose of pleasantry, or a playful manner of showing up the difference of the organisation of the sexes.”

pater noun US /ˈpeɪtər/

an informal use of the Latin word for father; sometimes used by British schoolboys or used facetiously

From this reading “It appeared, indeed, utterly absurd to the twentieth-century mind, when they turned over the leaves of some ancient copy of _Punch_ to see the joke portraying the bald-headed pater looking aghast when the monthly nurse presents him with the twelfth consignment, which are twins!”

pleasantry noun US /ˈplezəntri/

an agreeable or amusing remark

From this reading “Courage being the accompaniment of bodily strength the myth of a woman running away from a mouse was regarded as a silly invention of their ancestors for the purpose of pleasantry, or a playful manner of showing up the difference of the organisation of the sexes.”

portraying noun US /pɔːrˈtreɪɪŋ/

a representation by picture or portraiture

From this reading “It appeared, indeed, utterly absurd to the twentieth-century mind, when they turned over the leaves of some ancient copy of _Punch_ to see the joke portraying the bald-headed pater looking aghast when the monthly nurse presents him with the twelfth consignment, which are twins!”

skits noun US /skɪts/

plural of “skit” — a short theatrical episode

From this reading “But there were cynics to be found who averred that the comic papers of the nineteenth century in their skits on society gave as true a reflection of its condition, from one point of view, as the most veracious and trustworthy historian could have afforded.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

nineteenth century adjective + noun

In this reading “But there were cynics to be found who averred that the comic papers of the nineteenth century in their skits on society gave as true a reflection of its condition, from one point of view, as the most veracious and trustworthy historian could have afforded.”

athletic exercises adjective + noun counted as “athletic exercise”

In this reading “‘Woman’s weakness’ was an unknown term, except from ancient literature, for owing to the various athletic exercises which for generations had been the universal custom for girls and women to engage in, and also to the increased physical strength attained by abstemiousness from much child-bearing, they had almost overtaken the males in vigour, and endurance.”

physical strength adjective + noun

In this reading “‘Woman’s weakness’ was an unknown term, except from ancient literature, for owing to the various athletic exercises which for generations had been the universal custom for girls and women to engage in, and also to the increased physical strength attained by abstemiousness from much child-bearing, they had almost overtaken the males in vigour, and endurance.”

comic papers adjective + noun

In this reading “But there were cynics to be found who averred that the comic papers of the nineteenth century in their skits on society gave as true a reflection of its condition, from one point of view, as the most veracious and trustworthy historian could have afforded.”

utterly absurd adverb + adjective

In this reading “It appeared, indeed, utterly absurd to the twentieth-century mind, when they turned over the leaves of some ancient copy of _Punch_ to see the joke portraying the bald-headed pater looking aghast when the monthly nurse presents him with the twelfth consignment, which are twins!”

hundred years noun + noun

In this reading “For over a hundred years woman had been gradually developing in strength and stature, and had by this time attained as great a height as man formerly possessed.”

for the purpose preposition + article + noun counted as “for … purpose”

In this reading “Courage being the accompaniment of bodily strength the myth of a woman running away from a mouse was regarded as a silly invention of their ancestors for the purpose of pleasantry, or a playful manner of showing up the difference of the organisation of the sexes.”

copy of verb + particle

In this reading “It appeared, indeed, utterly absurd to the twentieth-century mind, when they turned over the leaves of some ancient copy of _Punch_ to see the joke portraying the bald-headed pater looking aghast when the monthly nurse presents him with the twelfth consignment, which are twins!”

All words in this reading · 143

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading For over a hundred years woman had been gradually developing in strength and stature, and had by this time attained as great a height as man formerly possessed.

abstemiousnessnoun

restricted to bare necessities

From this reading ‘Woman’s weakness’ was an unknown term, except from ancient literature, for owing to the various athletic exercises which for generations had been the universal custom for girls and women to engage in, and also to the increased physical strength attained by abstemiousness from much child-bearing, they had almost overtaken the males in vigour, and endurance.

absurdadjectiveUS /əbˈsɜːrd/

inconsistent with reason or logic or common sense

From this reading It appeared, indeed, utterly absurd to the twentieth-century mind, when they turned over the leaves of some ancient copy of _Punch_ to see the joke portraying the bald-headed pater looking aghast when the monthly nurse presents him with the twelfth consignment, which are twins!

accompanimentnounUS /əˈkʌmpnɪmənt/

an event or situation that happens at the same time as or in connection with another

From this reading Courage being the accompaniment of bodily strength the myth of a woman running away from a mouse was regarded as a silly invention of their ancestors for the purpose of pleasantry, or a playful manner of showing up the difference of the organisation of the sexes.

affordedverbUS /əˈfɔːrdəd/

past form of “afford” — be able to spare or give up

From this reading But there were cynics to be found who averred that the comic papers of the nineteenth century in their skits on society gave as true a reflection of its condition, from one point of view, as the most veracious and trustworthy historian could have afforded.

aghastadjectiveUS /əˈɡæst/

struck with fear, dread, or consternation

From this reading It appeared, indeed, utterly absurd to the twentieth-century mind, when they turned over the leaves of some ancient copy of _Punch_ to see the joke portraying the bald-headed pater looking aghast when the monthly nurse presents him with the twelfth consignment, which are twins!

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading ‘Woman’s weakness’ was an unknown term, except from ancient literature, for owing to the various athletic exercises which for generations had been the universal custom for girls and women to engage in, and also to the increased physical strength attained by abstemiousness from much child-bearing, they had almost overtaken the males in vigour, and endurance.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading ‘Woman’s weakness’ was an unknown term, except from ancient literature, for owing to the various athletic exercises which for generations had been the universal custom for girls and women to engage in, and also to the increased physical strength attained by abstemiousness from much child-bearing, they had almost overtaken the males in vigour, and endurance.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading ‘Woman’s weakness’ was an unknown term, except from ancient literature, for owing to the various athletic exercises which for generations had been the universal custom for girls and women to engage in, and also to the increased physical strength attained by abstemiousness from much child-bearing, they had almost overtaken the males in vigour, and endurance.

ancestorsnounUS /ˈænsestərz/

plural of “ancestor” — someone from whom you are descended (but usually more remote than a grandparent)

From this reading Courage being the accompaniment of bodily strength the myth of a woman running away from a mouse was regarded as a silly invention of their ancestors for the purpose of pleasantry, or a playful manner of showing up the difference of the organisation of the sexes.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading ‘Woman’s weakness’ was an unknown term, except from ancient literature, for owing to the various athletic exercises which for generations had been the universal custom for girls and women to engage in, and also to the increased physical strength attained by abstemiousness from much child-bearing, they had almost overtaken the males in vigour, and endurance.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading For over a hundred years woman had been gradually developing in strength and stature, and had by this time attained as great a height as man formerly possessed.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading It appeared, indeed, utterly absurd to the twentieth-century mind, when they turned over the leaves of some ancient copy of _Punch_ to see the joke portraying the bald-headed pater looking aghast when the monthly nurse presents him with the twelfth consignment, which are twins!

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It appeared, indeed, utterly absurd to the twentieth-century mind, when they turned over the leaves of some ancient copy of _Punch_ to see the joke portraying the bald-headed pater looking aghast when the monthly nurse presents him with the twelfth consignment, which are twins!

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading For over a hundred years woman had been gradually developing in strength and stature, and had by this time attained as great a height as man formerly possessed.

athleticadjectiveUS /æθˈletɪk/

relating to or befitting athletics or athletes

From this reading ‘Woman’s weakness’ was an unknown term, except from ancient literature, for owing to the various athletic exercises which for generations had been the universal custom for girls and women to engage in, and also to the increased physical strength attained by abstemiousness from much child-bearing, they had almost overtaken the males in vigour, and endurance.

attainedadjectiveUS /əˈteɪnd/

achieved or reached

From this reading For over a hundred years woman had been gradually developing in strength and stature, and had by this time attained as great a height as man formerly possessed.

averred

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But there were cynics to be found who averred that the comic papers of the nineteenth century in their skits on society gave as true a reflection of its condition, from one point of view, as the most veracious and trustworthy historian could have afforded.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Courage being the accompaniment of bodily strength the myth of a woman running away from a mouse was regarded as a silly invention of their ancestors for the purpose of pleasantry, or a playful manner of showing up the difference of the organisation of the sexes.

bald-headedadjective

lacking hair on all or most of the scalp

From this reading It appeared, indeed, utterly absurd to the twentieth-century mind, when they turned over the leaves of some ancient copy of _Punch_ to see the joke portraying the bald-headed pater looking aghast when the monthly nurse presents him with the twelfth consignment, which are twins!

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading But there were cynics to be found who averred that the comic papers of the nineteenth century in their skits on society gave as true a reflection of its condition, from one point of view, as the most veracious and trustworthy historian could have afforded.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading For over a hundred years woman had been gradually developing in strength and stature, and had by this time attained as great a height as man formerly possessed.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Courage being the accompaniment of bodily strength the myth of a woman running away from a mouse was regarded as a silly invention of their ancestors for the purpose of pleasantry, or a playful manner of showing up the difference of the organisation of the sexes.

bodilyadverbUS /ˈbɑːdəli/

in bodily form

From this reading Courage being the accompaniment of bodily strength the myth of a woman running away from a mouse was regarded as a silly invention of their ancestors for the purpose of pleasantry, or a playful manner of showing up the difference of the organisation of the sexes.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But there were cynics to be found who averred that the comic papers of the nineteenth century in their skits on society gave as true a reflection of its condition, from one point of view, as the most veracious and trustworthy historian could have afforded.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading For over a hundred years woman had been gradually developing in strength and stature, and had by this time attained as great a height as man formerly possessed.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading But there were cynics to be found who averred that the comic papers of the nineteenth century in their skits on society gave as true a reflection of its condition, from one point of view, as the most veracious and trustworthy historian could have afforded.

child-bearing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ‘Woman’s weakness’ was an unknown term, except from ancient literature, for owing to the various athletic exercises which for generations had been the universal custom for girls and women to engage in, and also to the increased physical strength attained by abstemiousness from much child-bearing, they had almost overtaken the males in vigour, and endurance.

comicadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmɪk/

arousing or provoking laughter

From this reading But there were cynics to be found who averred that the comic papers of the nineteenth century in their skits on society gave as true a reflection of its condition, from one point of view, as the most veracious and trustworthy historian could have afforded.

conditionnounUS /kənˈdɪʃən/

a state at a particular time

From this reading But there were cynics to be found who averred that the comic papers of the nineteenth century in their skits on society gave as true a reflection of its condition, from one point of view, as the most veracious and trustworthy historian could have afforded.

consignmentnounUS /kənˈsaɪnmənt/

goods carried by a large vehicle

From this reading It appeared, indeed, utterly absurd to the twentieth-century mind, when they turned over the leaves of some ancient copy of _Punch_ to see the joke portraying the bald-headed pater looking aghast when the monthly nurse presents him with the twelfth consignment, which are twins!

copynounUS /ˈkɑːpi/

a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)

From this reading It appeared, indeed, utterly absurd to the twentieth-century mind, when they turned over the leaves of some ancient copy of _Punch_ to see the joke portraying the bald-headed pater looking aghast when the monthly nurse presents him with the twelfth consignment, which are twins!

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading But there were cynics to be found who averred that the comic papers of the nineteenth century in their skits on society gave as true a reflection of its condition, from one point of view, as the most veracious and trustworthy historian could have afforded.

CouragenounUS /ˈkɜːrədʒ/

a quality of spirit that enables you to face danger or pain without showing fear

From this reading Courage being the accompaniment of bodily strength the myth of a woman running away from a mouse was regarded as a silly invention of their ancestors for the purpose of pleasantry, or a playful manner of showing up the difference of the organisation of the sexes.

customnounUS /ˈkʌstəm/

accepted or habitual practice

From this reading ‘Woman’s weakness’ was an unknown term, except from ancient literature, for owing to the various athletic exercises which for generations had been the universal custom for girls and women to engage in, and also to the increased physical strength attained by abstemiousness from much child-bearing, they had almost overtaken the males in vigour, and endurance.

cynicsnounUS /ˈsɪnɪks/

plural of “cynic” — someone who is critical of the motives of others

From this reading But there were cynics to be found who averred that the comic papers of the nineteenth century in their skits on society gave as true a reflection of its condition, from one point of view, as the most veracious and trustworthy historian could have afforded.

developingadjectiveUS /dɪˈveləpɪŋ/

relating to societies in which capital needed to industrialize is in short supply

From this reading For over a hundred years woman had been gradually developing in strength and stature, and had by this time attained as great a height as man formerly possessed.

differencenounUS /ˈdɪfərəns/

the quality of being unlike or dissimilar

From this reading Courage being the accompaniment of bodily strength the myth of a woman running away from a mouse was regarded as a silly invention of their ancestors for the purpose of pleasantry, or a playful manner of showing up the difference of the organisation of the sexes.

endurancenounUS /ˈendərəns/

the power to withstand hardship or stress

From this reading ‘Woman’s weakness’ was an unknown term, except from ancient literature, for owing to the various athletic exercises which for generations had been the universal custom for girls and women to engage in, and also to the increased physical strength attained by abstemiousness from much child-bearing, they had almost overtaken the males in vigour, and endurance.

engageverbUS /enˈɡeɪdʒ/

carry out or participate in an activity; be involved in

From this reading ‘Woman’s weakness’ was an unknown term, except from ancient literature, for owing to the various athletic exercises which for generations had been the universal custom for girls and women to engage in, and also to the increased physical strength attained by abstemiousness from much child-bearing, they had almost overtaken the males in vigour, and endurance.

exceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading ‘Woman’s weakness’ was an unknown term, except from ancient literature, for owing to the various athletic exercises which for generations had been the universal custom for girls and women to engage in, and also to the increased physical strength attained by abstemiousness from much child-bearing, they had almost overtaken the males in vigour, and endurance.

exercisesnounUS /ˈeksərsaɪzəz/

plural of “exercise” — the activity of exerting your muscles in various ways to keep fit

From this reading ‘Woman’s weakness’ was an unknown term, except from ancient literature, for owing to the various athletic exercises which for generations had been the universal custom for girls and women to engage in, and also to the increased physical strength attained by abstemiousness from much child-bearing, they had almost overtaken the males in vigour, and endurance.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For over a hundred years woman had been gradually developing in strength and stature, and had by this time attained as great a height as man formerly possessed.

formerlyadverbUS /ˈfɔːrmərli/

at a previous time

From this reading For over a hundred years woman had been gradually developing in strength and stature, and had by this time attained as great a height as man formerly possessed.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading But there were cynics to be found who averred that the comic papers of the nineteenth century in their skits on society gave as true a reflection of its condition, from one point of view, as the most veracious and trustworthy historian could have afforded.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading ‘Woman’s weakness’ was an unknown term, except from ancient literature, for owing to the various athletic exercises which for generations had been the universal custom for girls and women to engage in, and also to the increased physical strength attained by abstemiousness from much child-bearing, they had almost overtaken the males in vigour, and endurance.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading But there were cynics to be found who averred that the comic papers of the nineteenth century in their skits on society gave as true a reflection of its condition, from one point of view, as the most veracious and trustworthy historian could have afforded.

generationsnounUS /ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “generation” — all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading ‘Woman’s weakness’ was an unknown term, except from ancient literature, for owing to the various athletic exercises which for generations had been the universal custom for girls and women to engage in, and also to the increased physical strength attained by abstemiousness from much child-bearing, they had almost overtaken the males in vigour, and endurance.

girlsnounUS /ɡɜːrlz/

plural of “girl” — a young female

From this reading ‘Woman’s weakness’ was an unknown term, except from ancient literature, for owing to the various athletic exercises which for generations had been the universal custom for girls and women to engage in, and also to the increased physical strength attained by abstemiousness from much child-bearing, they had almost overtaken the males in vigour, and endurance.

graduallyadverbUS /ˈɡrædʒuːəli/

in a gradual manner

From this reading For over a hundred years woman had been gradually developing in strength and stature, and had by this time attained as great a height as man formerly possessed.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading For over a hundred years woman had been gradually developing in strength and stature, and had by this time attained as great a height as man formerly possessed.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading For over a hundred years woman had been gradually developing in strength and stature, and had by this time attained as great a height as man formerly possessed.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading But there were cynics to be found who averred that the comic papers of the nineteenth century in their skits on society gave as true a reflection of its condition, from one point of view, as the most veracious and trustworthy historian could have afforded.

heightnounUS /haɪt/

the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base of something to the top

From this reading For over a hundred years woman had been gradually developing in strength and stature, and had by this time attained as great a height as man formerly possessed.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It appeared, indeed, utterly absurd to the twentieth-century mind, when they turned over the leaves of some ancient copy of _Punch_ to see the joke portraying the bald-headed pater looking aghast when the monthly nurse presents him with the twelfth consignment, which are twins!

historiannounUS /hɪˈstɔːriən/

a person who is an authority on history and who studies it and writes about it

From this reading But there were cynics to be found who averred that the comic papers of the nineteenth century in their skits on society gave as true a reflection of its condition, from one point of view, as the most veracious and trustworthy historian could have afforded.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading For over a hundred years woman had been gradually developing in strength and stature, and had by this time attained as great a height as man formerly possessed.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading For over a hundred years woman had been gradually developing in strength and stature, and had by this time attained as great a height as man formerly possessed.

increasedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkriːst/

made greater in size or amount or degree

From this reading ‘Woman’s weakness’ was an unknown term, except from ancient literature, for owing to the various athletic exercises which for generations had been the universal custom for girls and women to engage in, and also to the increased physical strength attained by abstemiousness from much child-bearing, they had almost overtaken the males in vigour, and endurance.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading It appeared, indeed, utterly absurd to the twentieth-century mind, when they turned over the leaves of some ancient copy of _Punch_ to see the joke portraying the bald-headed pater looking aghast when the monthly nurse presents him with the twelfth consignment, which are twins!

inventionnounUS /ˌɪnˈvenʃən/

the creation of something in the mind

From this reading Courage being the accompaniment of bodily strength the myth of a woman running away from a mouse was regarded as a silly invention of their ancestors for the purpose of pleasantry, or a playful manner of showing up the difference of the organisation of the sexes.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It appeared, indeed, utterly absurd to the twentieth-century mind, when they turned over the leaves of some ancient copy of _Punch_ to see the joke portraying the bald-headed pater looking aghast when the monthly nurse presents him with the twelfth consignment, which are twins!

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading But there were cynics to be found who averred that the comic papers of the nineteenth century in their skits on society gave as true a reflection of its condition, from one point of view, as the most veracious and trustworthy historian could have afforded.

jokenounUS /dʒoʊk/

a humorous anecdote or remark intended to provoke laughter

From this reading It appeared, indeed, utterly absurd to the twentieth-century mind, when they turned over the leaves of some ancient copy of _Punch_ to see the joke portraying the bald-headed pater looking aghast when the monthly nurse presents him with the twelfth consignment, which are twins!

leavesnounUS /liːvz/

plural of “leaf” — the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading It appeared, indeed, utterly absurd to the twentieth-century mind, when they turned over the leaves of some ancient copy of _Punch_ to see the joke portraying the bald-headed pater looking aghast when the monthly nurse presents him with the twelfth consignment, which are twins!

literaturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading ‘Woman’s weakness’ was an unknown term, except from ancient literature, for owing to the various athletic exercises which for generations had been the universal custom for girls and women to engage in, and also to the increased physical strength attained by abstemiousness from much child-bearing, they had almost overtaken the males in vigour, and endurance.

lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading It appeared, indeed, utterly absurd to the twentieth-century mind, when they turned over the leaves of some ancient copy of _Punch_ to see the joke portraying the bald-headed pater looking aghast when the monthly nurse presents him with the twelfth consignment, which are twins!

malesnounUS /meɪlz/

plural of “male” — an animal that produces gametes (spermatozoa) that can fertilize female gametes

From this reading ‘Woman’s weakness’ was an unknown term, except from ancient literature, for owing to the various athletic exercises which for generations had been the universal custom for girls and women to engage in, and also to the increased physical strength attained by abstemiousness from much child-bearing, they had almost overtaken the males in vigour, and endurance.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading For over a hundred years woman had been gradually developing in strength and stature, and had by this time attained as great a height as man formerly possessed.

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Courage being the accompaniment of bodily strength the myth of a woman running away from a mouse was regarded as a silly invention of their ancestors for the purpose of pleasantry, or a playful manner of showing up the difference of the organisation of the sexes.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading It appeared, indeed, utterly absurd to the twentieth-century mind, when they turned over the leaves of some ancient copy of _Punch_ to see the joke portraying the bald-headed pater looking aghast when the monthly nurse presents him with the twelfth consignment, which are twins!

monthlynounUS /ˈmʌnθli/

a periodical that is published every month (or 12 issues per year)

From this reading It appeared, indeed, utterly absurd to the twentieth-century mind, when they turned over the leaves of some ancient copy of _Punch_ to see the joke portraying the bald-headed pater looking aghast when the monthly nurse presents him with the twelfth consignment, which are twins!

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading But there were cynics to be found who averred that the comic papers of the nineteenth century in their skits on society gave as true a reflection of its condition, from one point of view, as the most veracious and trustworthy historian could have afforded.

mousenounUS /maʊs/

any of numerous small rodents typically resembling diminutive rats having pointed snouts and small ears on elongated bodies with slender usually hairless tails

From this reading Courage being the accompaniment of bodily strength the myth of a woman running away from a mouse was regarded as a silly invention of their ancestors for the purpose of pleasantry, or a playful manner of showing up the difference of the organisation of the sexes.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading ‘Woman’s weakness’ was an unknown term, except from ancient literature, for owing to the various athletic exercises which for generations had been the universal custom for girls and women to engage in, and also to the increased physical strength attained by abstemiousness from much child-bearing, they had almost overtaken the males in vigour, and endurance.

mythnounUS /mɪθ/

a traditional story accepted as history; serves to explain the world view of a people

From this reading Courage being the accompaniment of bodily strength the myth of a woman running away from a mouse was regarded as a silly invention of their ancestors for the purpose of pleasantry, or a playful manner of showing up the difference of the organisation of the sexes.

nineteenthadjectiveUS /ˈnaɪnˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the eighteenth in position

From this reading But there were cynics to be found who averred that the comic papers of the nineteenth century in their skits on society gave as true a reflection of its condition, from one point of view, as the most veracious and trustworthy historian could have afforded.

nurseverbUS /nɜːrs/

try to cure by special care of treatment, of an illness or injury

From this reading It appeared, indeed, utterly absurd to the twentieth-century mind, when they turned over the leaves of some ancient copy of _Punch_ to see the joke portraying the bald-headed pater looking aghast when the monthly nurse presents him with the twelfth consignment, which are twins!

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Courage being the accompaniment of bodily strength the myth of a woman running away from a mouse was regarded as a silly invention of their ancestors for the purpose of pleasantry, or a playful manner of showing up the difference of the organisation of the sexes.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading But there were cynics to be found who averred that the comic papers of the nineteenth century in their skits on society gave as true a reflection of its condition, from one point of view, as the most veracious and trustworthy historian could have afforded.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading But there were cynics to be found who averred that the comic papers of the nineteenth century in their skits on society gave as true a reflection of its condition, from one point of view, as the most veracious and trustworthy historian could have afforded.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Courage being the accompaniment of bodily strength the myth of a woman running away from a mouse was regarded as a silly invention of their ancestors for the purpose of pleasantry, or a playful manner of showing up the difference of the organisation of the sexes.

organisationnounUS /ˌɔːrɡənɪˈzeɪʃən/

the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something

From this reading Courage being the accompaniment of bodily strength the myth of a woman running away from a mouse was regarded as a silly invention of their ancestors for the purpose of pleasantry, or a playful manner of showing up the difference of the organisation of the sexes.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading For over a hundred years woman had been gradually developing in strength and stature, and had by this time attained as great a height as man formerly possessed.

overtakenverbUS /ˈoʊvərteɪkən/

inflected form of “overtake” — catch up with and possibly overtake

From this reading ‘Woman’s weakness’ was an unknown term, except from ancient literature, for owing to the various athletic exercises which for generations had been the universal custom for girls and women to engage in, and also to the increased physical strength attained by abstemiousness from much child-bearing, they had almost overtaken the males in vigour, and endurance.

owingadjectiveUS /ˈoʊɪŋ/

owed as a debt

From this reading ‘Woman’s weakness’ was an unknown term, except from ancient literature, for owing to the various athletic exercises which for generations had been the universal custom for girls and women to engage in, and also to the increased physical strength attained by abstemiousness from much child-bearing, they had almost overtaken the males in vigour, and endurance.

papersnounUS /ˈpeɪpərz/

writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature)

From this reading But there were cynics to be found who averred that the comic papers of the nineteenth century in their skits on society gave as true a reflection of its condition, from one point of view, as the most veracious and trustworthy historian could have afforded.

paternounUS /ˈpeɪtər/

an informal use of the Latin word for father; sometimes used by British schoolboys or used facetiously

From this reading It appeared, indeed, utterly absurd to the twentieth-century mind, when they turned over the leaves of some ancient copy of _Punch_ to see the joke portraying the bald-headed pater looking aghast when the monthly nurse presents him with the twelfth consignment, which are twins!

physicaladjectiveUS /ˈfɪzɪkəl/

involving the body as distinguished from the mind or spirit

From this reading ‘Woman’s weakness’ was an unknown term, except from ancient literature, for owing to the various athletic exercises which for generations had been the universal custom for girls and women to engage in, and also to the increased physical strength attained by abstemiousness from much child-bearing, they had almost overtaken the males in vigour, and endurance.

playfuladjectiveUS /ˈpleɪfəl/

full of fun and high spirits

From this reading Courage being the accompaniment of bodily strength the myth of a woman running away from a mouse was regarded as a silly invention of their ancestors for the purpose of pleasantry, or a playful manner of showing up the difference of the organisation of the sexes.

pleasantrynounUS /ˈplezəntri/

an agreeable or amusing remark

From this reading Courage being the accompaniment of bodily strength the myth of a woman running away from a mouse was regarded as a silly invention of their ancestors for the purpose of pleasantry, or a playful manner of showing up the difference of the organisation of the sexes.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading But there were cynics to be found who averred that the comic papers of the nineteenth century in their skits on society gave as true a reflection of its condition, from one point of view, as the most veracious and trustworthy historian could have afforded.

portrayingnounUS /pɔːrˈtreɪɪŋ/

a representation by picture or portraiture

From this reading It appeared, indeed, utterly absurd to the twentieth-century mind, when they turned over the leaves of some ancient copy of _Punch_ to see the joke portraying the bald-headed pater looking aghast when the monthly nurse presents him with the twelfth consignment, which are twins!

possessedadjectiveUS /pəˈzest/

influenced or controlled by a powerful force such as a strong emotion

From this reading For over a hundred years woman had been gradually developing in strength and stature, and had by this time attained as great a height as man formerly possessed.

presentsnounUS /ˈprezənts/

plural of “present” — the period of time that is happening now; any continuous stretch of time including the moment of speech

From this reading It appeared, indeed, utterly absurd to the twentieth-century mind, when they turned over the leaves of some ancient copy of _Punch_ to see the joke portraying the bald-headed pater looking aghast when the monthly nurse presents him with the twelfth consignment, which are twins!

PunchverbUS /pʌntʃ/

deliver a quick blow to

From this reading It appeared, indeed, utterly absurd to the twentieth-century mind, when they turned over the leaves of some ancient copy of _Punch_ to see the joke portraying the bald-headed pater looking aghast when the monthly nurse presents him with the twelfth consignment, which are twins!

purposenounUS /ˈpɜːrpəs/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading Courage being the accompaniment of bodily strength the myth of a woman running away from a mouse was regarded as a silly invention of their ancestors for the purpose of pleasantry, or a playful manner of showing up the difference of the organisation of the sexes.

reflectionnounUS /rɪˈflekʃən/

a calm, lengthy, intent consideration

From this reading But there were cynics to be found who averred that the comic papers of the nineteenth century in their skits on society gave as true a reflection of its condition, from one point of view, as the most veracious and trustworthy historian could have afforded.

regardedverbUS /rɪˈɡɑːrdɪd/

past form of “regard” — deem to be

From this reading Courage being the accompaniment of bodily strength the myth of a woman running away from a mouse was regarded as a silly invention of their ancestors for the purpose of pleasantry, or a playful manner of showing up the difference of the organisation of the sexes.

runningadjectiveUS /ˈrʌnɪŋ/

(of fluids) moving or issuing in a stream

From this reading Courage being the accompaniment of bodily strength the myth of a woman running away from a mouse was regarded as a silly invention of their ancestors for the purpose of pleasantry, or a playful manner of showing up the difference of the organisation of the sexes.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading It appeared, indeed, utterly absurd to the twentieth-century mind, when they turned over the leaves of some ancient copy of _Punch_ to see the joke portraying the bald-headed pater looking aghast when the monthly nurse presents him with the twelfth consignment, which are twins!

sexesnounUS /ˈseksəz/

plural of “sex” — activities associated with sexual intercourse

From this reading Courage being the accompaniment of bodily strength the myth of a woman running away from a mouse was regarded as a silly invention of their ancestors for the purpose of pleasantry, or a playful manner of showing up the difference of the organisation of the sexes.

showingnounUS /ˈʃoʊɪŋ/

the display of a motion picture

From this reading Courage being the accompaniment of bodily strength the myth of a woman running away from a mouse was regarded as a silly invention of their ancestors for the purpose of pleasantry, or a playful manner of showing up the difference of the organisation of the sexes.

sillyadjectiveUS /ˈsɪli/

ludicrous, foolish

From this reading Courage being the accompaniment of bodily strength the myth of a woman running away from a mouse was regarded as a silly invention of their ancestors for the purpose of pleasantry, or a playful manner of showing up the difference of the organisation of the sexes.

skitsnounUS /skɪts/

plural of “skit” — a short theatrical episode

From this reading But there were cynics to be found who averred that the comic papers of the nineteenth century in their skits on society gave as true a reflection of its condition, from one point of view, as the most veracious and trustworthy historian could have afforded.

societynounUS /səˈsaɪəti/

an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading But there were cynics to be found who averred that the comic papers of the nineteenth century in their skits on society gave as true a reflection of its condition, from one point of view, as the most veracious and trustworthy historian could have afforded.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading It appeared, indeed, utterly absurd to the twentieth-century mind, when they turned over the leaves of some ancient copy of _Punch_ to see the joke portraying the bald-headed pater looking aghast when the monthly nurse presents him with the twelfth consignment, which are twins!

staturenounUS /ˈstætʃər/

high level of respect gained by impressive development or achievement

From this reading For over a hundred years woman had been gradually developing in strength and stature, and had by this time attained as great a height as man formerly possessed.

strengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading For over a hundred years woman had been gradually developing in strength and stature, and had by this time attained as great a height as man formerly possessed.

termnounUS /tɜːrm/

a word or expression used for some particular thing

From this reading ‘Woman’s weakness’ was an unknown term, except from ancient literature, for owing to the various athletic exercises which for generations had been the universal custom for girls and women to engage in, and also to the increased physical strength attained by abstemiousness from much child-bearing, they had almost overtaken the males in vigour, and endurance.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading But there were cynics to be found who averred that the comic papers of the nineteenth century in their skits on society gave as true a reflection of its condition, from one point of view, as the most veracious and trustworthy historian could have afforded.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading ‘Woman’s weakness’ was an unknown term, except from ancient literature, for owing to the various athletic exercises which for generations had been the universal custom for girls and women to engage in, and also to the increased physical strength attained by abstemiousness from much child-bearing, they had almost overtaken the males in vigour, and endurance.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Courage being the accompaniment of bodily strength the myth of a woman running away from a mouse was regarded as a silly invention of their ancestors for the purpose of pleasantry, or a playful manner of showing up the difference of the organisation of the sexes.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading But there were cynics to be found who averred that the comic papers of the nineteenth century in their skits on society gave as true a reflection of its condition, from one point of view, as the most veracious and trustworthy historian could have afforded.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading ‘Woman’s weakness’ was an unknown term, except from ancient literature, for owing to the various athletic exercises which for generations had been the universal custom for girls and women to engage in, and also to the increased physical strength attained by abstemiousness from much child-bearing, they had almost overtaken the males in vigour, and endurance.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading For over a hundred years woman had been gradually developing in strength and stature, and had by this time attained as great a height as man formerly possessed.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading For over a hundred years woman had been gradually developing in strength and stature, and had by this time attained as great a height as man formerly possessed.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading ‘Woman’s weakness’ was an unknown term, except from ancient literature, for owing to the various athletic exercises which for generations had been the universal custom for girls and women to engage in, and also to the increased physical strength attained by abstemiousness from much child-bearing, they had almost overtaken the males in vigour, and endurance.

trueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading But there were cynics to be found who averred that the comic papers of the nineteenth century in their skits on society gave as true a reflection of its condition, from one point of view, as the most veracious and trustworthy historian could have afforded.

trustworthyadjectiveUS /ˈtrʌstwɜːrði/

worthy of trust or belief

From this reading But there were cynics to be found who averred that the comic papers of the nineteenth century in their skits on society gave as true a reflection of its condition, from one point of view, as the most veracious and trustworthy historian could have afforded.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading It appeared, indeed, utterly absurd to the twentieth-century mind, when they turned over the leaves of some ancient copy of _Punch_ to see the joke portraying the bald-headed pater looking aghast when the monthly nurse presents him with the twelfth consignment, which are twins!

twelfthadjectiveUS /twelfθ/

coming next after the eleventh and just before the thirteenth in position

From this reading It appeared, indeed, utterly absurd to the twentieth-century mind, when they turned over the leaves of some ancient copy of _Punch_ to see the joke portraying the bald-headed pater looking aghast when the monthly nurse presents him with the twelfth consignment, which are twins!

twentieth-century

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It appeared, indeed, utterly absurd to the twentieth-century mind, when they turned over the leaves of some ancient copy of _Punch_ to see the joke portraying the bald-headed pater looking aghast when the monthly nurse presents him with the twelfth consignment, which are twins!

twinsnounUS /twɪnz/

(mineralogy) two interwoven crystals that are mirror images on each other

From this reading It appeared, indeed, utterly absurd to the twentieth-century mind, when they turned over the leaves of some ancient copy of _Punch_ to see the joke portraying the bald-headed pater looking aghast when the monthly nurse presents him with the twelfth consignment, which are twins!

universaladjectiveUS /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəl/

of worldwide scope or applicability

From this reading ‘Woman’s weakness’ was an unknown term, except from ancient literature, for owing to the various athletic exercises which for generations had been the universal custom for girls and women to engage in, and also to the increased physical strength attained by abstemiousness from much child-bearing, they had almost overtaken the males in vigour, and endurance.

unknownadjectiveUS /ənˈnoʊn/

not known

From this reading ‘Woman’s weakness’ was an unknown term, except from ancient literature, for owing to the various athletic exercises which for generations had been the universal custom for girls and women to engage in, and also to the increased physical strength attained by abstemiousness from much child-bearing, they had almost overtaken the males in vigour, and endurance.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Courage being the accompaniment of bodily strength the myth of a woman running away from a mouse was regarded as a silly invention of their ancestors for the purpose of pleasantry, or a playful manner of showing up the difference of the organisation of the sexes.

utterlyadverbUS /ˈʌtərli/

completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers

From this reading It appeared, indeed, utterly absurd to the twentieth-century mind, when they turned over the leaves of some ancient copy of _Punch_ to see the joke portraying the bald-headed pater looking aghast when the monthly nurse presents him with the twelfth consignment, which are twins!

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading ‘Woman’s weakness’ was an unknown term, except from ancient literature, for owing to the various athletic exercises which for generations had been the universal custom for girls and women to engage in, and also to the increased physical strength attained by abstemiousness from much child-bearing, they had almost overtaken the males in vigour, and endurance.

veraciousadjective

habitually speaking the truth

From this reading But there were cynics to be found who averred that the comic papers of the nineteenth century in their skits on society gave as true a reflection of its condition, from one point of view, as the most veracious and trustworthy historian could have afforded.

viewnounUS /vjuː/

a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading But there were cynics to be found who averred that the comic papers of the nineteenth century in their skits on society gave as true a reflection of its condition, from one point of view, as the most veracious and trustworthy historian could have afforded.

vigournoun

forceful exertion

From this reading ‘Woman’s weakness’ was an unknown term, except from ancient literature, for owing to the various athletic exercises which for generations had been the universal custom for girls and women to engage in, and also to the increased physical strength attained by abstemiousness from much child-bearing, they had almost overtaken the males in vigour, and endurance.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading ‘Woman’s weakness’ was an unknown term, except from ancient literature, for owing to the various athletic exercises which for generations had been the universal custom for girls and women to engage in, and also to the increased physical strength attained by abstemiousness from much child-bearing, they had almost overtaken the males in vigour, and endurance.

weaknessnounUS /ˈwiːknəs/

a flaw or weak point

From this reading ‘Woman’s weakness’ was an unknown term, except from ancient literature, for owing to the various athletic exercises which for generations had been the universal custom for girls and women to engage in, and also to the increased physical strength attained by abstemiousness from much child-bearing, they had almost overtaken the males in vigour, and endurance.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading But there were cynics to be found who averred that the comic papers of the nineteenth century in their skits on society gave as true a reflection of its condition, from one point of view, as the most veracious and trustworthy historian could have afforded.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading It appeared, indeed, utterly absurd to the twentieth-century mind, when they turned over the leaves of some ancient copy of _Punch_ to see the joke portraying the bald-headed pater looking aghast when the monthly nurse presents him with the twelfth consignment, which are twins!

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading ‘Woman’s weakness’ was an unknown term, except from ancient literature, for owing to the various athletic exercises which for generations had been the universal custom for girls and women to engage in, and also to the increased physical strength attained by abstemiousness from much child-bearing, they had almost overtaken the males in vigour, and endurance.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading But there were cynics to be found who averred that the comic papers of the nineteenth century in their skits on society gave as true a reflection of its condition, from one point of view, as the most veracious and trustworthy historian could have afforded.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It appeared, indeed, utterly absurd to the twentieth-century mind, when they turned over the leaves of some ancient copy of _Punch_ to see the joke portraying the bald-headed pater looking aghast when the monthly nurse presents him with the twelfth consignment, which are twins!

womannounUS /ˈwʊmən/

an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading For over a hundred years woman had been gradually developing in strength and stature, and had by this time attained as great a height as man formerly possessed.

Woman'snounUS /ˈwʊmənz/

possessive form of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading ‘Woman’s weakness’ was an unknown term, except from ancient literature, for owing to the various athletic exercises which for generations had been the universal custom for girls and women to engage in, and also to the increased physical strength attained by abstemiousness from much child-bearing, they had almost overtaken the males in vigour, and endurance.

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading ‘Woman’s weakness’ was an unknown term, except from ancient literature, for owing to the various athletic exercises which for generations had been the universal custom for girls and women to engage in, and also to the increased physical strength attained by abstemiousness from much child-bearing, they had almost overtaken the males in vigour, and endurance.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading For over a hundred years woman had been gradually developing in strength and stature, and had by this time attained as great a height as man formerly possessed.

Chapter 2 of Mercia, the astronomer royal: A romance by A. Garland Mears holds 45 sentences, grouped into 9 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Mercia, the astronomer royal: A romance contain?

Chapter 2 holds 45 sentences of Mercia, the astronomer royal: A romance, unabridged, divided into 9 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Mercia, the astronomer royal: A romance by A. Garland Mears exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 45 sentences, grouped into 9 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Mercia, the astronomer royal: A romance?

Work through the 9 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 9 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Mercia, the astronomer royal: A romance

Common questions about reading Mercia, the astronomer royal: A romance by A. Garland Mears on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Mercia, the astronomer royal: A romance section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of Mercia, the astronomer royal: A romance to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Mercia, the astronomer royal: A romance

Words and structures a reader meets early in Mercia, the astronomer royal: A romance, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Mercia, the astronomer royal: A romance, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Mercia, the astronomer royal: A romance, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Mercia, the astronomer royal: A romance, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.