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Messenger No. 48
Messenger No. 48

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Messenger No. 48 is here in full — 96 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Messenger No. 48
Context Illustration Reading 1/19 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
AN ATTACK It could not have been other than an accident which caused Sam to head for this particular spot; but excited as he was Jet believed the man knew they were encamped in the cedars.
The first question in his mind was whether he had best make a stand on the shore, or in the thicket, and the latter course was decided upon.
Sam was not more than two boat lengths from the island when he started, and there would be several moments in which to arrange for a defense before the man could land.
Jim was overhauling the cooked provisions preparatory to feeding the prisoners when his comrade burst into the encampment looking quite as excited as he felt.
"Sam must have come to the conclusion that those who hit him last night were not officers of the law, for he went back to the island, and now is heading straight for this place."
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Messenger No. 48

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Messenger No. 48 is here in full — 96 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/19 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
AN ATTACK It could not have been other than an accident which caused Sam to head for this particular spot; but excited as he was Jet believed the man knew they were encamped in the cedars.
/æn əˈtæk ɪt kʊd nɑːt hæv bɪn ˈʌðər ðæn æn ˈæksədənt wɪtʃ kɑːzd sæm tuː hed fɔːr ðɪs pərˈtɪkjələr spɑːt bʌt ɪkˈsaɪtəd æz hiː wɑːz dʒet bɪˈliːvd ðə mæn nuː ðeɪ wɜːr ɪnˈkæmpt ɪn ðə ˈsiːdərz/
Line 2
The first question in his mind was whether he had best make a stand on the shore, or in the thicket, and the latter course was decided upon.
/ðə fɜːrst ˈkwestʃən ɪn hɪz maɪnd wɑːz ˈweðər hiː hæd best meɪk ə stænd ɑːn ðə ʃɔːr ɔːr ɪn ðə ˈθɪkɪt ənd ðə ˈlætər kɔːrs wɑːz ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd əˈpɑːn/
Line 3
Sam was not more than two boat lengths from the island when he started, and there would be several moments in which to arrange for a defense before the man could land.
/sæm wɑːz nɑːt mɔːr ðæn tuː boʊt leŋkθs frʌm ðə ˈaɪlənd wen hiː ˈstɑːrtɪd ənd ðer wʊd biː ˈsevrəl ˈmoʊmənts ɪn wɪtʃ tuː ərˈeɪndʒ fɔːr ə dɪˈfens bɪˈfɔːr ðə mæn kʊd lænd/
Line 4
Jim was overhauling the cooked provisions preparatory to feeding the prisoners when his comrade burst into the encampment looking quite as excited as he felt.
Line 5
"Sam must have come to the conclusion that those who hit him last night were not officers of the law, for he went back to the island, and now is heading straight for this place."
/sæm mʌst hæv kʌm tuː ðə kənˈkluːʒən ðæt ðoʊz huː hɪt hɪm læst naɪt wɜːr nɑːt ˈɔːfəsərz ʌv ðə lɔː fɔːr hiː went bæk tuː ðə ˈaɪlənd ənd naʊ ɪz ˈhedɪŋ streɪt fɔːr ðɪs pleɪs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cedars noun US /ˈsiːdərz/

plural of “cedar” — any of numerous trees of the family Cupressaceae that resemble cedars

From this reading “AN ATTACK It could not have been other than an accident which caused Sam to head for this particular spot; but excited as he was Jet believed the man knew they were encamped in the cedars.”

encamped verb US /ɪnˈkæmpt/

past form of “encamp” — live in or as if in a tent

From this reading “AN ATTACK It could not have been other than an accident which caused Sam to head for this particular spot; but excited as he was Jet believed the man knew they were encamped in the cedars.”

encampment noun US /ɪnˈkæmpmɪnt/

a site where people on holiday can pitch a tent

From this reading “Jim was overhauling the cooked provisions preparatory to feeding the prisoners when his comrade burst into the encampment looking quite as excited as he felt.”

heading noun US /ˈhedɪŋ/

a line of text serving to indicate what the passage below it is about

From this reading “"Sam must have come to the conclusion that those who hit him last night were not officers of the law, for he went back to the island, and now is heading straight for this place."”

Jet noun US /dʒet/

an airplane powered by one or more jet engines

From this reading “AN ATTACK It could not have been other than an accident which caused Sam to head for this particular spot; but excited as he was Jet believed the man knew they were encamped in the cedars.”

lengths noun US /leŋkθs/

plural of “length” — the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place

From this reading “Sam was not more than two boat lengths from the island when he started, and there would be several moments in which to arrange for a defense before the man could land.”

overhauling verb US /ˈoʊvərhɔːlɪŋ/

-ing form of “overhaul” — travel past

From this reading “Jim was overhauling the cooked provisions preparatory to feeding the prisoners when his comrade burst into the encampment looking quite as excited as he felt.”

preparatory adjective US /prɪˈperətɔːri/

preceding and preparing for something

From this reading “Jim was overhauling the cooked provisions preparatory to feeding the prisoners when his comrade burst into the encampment looking quite as excited as he felt.”

All words in this reading · 104

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The first question in his mind was whether he had best make a stand on the shore, or in the thicket, and the latter course was decided upon.

accidentnounUS /ˈæksədənt/

an unfortunate mishap; especially one causing damage or injury

From this reading AN ATTACK It could not have been other than an accident which caused Sam to head for this particular spot; but excited as he was Jet believed the man knew they were encamped in the cedars.

ANdeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading AN ATTACK It could not have been other than an accident which caused Sam to head for this particular spot; but excited as he was Jet believed the man knew they were encamped in the cedars.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The first question in his mind was whether he had best make a stand on the shore, or in the thicket, and the latter course was decided upon.

arrangeverbUS /ərˈeɪndʒ/

put into a proper or systematic order

From this reading Sam was not more than two boat lengths from the island when he started, and there would be several moments in which to arrange for a defense before the man could land.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading AN ATTACK It could not have been other than an accident which caused Sam to head for this particular spot; but excited as he was Jet believed the man knew they were encamped in the cedars.

ATTACKnounUS /əˈtæk/

(military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons)

From this reading AN ATTACK It could not have been other than an accident which caused Sam to head for this particular spot; but excited as he was Jet believed the man knew they were encamped in the cedars.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading "Sam must have come to the conclusion that those who hit him last night were not officers of the law, for he went back to the island, and now is heading straight for this place."

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Sam was not more than two boat lengths from the island when he started, and there would be several moments in which to arrange for a defense before the man could land.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading AN ATTACK It could not have been other than an accident which caused Sam to head for this particular spot; but excited as he was Jet believed the man knew they were encamped in the cedars.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Sam was not more than two boat lengths from the island when he started, and there would be several moments in which to arrange for a defense before the man could land.

believedverbUS /bɪˈliːvd/

past form of “believe” — accept as true; take to be true

From this reading AN ATTACK It could not have been other than an accident which caused Sam to head for this particular spot; but excited as he was Jet believed the man knew they were encamped in the cedars.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading The first question in his mind was whether he had best make a stand on the shore, or in the thicket, and the latter course was decided upon.

boatnounUS /boʊt/

a small vessel for travel on water

From this reading Sam was not more than two boat lengths from the island when he started, and there would be several moments in which to arrange for a defense before the man could land.

burstverbUS /bɜːrst/

come open suddenly and violently, as if from internal pressure

From this reading Jim was overhauling the cooked provisions preparatory to feeding the prisoners when his comrade burst into the encampment looking quite as excited as he felt.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading AN ATTACK It could not have been other than an accident which caused Sam to head for this particular spot; but excited as he was Jet believed the man knew they were encamped in the cedars.

causedverbUS /kɑːzd/

past form of “cause” — give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally

From this reading AN ATTACK It could not have been other than an accident which caused Sam to head for this particular spot; but excited as he was Jet believed the man knew they were encamped in the cedars.

cedarsnounUS /ˈsiːdərz/

plural of “cedar” — any of numerous trees of the family Cupressaceae that resemble cedars

From this reading AN ATTACK It could not have been other than an accident which caused Sam to head for this particular spot; but excited as he was Jet believed the man knew they were encamped in the cedars.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading "Sam must have come to the conclusion that those who hit him last night were not officers of the law, for he went back to the island, and now is heading straight for this place."

comradenounUS /ˈkɑːmræd/

a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading Jim was overhauling the cooked provisions preparatory to feeding the prisoners when his comrade burst into the encampment looking quite as excited as he felt.

conclusionnounUS /kənˈkluːʒən/

a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration

From this reading "Sam must have come to the conclusion that those who hit him last night were not officers of the law, for he went back to the island, and now is heading straight for this place."

cookedadjectiveUS /kʊkt/

having been prepared for eating by the application of heat

From this reading Jim was overhauling the cooked provisions preparatory to feeding the prisoners when his comrade burst into the encampment looking quite as excited as he felt.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading AN ATTACK It could not have been other than an accident which caused Sam to head for this particular spot; but excited as he was Jet believed the man knew they were encamped in the cedars.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading The first question in his mind was whether he had best make a stand on the shore, or in the thicket, and the latter course was decided upon.

decidedadjectiveUS /ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd/

recognizable; marked

From this reading The first question in his mind was whether he had best make a stand on the shore, or in the thicket, and the latter course was decided upon.

defensenounUS /dɪˈfens/

(military) military action or resources protecting a country against potential enemies

From this reading Sam was not more than two boat lengths from the island when he started, and there would be several moments in which to arrange for a defense before the man could land.

encampedverbUS /ɪnˈkæmpt/

past form of “encamp” — live in or as if in a tent

From this reading AN ATTACK It could not have been other than an accident which caused Sam to head for this particular spot; but excited as he was Jet believed the man knew they were encamped in the cedars.

encampmentnounUS /ɪnˈkæmpmɪnt/

a site where people on holiday can pitch a tent

From this reading Jim was overhauling the cooked provisions preparatory to feeding the prisoners when his comrade burst into the encampment looking quite as excited as he felt.

excitedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈsaɪtəd/

(of persons) excessively affected by emotion

From this reading AN ATTACK It could not have been other than an accident which caused Sam to head for this particular spot; but excited as he was Jet believed the man knew they were encamped in the cedars.

feedingnounUS /ˈfiːdɪŋ/

the act of consuming food

From this reading Jim was overhauling the cooked provisions preparatory to feeding the prisoners when his comrade burst into the encampment looking quite as excited as he felt.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading Jim was overhauling the cooked provisions preparatory to feeding the prisoners when his comrade burst into the encampment looking quite as excited as he felt.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The first question in his mind was whether he had best make a stand on the shore, or in the thicket, and the latter course was decided upon.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading AN ATTACK It could not have been other than an accident which caused Sam to head for this particular spot; but excited as he was Jet believed the man knew they were encamped in the cedars.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Sam was not more than two boat lengths from the island when he started, and there would be several moments in which to arrange for a defense before the man could land.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The first question in his mind was whether he had best make a stand on the shore, or in the thicket, and the latter course was decided upon.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading AN ATTACK It could not have been other than an accident which caused Sam to head for this particular spot; but excited as he was Jet believed the man knew they were encamped in the cedars.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading AN ATTACK It could not have been other than an accident which caused Sam to head for this particular spot; but excited as he was Jet believed the man knew they were encamped in the cedars.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading AN ATTACK It could not have been other than an accident which caused Sam to head for this particular spot; but excited as he was Jet believed the man knew they were encamped in the cedars.

headingnounUS /ˈhedɪŋ/

a line of text serving to indicate what the passage below it is about

From this reading "Sam must have come to the conclusion that those who hit him last night were not officers of the law, for he went back to the island, and now is heading straight for this place."

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading "Sam must have come to the conclusion that those who hit him last night were not officers of the law, for he went back to the island, and now is heading straight for this place."

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The first question in his mind was whether he had best make a stand on the shore, or in the thicket, and the latter course was decided upon.

hitverbUS /hɪt/

cause to move by striking

From this reading "Sam must have come to the conclusion that those who hit him last night were not officers of the law, for he went back to the island, and now is heading straight for this place."

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading AN ATTACK It could not have been other than an accident which caused Sam to head for this particular spot; but excited as he was Jet believed the man knew they were encamped in the cedars.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Jim was overhauling the cooked provisions preparatory to feeding the prisoners when his comrade burst into the encampment looking quite as excited as he felt.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "Sam must have come to the conclusion that those who hit him last night were not officers of the law, for he went back to the island, and now is heading straight for this place."

islandnounUS /ˈaɪlənd/

a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water

From this reading Sam was not more than two boat lengths from the island when he started, and there would be several moments in which to arrange for a defense before the man could land.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading AN ATTACK It could not have been other than an accident which caused Sam to head for this particular spot; but excited as he was Jet believed the man knew they were encamped in the cedars.

JetnounUS /dʒet/

an airplane powered by one or more jet engines

From this reading AN ATTACK It could not have been other than an accident which caused Sam to head for this particular spot; but excited as he was Jet believed the man knew they were encamped in the cedars.

Jim

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Jim was overhauling the cooked provisions preparatory to feeding the prisoners when his comrade burst into the encampment looking quite as excited as he felt.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading AN ATTACK It could not have been other than an accident which caused Sam to head for this particular spot; but excited as he was Jet believed the man knew they were encamped in the cedars.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading Sam was not more than two boat lengths from the island when he started, and there would be several moments in which to arrange for a defense before the man could land.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading "Sam must have come to the conclusion that those who hit him last night were not officers of the law, for he went back to the island, and now is heading straight for this place."

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading The first question in his mind was whether he had best make a stand on the shore, or in the thicket, and the latter course was decided upon.

lawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading "Sam must have come to the conclusion that those who hit him last night were not officers of the law, for he went back to the island, and now is heading straight for this place."

lengthsnounUS /leŋkθs/

plural of “length” — the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place

From this reading Sam was not more than two boat lengths from the island when he started, and there would be several moments in which to arrange for a defense before the man could land.

lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading Jim was overhauling the cooked provisions preparatory to feeding the prisoners when his comrade burst into the encampment looking quite as excited as he felt.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading The first question in his mind was whether he had best make a stand on the shore, or in the thicket, and the latter course was decided upon.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading AN ATTACK It could not have been other than an accident which caused Sam to head for this particular spot; but excited as he was Jet believed the man knew they were encamped in the cedars.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading The first question in his mind was whether he had best make a stand on the shore, or in the thicket, and the latter course was decided upon.

momentsnounUS /ˈmoʊmənts/

plural of “moment” — a particular point in time

From this reading Sam was not more than two boat lengths from the island when he started, and there would be several moments in which to arrange for a defense before the man could land.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Sam was not more than two boat lengths from the island when he started, and there would be several moments in which to arrange for a defense before the man could land.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading "Sam must have come to the conclusion that those who hit him last night were not officers of the law, for he went back to the island, and now is heading straight for this place."

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading "Sam must have come to the conclusion that those who hit him last night were not officers of the law, for he went back to the island, and now is heading straight for this place."

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading AN ATTACK It could not have been other than an accident which caused Sam to head for this particular spot; but excited as he was Jet believed the man knew they were encamped in the cedars.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading "Sam must have come to the conclusion that those who hit him last night were not officers of the law, for he went back to the island, and now is heading straight for this place."

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading "Sam must have come to the conclusion that those who hit him last night were not officers of the law, for he went back to the island, and now is heading straight for this place."

officersnounUS /ˈɔːfəsərz/

plural of “officer” — any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command

From this reading "Sam must have come to the conclusion that those who hit him last night were not officers of the law, for he went back to the island, and now is heading straight for this place."

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The first question in his mind was whether he had best make a stand on the shore, or in the thicket, and the latter course was decided upon.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The first question in his mind was whether he had best make a stand on the shore, or in the thicket, and the latter course was decided upon.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading AN ATTACK It could not have been other than an accident which caused Sam to head for this particular spot; but excited as he was Jet believed the man knew they were encamped in the cedars.

overhaulingverbUS /ˈoʊvərhɔːlɪŋ/

-ing form of “overhaul” — travel past

From this reading Jim was overhauling the cooked provisions preparatory to feeding the prisoners when his comrade burst into the encampment looking quite as excited as he felt.

particularadjectiveUS /pərˈtɪkjələr/

unique or specific to a person or thing or category

From this reading AN ATTACK It could not have been other than an accident which caused Sam to head for this particular spot; but excited as he was Jet believed the man knew they were encamped in the cedars.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading "Sam must have come to the conclusion that those who hit him last night were not officers of the law, for he went back to the island, and now is heading straight for this place."

preparatoryadjectiveUS /prɪˈperətɔːri/

preceding and preparing for something

From this reading Jim was overhauling the cooked provisions preparatory to feeding the prisoners when his comrade burst into the encampment looking quite as excited as he felt.

prisonersnounUS /ˈprɪzənərz/

plural of “prisoner” — a person who is confined; especially a prisoner of war

From this reading Jim was overhauling the cooked provisions preparatory to feeding the prisoners when his comrade burst into the encampment looking quite as excited as he felt.

provisionsnounUS /prəˈvɪʒənz/

a stock or supply of foods

From this reading Jim was overhauling the cooked provisions preparatory to feeding the prisoners when his comrade burst into the encampment looking quite as excited as he felt.

questionverbUS /ˈkwestʃən/

challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading The first question in his mind was whether he had best make a stand on the shore, or in the thicket, and the latter course was decided upon.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading Jim was overhauling the cooked provisions preparatory to feeding the prisoners when his comrade burst into the encampment looking quite as excited as he felt.

SamnounUS /sæm/

a guided missile fired from land or shipboard against an airborne target

From this reading AN ATTACK It could not have been other than an accident which caused Sam to head for this particular spot; but excited as he was Jet believed the man knew they were encamped in the cedars.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading Sam was not more than two boat lengths from the island when he started, and there would be several moments in which to arrange for a defense before the man could land.

shorenounUS /ʃɔːr/

the land along the edge of a body of water

From this reading The first question in his mind was whether he had best make a stand on the shore, or in the thicket, and the latter course was decided upon.

spotnounUS /spɑːt/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading AN ATTACK It could not have been other than an accident which caused Sam to head for this particular spot; but excited as he was Jet believed the man knew they were encamped in the cedars.

standverbUS /stænd/

be standing; be upright

From this reading The first question in his mind was whether he had best make a stand on the shore, or in the thicket, and the latter course was decided upon.

startedverbUS /ˈstɑːrtɪd/

past form of “start” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Sam was not more than two boat lengths from the island when he started, and there would be several moments in which to arrange for a defense before the man could land.

straightadjectiveUS /streɪt/

successive (without a break)

From this reading "Sam must have come to the conclusion that those who hit him last night were not officers of the law, for he went back to the island, and now is heading straight for this place."

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading AN ATTACK It could not have been other than an accident which caused Sam to head for this particular spot; but excited as he was Jet believed the man knew they were encamped in the cedars.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading "Sam must have come to the conclusion that those who hit him last night were not officers of the law, for he went back to the island, and now is heading straight for this place."

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading AN ATTACK It could not have been other than an accident which caused Sam to head for this particular spot; but excited as he was Jet believed the man knew they were encamped in the cedars.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Sam was not more than two boat lengths from the island when he started, and there would be several moments in which to arrange for a defense before the man could land.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading AN ATTACK It could not have been other than an accident which caused Sam to head for this particular spot; but excited as he was Jet believed the man knew they were encamped in the cedars.

thicketnounUS /ˈθɪkɪt/

a dense growth of bushes

From this reading The first question in his mind was whether he had best make a stand on the shore, or in the thicket, and the latter course was decided upon.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading AN ATTACK It could not have been other than an accident which caused Sam to head for this particular spot; but excited as he was Jet believed the man knew they were encamped in the cedars.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading "Sam must have come to the conclusion that those who hit him last night were not officers of the law, for he went back to the island, and now is heading straight for this place."

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading AN ATTACK It could not have been other than an accident which caused Sam to head for this particular spot; but excited as he was Jet believed the man knew they were encamped in the cedars.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Sam was not more than two boat lengths from the island when he started, and there would be several moments in which to arrange for a defense before the man could land.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The first question in his mind was whether he had best make a stand on the shore, or in the thicket, and the latter course was decided upon.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading AN ATTACK It could not have been other than an accident which caused Sam to head for this particular spot; but excited as he was Jet believed the man knew they were encamped in the cedars.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading "Sam must have come to the conclusion that those who hit him last night were not officers of the law, for he went back to the island, and now is heading straight for this place."

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading AN ATTACK It could not have been other than an accident which caused Sam to head for this particular spot; but excited as he was Jet believed the man knew they were encamped in the cedars.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Sam was not more than two boat lengths from the island when he started, and there would be several moments in which to arrange for a defense before the man could land.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading The first question in his mind was whether he had best make a stand on the shore, or in the thicket, and the latter course was decided upon.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading AN ATTACK It could not have been other than an accident which caused Sam to head for this particular spot; but excited as he was Jet believed the man knew they were encamped in the cedars.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading "Sam must have come to the conclusion that those who hit him last night were not officers of the law, for he went back to the island, and now is heading straight for this place."

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Sam was not more than two boat lengths from the island when he started, and there would be several moments in which to arrange for a defense before the man could land.

Chapter 31 of Messenger No. 48 by James Otis holds 96 sentences, grouped into 20 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Messenger No. 48 contain?

Chapter 31 holds 96 sentences of Messenger No. 48, unabridged, divided into 20 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Messenger No. 48 by James Otis exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 96 sentences, grouped into 20 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Messenger No. 48?

Work through the 20 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 20 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Messenger No. 48

Common questions about reading Messenger No. 48 by James Otis on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Messenger No. 48?

Yes. All 3155 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #23627 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Messenger No. 48 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #23627, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Messenger No. 48 take to read?

About 262 minutes of reading across 631 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Messenger No. 48 section by section

How to work through Messenger No. 48 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 32 chapters of Messenger No. 48 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Messenger No. 48

Words and structures a reader meets early in Messenger No. 48, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Messenger No. 48; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Telegraph
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Messenger No. 48; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Tom's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Messenger No. 48; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Venture
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Messenger No. 48; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.