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Messiah
Messiah

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Messiah is here in full — 397 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Messiah
Context Illustration Reading 1/79 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
In the plain text version text in italics is enclosed by underscores (_italics_).
A number of words in this book have both hyphenated and non-hyphenated variants.
For the words with both variants present the one more used has been kept.
Obvious punctuation and other printing errors have been corrected.
The modified book cover by the transcriber for this eBook is granted to the public domain.
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Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Messiah

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Messiah is here in full — 397 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/79 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In the plain text version text in italics is enclosed by underscores (_italics_).
/ɪn ðə pleɪn tekst ˈvɜːrʒən tekst ɪn aɪˈtælɪks ɪz enˈkloʊzd baɪ ˌʌndərˈskɔːrz aɪˈtælɪks/
Line 2
A number of words in this book have both hyphenated and non-hyphenated variants.
Line 3
For the words with both variants present the one more used has been kept.
/fɔːr ðə wɜːrdz wɪð boʊθ ˈveriənts ˈprezənt ðə wʌn mɔːr juːzd hæz bɪn kept/
Line 4
Obvious punctuation and other printing errors have been corrected.
/ˈɑːbviəs ˌpʌŋktʃuːˈeɪʃən ənd ˈʌðər ˈprɪntɪŋ ˈerərz hæv bɪn kərˈektəd/
Line 5
The modified book cover by the transcriber for this eBook is granted to the public domain.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

domain noun US /doʊˈmeɪn/

a particular environment or walk of life

From this reading “The modified book cover by the transcriber for this eBook is granted to the public domain.”

hyphenated verb US /ˈhaɪfəneɪtɪd/

past form of “hyphenate” — divide or connect with a hyphen

From this reading “A number of words in this book have both hyphenated and non-hyphenated variants.”

italics noun US /aɪˈtælɪks/

plural of “italic” — a style of handwriting with the letters slanting to the right

From this reading “In the plain text version text in italics is enclosed by underscores (_italics_).”

modified adjective US /ˈmɑːdəfaɪd/

changed in form or character

From this reading “The modified book cover by the transcriber for this eBook is granted to the public domain.”

punctuation noun US /ˌpʌŋktʃuːˈeɪʃən/

something that makes repeated and regular interruptions or divisions

From this reading “Obvious punctuation and other printing errors have been corrected.”

transcriber noun US /trænˈskraɪbər/

a person who translates written messages from one language to another

From this reading “The modified book cover by the transcriber for this eBook is granted to the public domain.”

underscores noun US /ˌʌndərˈskɔːrz/

plural of “underscore” — a line drawn underneath (especially under written matter)

From this reading “In the plain text version text in italics is enclosed by underscores (_italics_).”

variants noun US /ˈveriənts/

plural of “variant” — an event that departs from expectations

From this reading “A number of words in this book have both hyphenated and non-hyphenated variants.”

All words in this reading · 45

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A number of words in this book have both hyphenated and non-hyphenated variants.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A number of words in this book have both hyphenated and non-hyphenated variants.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading For the words with both variants present the one more used has been kept.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading A number of words in this book have both hyphenated and non-hyphenated variants.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading A number of words in this book have both hyphenated and non-hyphenated variants.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading In the plain text version text in italics is enclosed by underscores (_italics_).

correctedadjectiveUS /kərˈektəd/

having something undesirable neutralized

From this reading Obvious punctuation and other printing errors have been corrected.

coververbUS /ˈkʌvər/

provide with a covering or cause to be covered

From this reading The modified book cover by the transcriber for this eBook is granted to the public domain.

domainnounUS /doʊˈmeɪn/

a particular environment or walk of life

From this reading The modified book cover by the transcriber for this eBook is granted to the public domain.

eBook

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The modified book cover by the transcriber for this eBook is granted to the public domain.

enclosedadjectiveUS /enˈkloʊzd/

closed in or surrounded or included within

From this reading In the plain text version text in italics is enclosed by underscores (_italics_).

errorsnounUS /ˈerərz/

plural of “error” — a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention

From this reading Obvious punctuation and other printing errors have been corrected.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For the words with both variants present the one more used has been kept.

grantedadjectiveUS /ˈɡræntəd/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading The modified book cover by the transcriber for this eBook is granted to the public domain.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading For the words with both variants present the one more used has been kept.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading A number of words in this book have both hyphenated and non-hyphenated variants.

hyphenatedverbUS /ˈhaɪfəneɪtɪd/

past form of “hyphenate” — divide or connect with a hyphen

From this reading A number of words in this book have both hyphenated and non-hyphenated variants.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the plain text version text in italics is enclosed by underscores (_italics_).

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In the plain text version text in italics is enclosed by underscores (_italics_).

italicsnounUS /aɪˈtælɪks/

plural of “italic” — a style of handwriting with the letters slanting to the right

From this reading In the plain text version text in italics is enclosed by underscores (_italics_).

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading For the words with both variants present the one more used has been kept.

modifiedadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdəfaɪd/

changed in form or character

From this reading The modified book cover by the transcriber for this eBook is granted to the public domain.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading For the words with both variants present the one more used has been kept.

non-hyphenated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A number of words in this book have both hyphenated and non-hyphenated variants.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading A number of words in this book have both hyphenated and non-hyphenated variants.

ObviousadjectiveUS /ˈɑːbviəs/

easily perceived by the senses or grasped by the mind

From this reading Obvious punctuation and other printing errors have been corrected.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A number of words in this book have both hyphenated and non-hyphenated variants.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading For the words with both variants present the one more used has been kept.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Obvious punctuation and other printing errors have been corrected.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading In the plain text version text in italics is enclosed by underscores (_italics_).

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading For the words with both variants present the one more used has been kept.

printingnounUS /ˈprɪntɪŋ/

text handwritten in the style of printed matter

From this reading Obvious punctuation and other printing errors have been corrected.

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading The modified book cover by the transcriber for this eBook is granted to the public domain.

punctuationnounUS /ˌpʌŋktʃuːˈeɪʃən/

something that makes repeated and regular interruptions or divisions

From this reading Obvious punctuation and other printing errors have been corrected.

textnounUS /tekst/

the words of something written

From this reading In the plain text version text in italics is enclosed by underscores (_italics_).

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In the plain text version text in italics is enclosed by underscores (_italics_).

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading A number of words in this book have both hyphenated and non-hyphenated variants.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The modified book cover by the transcriber for this eBook is granted to the public domain.

transcribernounUS /trænˈskraɪbər/

a person who translates written messages from one language to another

From this reading The modified book cover by the transcriber for this eBook is granted to the public domain.

underscoresnounUS /ˌʌndərˈskɔːrz/

plural of “underscore” — a line drawn underneath (especially under written matter)

From this reading In the plain text version text in italics is enclosed by underscores (_italics_).

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading For the words with both variants present the one more used has been kept.

variantsnounUS /ˈveriənts/

plural of “variant” — an event that departs from expectations

From this reading A number of words in this book have both hyphenated and non-hyphenated variants.

versionnounUS /ˈvɜːrʒən/

an interpretation of a matter from a particular viewpoint

From this reading In the plain text version text in italics is enclosed by underscores (_italics_).

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading For the words with both variants present the one more used has been kept.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading A number of words in this book have both hyphenated and non-hyphenated variants.

Chapter 1 of Messiah by Gore Vidal holds 397 sentences, grouped into 80 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Messiah contain?

Chapter 1 holds 397 sentences of Messiah, unabridged, divided into 80 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Messiah by Gore Vidal exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 397 sentences, grouped into 80 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Messiah?

Work through the 80 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 80 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Messiah

Common questions about reading Messiah by Gore Vidal on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Messiah?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Messiah is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Messiah take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Messiah section by section

How to work through Messiah section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of Messiah to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Messiah

Words and structures a reader meets early in Messiah, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Messiah, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Messiah, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Messiah, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.