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Messer Marco Polo
Messer Marco Polo

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Messer Marco Polo is here in full — 67 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Messer Marco Polo
Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
And so they set forth with their great train of red, snarling camels and little patient donkeys and slender, nervous horses toward the rising sun.
Behind them the green hills of Palestine died out as a rainbow dies out, and now there was sand before them and now bleak mountains, and by day the wind was swift and hot and by night it was black and cold.
And moons were born and died...
And they passed through the land of the King of Armenia, and they passed Ararat, the mountain where Noah brought his ark to anchor, and where it still is, and where it can be seen still, but cannot be reached, so cold and high and terrible is that mountain.
And they passed ruined Babel, that was built of Nimrod, the first king of the world, and now is desolation.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Messer Marco Polo

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Messer Marco Polo is here in full — 67 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
And so they set forth with their great train of red, snarling camels and little patient donkeys and slender, nervous horses toward the rising sun.
/ənd soʊ ðeɪ set fɔːrθ wɪð ðer ɡreɪt treɪn ʌv red ˈsnɑːrlɪŋ ˈkæməlz ənd ˈlɪtəl ˈpeɪʃənt ˈdɑːŋkiz ənd ˈslendər ˈnɜːrvəs ˈhɔːrsəz təˈwɔːrd ðə ˈraɪzɪŋ sʌn/
Line 2
Behind them the green hills of Palestine died out as a rainbow dies out, and now there was sand before them and now bleak mountains, and by day the wind was swift and hot and by night it was black and cold.
/bɪˈhaɪnd ðem ðə ɡriːn hɪlz ʌv ˈpæləstaɪn daɪd aʊt æz ə ˈreɪnboʊ daɪz aʊt ənd naʊ ðer wɑːz sænd bɪˈfɔːr ðem ənd naʊ bliːk ˈmaʊntənz ənd baɪ deɪ ðə waɪnd wɑːz swɪft ənd hɑːt ənd baɪ naɪt ɪt wɑːz blæk ənd koʊld/
Line 3
And moons were born and died...
/ənd muːnz wɜːr bɔːrn ənd daɪd/
Line 4
And they passed through the land of the King of Armenia, and they passed Ararat, the mountain where Noah brought his ark to anchor, and where it still is, and where it can be seen still, but cannot be reached, so cold and high and terrible is that mountain.
Line 5
And they passed ruined Babel, that was built of Nimrod, the first king of the world, and now is desolation.
/ənd ðeɪ pæst ˈruːənd ˈbæbəl ðæt wɑːz bɪlt ʌv ˈnɪmrɑːd ðə fɜːrst kɪŋ ʌv ðə wɜːrld ənd naʊ ɪz ˌdesəˈleɪʃən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Ararat noun US /ˈærərɑːt/

the mountain peak that Noah's ark landed on as the waters of the great flood receded

From this reading “And they passed through the land of the King of Armenia, and they passed Ararat, the mountain where Noah brought his ark to anchor, and where it still is, and where it can be seen still, but cannot be reached, so cold and high and terrible is that mountain.”

Armenia noun US /ɑːrˈmiːniə/

a landlocked republic in southwestern Asia

From this reading “And they passed through the land of the King of Armenia, and they passed Ararat, the mountain where Noah brought his ark to anchor, and where it still is, and where it can be seen still, but cannot be reached, so cold and high and terrible is that mountain.”

Babel noun US /ˈbæbəl/

(Genesis 11:1-11) a tower built by Noah's descendants (probably in Babylon) who intended it to reach up to heaven; God foiled them by confusing their language so they could no longer understand one another

From this reading “And they passed ruined Babel, that was built of Nimrod, the first king of the world, and now is desolation.”

donkeys noun US /ˈdɑːŋkiz/

plural of “donkey” — the symbol of the Democratic Party; introduced in cartoons by Thomas Nast in 1874

From this reading “And so they set forth with their great train of red, snarling camels and little patient donkeys and slender, nervous horses toward the rising sun.”

Nimrod noun US /ˈnɪmrɑːd/

(Old Testament) a famous hunter

From this reading “And they passed ruined Babel, that was built of Nimrod, the first king of the world, and now is desolation.”

Noah noun US /ˈnoʊə/

the Hebrew patriarch who saved himself and his family and the animals by building an ark in which they survived 40 days and 40 nights of rain; the story of Noah and the flood is told in the Book of Genesis

From this reading “And they passed through the land of the King of Armenia, and they passed Ararat, the mountain where Noah brought his ark to anchor, and where it still is, and where it can be seen still, but cannot be reached, so cold and high and terrible is that mountain.”

Palestine noun US /ˈpæləstaɪn/

a former British mandate on the east coast of the Mediterranean; divided between Jordan and Israel in 1948

From this reading “Behind them the green hills of Palestine died out as a rainbow dies out, and now there was sand before them and now bleak mountains, and by day the wind was swift and hot and by night it was black and cold.”

snarling verb US /ˈsnɑːrlɪŋ/

-ing form of “snarl” — utter in an angry, sharp, or abrupt tone

From this reading “And so they set forth with their great train of red, snarling camels and little patient donkeys and slender, nervous horses toward the rising sun.”

All words in this reading · 85

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Behind them the green hills of Palestine died out as a rainbow dies out, and now there was sand before them and now bleak mountains, and by day the wind was swift and hot and by night it was black and cold.

anchornounUS /ˈæŋkər/

a mechanical device that prevents a vessel from moving

From this reading And they passed through the land of the King of Armenia, and they passed Ararat, the mountain where Noah brought his ark to anchor, and where it still is, and where it can be seen still, but cannot be reached, so cold and high and terrible is that mountain.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading And so they set forth with their great train of red, snarling camels and little patient donkeys and slender, nervous horses toward the rising sun.

AraratnounUS /ˈærərɑːt/

the mountain peak that Noah's ark landed on as the waters of the great flood receded

From this reading And they passed through the land of the King of Armenia, and they passed Ararat, the mountain where Noah brought his ark to anchor, and where it still is, and where it can be seen still, but cannot be reached, so cold and high and terrible is that mountain.

arknounUS /ɑːrk/

(Judaism) sacred chest where the ancient Hebrews kept the two tablets containing the Ten Commandments

From this reading And they passed through the land of the King of Armenia, and they passed Ararat, the mountain where Noah brought his ark to anchor, and where it still is, and where it can be seen still, but cannot be reached, so cold and high and terrible is that mountain.

ArmenianounUS /ɑːrˈmiːniə/

a landlocked republic in southwestern Asia

From this reading And they passed through the land of the King of Armenia, and they passed Ararat, the mountain where Noah brought his ark to anchor, and where it still is, and where it can be seen still, but cannot be reached, so cold and high and terrible is that mountain.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Behind them the green hills of Palestine died out as a rainbow dies out, and now there was sand before them and now bleak mountains, and by day the wind was swift and hot and by night it was black and cold.

BabelnounUS /ˈbæbəl/

(Genesis 11:1-11) a tower built by Noah's descendants (probably in Babylon) who intended it to reach up to heaven; God foiled them by confusing their language so they could no longer understand one another

From this reading And they passed ruined Babel, that was built of Nimrod, the first king of the world, and now is desolation.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading And they passed through the land of the King of Armenia, and they passed Ararat, the mountain where Noah brought his ark to anchor, and where it still is, and where it can be seen still, but cannot be reached, so cold and high and terrible is that mountain.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Behind them the green hills of Palestine died out as a rainbow dies out, and now there was sand before them and now bleak mountains, and by day the wind was swift and hot and by night it was black and cold.

BehindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading Behind them the green hills of Palestine died out as a rainbow dies out, and now there was sand before them and now bleak mountains, and by day the wind was swift and hot and by night it was black and cold.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading Behind them the green hills of Palestine died out as a rainbow dies out, and now there was sand before them and now bleak mountains, and by day the wind was swift and hot and by night it was black and cold.

bleakadjectiveUS /bliːk/

offering little or no hope

From this reading Behind them the green hills of Palestine died out as a rainbow dies out, and now there was sand before them and now bleak mountains, and by day the wind was swift and hot and by night it was black and cold.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading And moons were born and died...

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading And they passed through the land of the King of Armenia, and they passed Ararat, the mountain where Noah brought his ark to anchor, and where it still is, and where it can be seen still, but cannot be reached, so cold and high and terrible is that mountain.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading And they passed ruined Babel, that was built of Nimrod, the first king of the world, and now is desolation.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading And they passed through the land of the King of Armenia, and they passed Ararat, the mountain where Noah brought his ark to anchor, and where it still is, and where it can be seen still, but cannot be reached, so cold and high and terrible is that mountain.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Behind them the green hills of Palestine died out as a rainbow dies out, and now there was sand before them and now bleak mountains, and by day the wind was swift and hot and by night it was black and cold.

camelsnounUS /ˈkæməlz/

plural of “camel” — cud-chewing mammal used as a draft or saddle animal in desert regions

From this reading And so they set forth with their great train of red, snarling camels and little patient donkeys and slender, nervous horses toward the rising sun.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading And they passed through the land of the King of Armenia, and they passed Ararat, the mountain where Noah brought his ark to anchor, and where it still is, and where it can be seen still, but cannot be reached, so cold and high and terrible is that mountain.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And they passed through the land of the King of Armenia, and they passed Ararat, the mountain where Noah brought his ark to anchor, and where it still is, and where it can be seen still, but cannot be reached, so cold and high and terrible is that mountain.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading Behind them the green hills of Palestine died out as a rainbow dies out, and now there was sand before them and now bleak mountains, and by day the wind was swift and hot and by night it was black and cold.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Behind them the green hills of Palestine died out as a rainbow dies out, and now there was sand before them and now bleak mountains, and by day the wind was swift and hot and by night it was black and cold.

desolationnounUS /ˌdesəˈleɪʃən/

the state of being decayed or destroyed

From this reading And they passed ruined Babel, that was built of Nimrod, the first king of the world, and now is desolation.

diedverbUS /daɪd/

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading Behind them the green hills of Palestine died out as a rainbow dies out, and now there was sand before them and now bleak mountains, and by day the wind was swift and hot and by night it was black and cold.

diesnounUS /daɪz/

plural of “die” — a small cube with 1 to 6 spots on the six faces; used in gambling to generate random numbers

From this reading Behind them the green hills of Palestine died out as a rainbow dies out, and now there was sand before them and now bleak mountains, and by day the wind was swift and hot and by night it was black and cold.

donkeysnounUS /ˈdɑːŋkiz/

plural of “donkey” — the symbol of the Democratic Party; introduced in cartoons by Thomas Nast in 1874

From this reading And so they set forth with their great train of red, snarling camels and little patient donkeys and slender, nervous horses toward the rising sun.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading And they passed ruined Babel, that was built of Nimrod, the first king of the world, and now is desolation.

forthadverbUS /fɔːrθ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading And so they set forth with their great train of red, snarling camels and little patient donkeys and slender, nervous horses toward the rising sun.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading And so they set forth with their great train of red, snarling camels and little patient donkeys and slender, nervous horses toward the rising sun.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading Behind them the green hills of Palestine died out as a rainbow dies out, and now there was sand before them and now bleak mountains, and by day the wind was swift and hot and by night it was black and cold.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading And they passed through the land of the King of Armenia, and they passed Ararat, the mountain where Noah brought his ark to anchor, and where it still is, and where it can be seen still, but cannot be reached, so cold and high and terrible is that mountain.

hillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading Behind them the green hills of Palestine died out as a rainbow dies out, and now there was sand before them and now bleak mountains, and by day the wind was swift and hot and by night it was black and cold.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading And they passed through the land of the King of Armenia, and they passed Ararat, the mountain where Noah brought his ark to anchor, and where it still is, and where it can be seen still, but cannot be reached, so cold and high and terrible is that mountain.

horsesnounUS /ˈhɔːrsəz/

plural of “horse” — solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading And so they set forth with their great train of red, snarling camels and little patient donkeys and slender, nervous horses toward the rising sun.

hotadjectiveUS /hɑːt/

used of physical heat; having a high or higher than desirable temperature or giving off heat or feeling or causing a sensation of heat or burning

From this reading Behind them the green hills of Palestine died out as a rainbow dies out, and now there was sand before them and now bleak mountains, and by day the wind was swift and hot and by night it was black and cold.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading And they passed through the land of the King of Armenia, and they passed Ararat, the mountain where Noah brought his ark to anchor, and where it still is, and where it can be seen still, but cannot be reached, so cold and high and terrible is that mountain.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Behind them the green hills of Palestine died out as a rainbow dies out, and now there was sand before them and now bleak mountains, and by day the wind was swift and hot and by night it was black and cold.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading And they passed through the land of the King of Armenia, and they passed Ararat, the mountain where Noah brought his ark to anchor, and where it still is, and where it can be seen still, but cannot be reached, so cold and high and terrible is that mountain.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading And they passed through the land of the King of Armenia, and they passed Ararat, the mountain where Noah brought his ark to anchor, and where it still is, and where it can be seen still, but cannot be reached, so cold and high and terrible is that mountain.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading And so they set forth with their great train of red, snarling camels and little patient donkeys and slender, nervous horses toward the rising sun.

moonsnounUS /muːnz/

plural of “moon” — the natural satellite of the Earth

From this reading And moons were born and died...

mountainnounUS /ˈmaʊntən/

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading And they passed through the land of the King of Armenia, and they passed Ararat, the mountain where Noah brought his ark to anchor, and where it still is, and where it can be seen still, but cannot be reached, so cold and high and terrible is that mountain.

mountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading Behind them the green hills of Palestine died out as a rainbow dies out, and now there was sand before them and now bleak mountains, and by day the wind was swift and hot and by night it was black and cold.

nervousadjectiveUS /ˈnɜːrvəs/

easily agitated

From this reading And so they set forth with their great train of red, snarling camels and little patient donkeys and slender, nervous horses toward the rising sun.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading Behind them the green hills of Palestine died out as a rainbow dies out, and now there was sand before them and now bleak mountains, and by day the wind was swift and hot and by night it was black and cold.

NimrodnounUS /ˈnɪmrɑːd/

(Old Testament) a famous hunter

From this reading And they passed ruined Babel, that was built of Nimrod, the first king of the world, and now is desolation.

NoahnounUS /ˈnoʊə/

the Hebrew patriarch who saved himself and his family and the animals by building an ark in which they survived 40 days and 40 nights of rain; the story of Noah and the flood is told in the Book of Genesis

From this reading And they passed through the land of the King of Armenia, and they passed Ararat, the mountain where Noah brought his ark to anchor, and where it still is, and where it can be seen still, but cannot be reached, so cold and high and terrible is that mountain.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Behind them the green hills of Palestine died out as a rainbow dies out, and now there was sand before them and now bleak mountains, and by day the wind was swift and hot and by night it was black and cold.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading And so they set forth with their great train of red, snarling camels and little patient donkeys and slender, nervous horses toward the rising sun.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Behind them the green hills of Palestine died out as a rainbow dies out, and now there was sand before them and now bleak mountains, and by day the wind was swift and hot and by night it was black and cold.

PalestinenounUS /ˈpæləstaɪn/

a former British mandate on the east coast of the Mediterranean; divided between Jordan and Israel in 1948

From this reading Behind them the green hills of Palestine died out as a rainbow dies out, and now there was sand before them and now bleak mountains, and by day the wind was swift and hot and by night it was black and cold.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading And they passed through the land of the King of Armenia, and they passed Ararat, the mountain where Noah brought his ark to anchor, and where it still is, and where it can be seen still, but cannot be reached, so cold and high and terrible is that mountain.

patientnounUS /ˈpeɪʃənt/

a person who requires medical care

From this reading And so they set forth with their great train of red, snarling camels and little patient donkeys and slender, nervous horses toward the rising sun.

rainbownounUS /ˈreɪnboʊ/

an arc of colored light in the sky caused by refraction of the sun's rays by rain

From this reading Behind them the green hills of Palestine died out as a rainbow dies out, and now there was sand before them and now bleak mountains, and by day the wind was swift and hot and by night it was black and cold.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading And they passed through the land of the King of Armenia, and they passed Ararat, the mountain where Noah brought his ark to anchor, and where it still is, and where it can be seen still, but cannot be reached, so cold and high and terrible is that mountain.

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading And so they set forth with their great train of red, snarling camels and little patient donkeys and slender, nervous horses toward the rising sun.

risingadjectiveUS /ˈraɪzɪŋ/

advancing or becoming higher or greater in degree or value or status

From this reading And so they set forth with their great train of red, snarling camels and little patient donkeys and slender, nervous horses toward the rising sun.

ruinedadjectiveUS /ˈruːənd/

destroyed physically or morally

From this reading And they passed ruined Babel, that was built of Nimrod, the first king of the world, and now is desolation.

sandnounUS /sænd/

a loose material consisting of grains of rock or coral

From this reading Behind them the green hills of Palestine died out as a rainbow dies out, and now there was sand before them and now bleak mountains, and by day the wind was swift and hot and by night it was black and cold.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading And they passed through the land of the King of Armenia, and they passed Ararat, the mountain where Noah brought his ark to anchor, and where it still is, and where it can be seen still, but cannot be reached, so cold and high and terrible is that mountain.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading And so they set forth with their great train of red, snarling camels and little patient donkeys and slender, nervous horses toward the rising sun.

slenderadjectiveUS /ˈslendər/

being of delicate or slender build

From this reading And so they set forth with their great train of red, snarling camels and little patient donkeys and slender, nervous horses toward the rising sun.

snarlingverbUS /ˈsnɑːrlɪŋ/

-ing form of “snarl” — utter in an angry, sharp, or abrupt tone

From this reading And so they set forth with their great train of red, snarling camels and little patient donkeys and slender, nervous horses toward the rising sun.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading And so they set forth with their great train of red, snarling camels and little patient donkeys and slender, nervous horses toward the rising sun.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading And they passed through the land of the King of Armenia, and they passed Ararat, the mountain where Noah brought his ark to anchor, and where it still is, and where it can be seen still, but cannot be reached, so cold and high and terrible is that mountain.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading And so they set forth with their great train of red, snarling camels and little patient donkeys and slender, nervous horses toward the rising sun.

swiftadjectiveUS /swɪft/

moving very fast

From this reading Behind them the green hills of Palestine died out as a rainbow dies out, and now there was sand before them and now bleak mountains, and by day the wind was swift and hot and by night it was black and cold.

terribleadjectiveUS /ˈterəbəl/

causing fear or dread or terror

From this reading And they passed through the land of the King of Armenia, and they passed Ararat, the mountain where Noah brought his ark to anchor, and where it still is, and where it can be seen still, but cannot be reached, so cold and high and terrible is that mountain.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading And they passed through the land of the King of Armenia, and they passed Ararat, the mountain where Noah brought his ark to anchor, and where it still is, and where it can be seen still, but cannot be reached, so cold and high and terrible is that mountain.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading And so they set forth with their great train of red, snarling camels and little patient donkeys and slender, nervous horses toward the rising sun.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading And so they set forth with their great train of red, snarling camels and little patient donkeys and slender, nervous horses toward the rising sun.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Behind them the green hills of Palestine died out as a rainbow dies out, and now there was sand before them and now bleak mountains, and by day the wind was swift and hot and by night it was black and cold.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Behind them the green hills of Palestine died out as a rainbow dies out, and now there was sand before them and now bleak mountains, and by day the wind was swift and hot and by night it was black and cold.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading And so they set forth with their great train of red, snarling camels and little patient donkeys and slender, nervous horses toward the rising sun.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading And they passed through the land of the King of Armenia, and they passed Ararat, the mountain where Noah brought his ark to anchor, and where it still is, and where it can be seen still, but cannot be reached, so cold and high and terrible is that mountain.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading And they passed through the land of the King of Armenia, and they passed Ararat, the mountain where Noah brought his ark to anchor, and where it still is, and where it can be seen still, but cannot be reached, so cold and high and terrible is that mountain.

towardprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrd/

in the direction of

From this reading And so they set forth with their great train of red, snarling camels and little patient donkeys and slender, nervous horses toward the rising sun.

trainverbUS /treɪn/

create by training and teaching

From this reading And so they set forth with their great train of red, snarling camels and little patient donkeys and slender, nervous horses toward the rising sun.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Behind them the green hills of Palestine died out as a rainbow dies out, and now there was sand before them and now bleak mountains, and by day the wind was swift and hot and by night it was black and cold.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading And moons were born and died...

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading And they passed through the land of the King of Armenia, and they passed Ararat, the mountain where Noah brought his ark to anchor, and where it still is, and where it can be seen still, but cannot be reached, so cold and high and terrible is that mountain.

windnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading Behind them the green hills of Palestine died out as a rainbow dies out, and now there was sand before them and now bleak mountains, and by day the wind was swift and hot and by night it was black and cold.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading And so they set forth with their great train of red, snarling camels and little patient donkeys and slender, nervous horses toward the rising sun.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading And they passed ruined Babel, that was built of Nimrod, the first king of the world, and now is desolation.

Chapter 8 of Messer Marco Polo by Donn Byrne holds 67 sentences, grouped into 14 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Messer Marco Polo contain?

Chapter 8 holds 67 sentences of Messer Marco Polo, unabridged, divided into 14 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Messer Marco Polo by Donn Byrne exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 67 sentences, grouped into 14 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Messer Marco Polo?

Work through the 14 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 14 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Messer Marco Polo

Common questions about reading Messer Marco Polo by Donn Byrne on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Messer Marco Polo?

Yes. All 1263 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2058 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Messer Marco Polo is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2058, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Messer Marco Polo take to read?

About 105 minutes of reading across 253 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Messer Marco Polo section by section

How to work through Messer Marco Polo section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 21 chapters of Messer Marco Polo to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Messer Marco Polo

Words and structures a reader meets early in Messer Marco Polo, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Nearing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Messer Marco Polo; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Night
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Messer Marco Polo; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
First
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Messer Marco Polo; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spring
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Messer Marco Polo; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.