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Merrie England in the Olden Time, Vol. 1
Merrie England in the Olden Time, Vol. 1

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Merrie England in the Olden Time, Vol. 1 is here in full — 231 sentences across 47 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Merrie England in the Olden Time, Vol. 1
Context Illustration Reading 1/46 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
“The flow'ry _May_, who from her green lap throws The yellow cowslip and the pale primrose.”
'Tis Flora's holiday, and in ancient times the goddess kept it with joyous festivity.
Ah! those ancient times, they are food for melancholy.
Yet may melancholy be made to “discourse most eloquent music,”-- “O why was England 'merrie' called, I pray you tell me why?-- Because Old England merry was in merry times gone by!
She knew no dearth of honest mirth to cheer both son and sire, But kept it up o'er wassail cup around the Christmas fire.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Merrie England in the Olden Time, Vol. 1

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Merrie England in the Olden Time, Vol. 1 is here in full — 231 sentences across 47 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/46 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
“The flow'ry _May_, who from her green lap throws The yellow cowslip and the pale primrose.”
Line 2
'Tis Flora's holiday, and in ancient times the goddess kept it with joyous festivity.
Line 3
Ah! those ancient times, they are food for melancholy.
Line 4
Yet may melancholy be made to “discourse most eloquent music,”-- “O why was England 'merrie' called, I pray you tell me why?-- Because Old England merry was in merry times gone by!
Line 5
She knew no dearth of honest mirth to cheer both son and sire, But kept it up o'er wassail cup around the Christmas fire.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cowslip noun US /ˈkaʊslɪp/

early spring flower common in British isles having fragrant yellow or sometimes purple flowers

From this reading ““The flow'ry _May_, who from her green lap throws The yellow cowslip and the pale primrose.””

dearth noun US /dɜːrθ/

an acute insufficiency

From this reading “She knew no dearth of honest mirth to cheer both son and sire, But kept it up o'er wassail cup around the Christmas fire.”

eloquent adjective US /ˈeləkwənt/

expressing yourself readily, clearly, effectively

From this reading “Yet may melancholy be made to “discourse most eloquent music,”-- “O why was England 'merrie' called, I pray you tell me why?-- Because Old England merry was in merry times gone by!”

festivity noun US /feˈstɪvəti/

any joyous diversion

From this reading “'Tis Flora's holiday, and in ancient times the goddess kept it with joyous festivity.”

goddess noun US /ˈɡɑːdəs/

a female deity

From this reading “'Tis Flora's holiday, and in ancient times the goddess kept it with joyous festivity.”

mirth noun US /mɜːrθ/

great merriment

From this reading “She knew no dearth of honest mirth to cheer both son and sire, But kept it up o'er wassail cup around the Christmas fire.”

primrose noun US /ˈprɪmroʊz/

any of numerous short-stemmed plants of the genus Primula having tufted basal leaves and showy flowers clustered in umbels or heads

From this reading ““The flow'ry _May_, who from her green lap throws The yellow cowslip and the pale primrose.””

throws noun US /θroʊz/

plural of “throw” — the act of throwing (propelling something with a rapid movement of the arm and wrist)

From this reading ““The flow'ry _May_, who from her green lap throws The yellow cowslip and the pale primrose.””

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

most eloquent adverb + adjective

In this reading “Yet may melancholy be made to “discourse most eloquent music,”-- “O why was England 'merrie' called, I pray you tell me why?-- Because Old England merry was in merry times gone by!”

ancient times adjective + noun

In this reading “'Tis Flora's holiday, and in ancient times the goddess kept it with joyous festivity.”

All words in this reading · 76

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

Ah

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ah! those ancient times, they are food for melancholy.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading 'Tis Flora's holiday, and in ancient times the goddess kept it with joyous festivity.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading “The flow'ry _May_, who from her green lap throws The yellow cowslip and the pale primrose.”

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Ah! those ancient times, they are food for melancholy.

aroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading She knew no dearth of honest mirth to cheer both son and sire, But kept it up o'er wassail cup around the Christmas fire.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Yet may melancholy be made to “discourse most eloquent music,”-- “O why was England 'merrie' called, I pray you tell me why?-- Because Old England merry was in merry times gone by!

BecauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading Yet may melancholy be made to “discourse most eloquent music,”-- “O why was England 'merrie' called, I pray you tell me why?-- Because Old England merry was in merry times gone by!

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading She knew no dearth of honest mirth to cheer both son and sire, But kept it up o'er wassail cup around the Christmas fire.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading She knew no dearth of honest mirth to cheer both son and sire, But kept it up o'er wassail cup around the Christmas fire.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Yet may melancholy be made to “discourse most eloquent music,”-- “O why was England 'merrie' called, I pray you tell me why?-- Because Old England merry was in merry times gone by!

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Yet may melancholy be made to “discourse most eloquent music,”-- “O why was England 'merrie' called, I pray you tell me why?-- Because Old England merry was in merry times gone by!

cheerverbUS /tʃɪr/

give encouragement to

From this reading She knew no dearth of honest mirth to cheer both son and sire, But kept it up o'er wassail cup around the Christmas fire.

ChristmasnounUS /ˈkrɪsməs/

period extending from Dec. 24 to Jan. 6

From this reading She knew no dearth of honest mirth to cheer both son and sire, But kept it up o'er wassail cup around the Christmas fire.

cowslipnounUS /ˈkaʊslɪp/

early spring flower common in British isles having fragrant yellow or sometimes purple flowers

From this reading “The flow'ry _May_, who from her green lap throws The yellow cowslip and the pale primrose.”

cupnounUS /kʌp/

a small open container usually used for drinking; usually has a handle

From this reading She knew no dearth of honest mirth to cheer both son and sire, But kept it up o'er wassail cup around the Christmas fire.

dearthnounUS /dɜːrθ/

an acute insufficiency

From this reading She knew no dearth of honest mirth to cheer both son and sire, But kept it up o'er wassail cup around the Christmas fire.

discoursenounUS /ˈdɪskɔːrs/

extended verbal expression in speech or writing

From this reading Yet may melancholy be made to “discourse most eloquent music,”-- “O why was England 'merrie' called, I pray you tell me why?-- Because Old England merry was in merry times gone by!

eloquentadjectiveUS /ˈeləkwənt/

expressing yourself readily, clearly, effectively

From this reading Yet may melancholy be made to “discourse most eloquent music,”-- “O why was England 'merrie' called, I pray you tell me why?-- Because Old England merry was in merry times gone by!

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading Yet may melancholy be made to “discourse most eloquent music,”-- “O why was England 'merrie' called, I pray you tell me why?-- Because Old England merry was in merry times gone by!

festivitynounUS /feˈstɪvəti/

any joyous diversion

From this reading 'Tis Flora's holiday, and in ancient times the goddess kept it with joyous festivity.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading She knew no dearth of honest mirth to cheer both son and sire, But kept it up o'er wassail cup around the Christmas fire.

Flora's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 'Tis Flora's holiday, and in ancient times the goddess kept it with joyous festivity.

flow'ry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “The flow'ry _May_, who from her green lap throws The yellow cowslip and the pale primrose.”

foodnounUS /fuːd/

any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue

From this reading Ah! those ancient times, they are food for melancholy.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Ah! those ancient times, they are food for melancholy.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading “The flow'ry _May_, who from her green lap throws The yellow cowslip and the pale primrose.”

goddessnounUS /ˈɡɑːdəs/

a female deity

From this reading 'Tis Flora's holiday, and in ancient times the goddess kept it with joyous festivity.

goneadjectiveUS /ɡɔːn/

destroyed or killed

From this reading Yet may melancholy be made to “discourse most eloquent music,”-- “O why was England 'merrie' called, I pray you tell me why?-- Because Old England merry was in merry times gone by!

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading “The flow'ry _May_, who from her green lap throws The yellow cowslip and the pale primrose.”

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading “The flow'ry _May_, who from her green lap throws The yellow cowslip and the pale primrose.”

holidaynounUS /ˈhɑːlədeɪ/

leisure time away from work devoted to rest or pleasure

From this reading 'Tis Flora's holiday, and in ancient times the goddess kept it with joyous festivity.

honestadjectiveUS /ˈɑːnəst/

not disposed to cheat or defraud; not deceptive or fraudulent

From this reading She knew no dearth of honest mirth to cheer both son and sire, But kept it up o'er wassail cup around the Christmas fire.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Yet may melancholy be made to “discourse most eloquent music,”-- “O why was England 'merrie' called, I pray you tell me why?-- Because Old England merry was in merry times gone by!

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading 'Tis Flora's holiday, and in ancient times the goddess kept it with joyous festivity.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading 'Tis Flora's holiday, and in ancient times the goddess kept it with joyous festivity.

joyousadjectiveUS /ˈdʒɔɪəs/

full of or characterized by joy

From this reading 'Tis Flora's holiday, and in ancient times the goddess kept it with joyous festivity.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading 'Tis Flora's holiday, and in ancient times the goddess kept it with joyous festivity.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading She knew no dearth of honest mirth to cheer both son and sire, But kept it up o'er wassail cup around the Christmas fire.

lapverbUS /læp/

lie partly over or alongside of something or of one another

From this reading “The flow'ry _May_, who from her green lap throws The yellow cowslip and the pale primrose.”

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Yet may melancholy be made to “discourse most eloquent music,”-- “O why was England 'merrie' called, I pray you tell me why?-- Because Old England merry was in merry times gone by!

Maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading “The flow'ry _May_, who from her green lap throws The yellow cowslip and the pale primrose.”

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Yet may melancholy be made to “discourse most eloquent music,”-- “O why was England 'merrie' called, I pray you tell me why?-- Because Old England merry was in merry times gone by!

melancholynounUS /ˈmelənkɑːli/

a feeling of thoughtful sadness

From this reading Ah! those ancient times, they are food for melancholy.

merrie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Yet may melancholy be made to “discourse most eloquent music,”-- “O why was England 'merrie' called, I pray you tell me why?-- Because Old England merry was in merry times gone by!

merryadjectiveUS /ˈmeri/

full of or showing high-spirited merriment

From this reading Yet may melancholy be made to “discourse most eloquent music,”-- “O why was England 'merrie' called, I pray you tell me why?-- Because Old England merry was in merry times gone by!

mirthnounUS /mɜːrθ/

great merriment

From this reading She knew no dearth of honest mirth to cheer both son and sire, But kept it up o'er wassail cup around the Christmas fire.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Yet may melancholy be made to “discourse most eloquent music,”-- “O why was England 'merrie' called, I pray you tell me why?-- Because Old England merry was in merry times gone by!

musicnounUS /ˈmjuːzɪk/

an artistic form of auditory communication incorporating instrumental or vocal tones in a structured and continuous manner

From this reading Yet may melancholy be made to “discourse most eloquent music,”-- “O why was England 'merrie' called, I pray you tell me why?-- Because Old England merry was in merry times gone by!

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading She knew no dearth of honest mirth to cheer both son and sire, But kept it up o'er wassail cup around the Christmas fire.

OnounUS /oʊ/

a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust

From this reading Yet may melancholy be made to “discourse most eloquent music,”-- “O why was England 'merrie' called, I pray you tell me why?-- Because Old England merry was in merry times gone by!

o'eradverb

throughout a period of time

From this reading She knew no dearth of honest mirth to cheer both son and sire, But kept it up o'er wassail cup around the Christmas fire.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading She knew no dearth of honest mirth to cheer both son and sire, But kept it up o'er wassail cup around the Christmas fire.

OldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Yet may melancholy be made to “discourse most eloquent music,”-- “O why was England 'merrie' called, I pray you tell me why?-- Because Old England merry was in merry times gone by!

paleadjectiveUS /peɪl/

very light colored; highly diluted with white

From this reading “The flow'ry _May_, who from her green lap throws The yellow cowslip and the pale primrose.”

prayverbUS /preɪ/

address a deity, a prophet, a saint or an object of worship; say a prayer

From this reading Yet may melancholy be made to “discourse most eloquent music,”-- “O why was England 'merrie' called, I pray you tell me why?-- Because Old England merry was in merry times gone by!

primrosenounUS /ˈprɪmroʊz/

any of numerous short-stemmed plants of the genus Primula having tufted basal leaves and showy flowers clustered in umbels or heads

From this reading “The flow'ry _May_, who from her green lap throws The yellow cowslip and the pale primrose.”

ShepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She knew no dearth of honest mirth to cheer both son and sire, But kept it up o'er wassail cup around the Christmas fire.

sireverbUS /ˈsaɪər/

make (offspring) by reproduction

From this reading She knew no dearth of honest mirth to cheer both son and sire, But kept it up o'er wassail cup around the Christmas fire.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading She knew no dearth of honest mirth to cheer both son and sire, But kept it up o'er wassail cup around the Christmas fire.

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading Yet may melancholy be made to “discourse most eloquent music,”-- “O why was England 'merrie' called, I pray you tell me why?-- Because Old England merry was in merry times gone by!

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading “The flow'ry _May_, who from her green lap throws The yellow cowslip and the pale primrose.”

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Ah! those ancient times, they are food for melancholy.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Ah! those ancient times, they are food for melancholy.

throwsnounUS /θroʊz/

plural of “throw” — the act of throwing (propelling something with a rapid movement of the arm and wrist)

From this reading “The flow'ry _May_, who from her green lap throws The yellow cowslip and the pale primrose.”

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading 'Tis Flora's holiday, and in ancient times the goddess kept it with joyous festivity.

TisnounUS /tɪz/

plural of “ti” — a light strong grey lustrous corrosion-resistant metallic element used in strong lightweight alloys (as for airplane parts); the main sources are rutile and ilmenite

From this reading 'Tis Flora's holiday, and in ancient times the goddess kept it with joyous festivity.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Yet may melancholy be made to “discourse most eloquent music,”-- “O why was England 'merrie' called, I pray you tell me why?-- Because Old England merry was in merry times gone by!

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading She knew no dearth of honest mirth to cheer both son and sire, But kept it up o'er wassail cup around the Christmas fire.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Yet may melancholy be made to “discourse most eloquent music,”-- “O why was England 'merrie' called, I pray you tell me why?-- Because Old England merry was in merry times gone by!

wassailverb

celebrate noisily, often indulging in drinking; engage in uproarious festivities

From this reading She knew no dearth of honest mirth to cheer both son and sire, But kept it up o'er wassail cup around the Christmas fire.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading “The flow'ry _May_, who from her green lap throws The yellow cowslip and the pale primrose.”

whynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading Yet may melancholy be made to “discourse most eloquent music,”-- “O why was England 'merrie' called, I pray you tell me why?-- Because Old England merry was in merry times gone by!

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading 'Tis Flora's holiday, and in ancient times the goddess kept it with joyous festivity.

yellowadjectiveUS /ˈjeloʊ/

of the color intermediate between green and orange in the color spectrum; of something resembling the color of an egg yolk

From this reading “The flow'ry _May_, who from her green lap throws The yellow cowslip and the pale primrose.”

YetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Yet may melancholy be made to “discourse most eloquent music,”-- “O why was England 'merrie' called, I pray you tell me why?-- Because Old England merry was in merry times gone by!

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Yet may melancholy be made to “discourse most eloquent music,”-- “O why was England 'merrie' called, I pray you tell me why?-- Because Old England merry was in merry times gone by!

Chapter 3 of Merrie England in the Olden Time, Vol. 1 by George Daniel holds 231 sentences, grouped into 47 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Merrie England in the Olden Time, Vol. 1 contain?

Chapter 3 holds 231 sentences of Merrie England in the Olden Time, Vol. 1, unabridged, divided into 47 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Merrie England in the Olden Time, Vol. 1 by George Daniel exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 231 sentences, grouped into 47 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Merrie England in the Olden Time, Vol. 1?

Work through the 47 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 47 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Merrie England in the Olden Time, Vol. 1

Common questions about reading Merrie England in the Olden Time, Vol. 1 by George Daniel on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Merrie England in the Olden Time, Vol. 1?

Yes. All 2706 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #46331 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Merrie England in the Olden Time, Vol. 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #46331, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Merrie England in the Olden Time, Vol. 1 take to read?

About 225 minutes of reading across 542 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Merrie England in the Olden Time, Vol. 1 section by section

How to work through Merrie England in the Olden Time, Vol. 1 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 15 chapters of Merrie England in the Olden Time, Vol. 1 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Merrie England in the Olden Time, Vol. 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in Merrie England in the Olden Time, Vol. 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Think
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Merrie England in the Olden Time, Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Because
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Merrie England in the Olden Time, Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Virtuous
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Merrie England in the Olden Time, Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Shall
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Merrie England in the Olden Time, Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.