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Microcosmography
Microcosmography

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Microcosmography is here in full — 424 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/84 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
XX.
A CONSTABLE Is a vice-roy in the street, and no man stands more upon't that he is the king's officer.
His jurisdiction extends to the next stocks, where he has commission for the heels only, and sets the rest of the body at liberty.
He is a scarecrow to that ale-house, where he drinks not his morning draught, and apprehends a drunkard for not standing in the king's name.
Beggars fear him more than the justice, and as much as the whip-stock, whom he delivers over to his subordinate magistrates, the bridewell-man, and the beadle.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Microcosmography

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Microcosmography is here in full — 424 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/84 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
XX.
Line 2
A CONSTABLE Is a vice-roy in the street, and no man stands more upon't that he is the king's officer.
Line 3
His jurisdiction extends to the next stocks, where he has commission for the heels only, and sets the rest of the body at liberty.
/hɪz ˌdʒʊrəsˈdɪkʃən ɪkˈstendz tuː ðə nekst stɑːks wer hiː hæz kəˈmɪʃən fɔːr ðə hiːlz ˈoʊnli ənd sets ðə rest ʌv ðə ˈbɑːdi æt ˈlɪb.ər.ti/
Line 4
He is a scarecrow to that ale-house, where he drinks not his morning draught, and apprehends a drunkard for not standing in the king's name.
Line 5
Beggars fear him more than the justice, and as much as the whip-stock, whom he delivers over to his subordinate magistrates, the bridewell-man, and the beadle.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

beadle noun US /ˈbiːdəl/

a minor parish official who serves a ceremonial function

From this reading “Beggars fear him more than the justice, and as much as the whip-stock, whom he delivers over to his subordinate magistrates, the bridewell-man, and the beadle.”

delivers verb US /dɪˈlɪvərz/

third-person singular of “deliver” — deliver (a speech, oration, or idea)

From this reading “Beggars fear him more than the justice, and as much as the whip-stock, whom he delivers over to his subordinate magistrates, the bridewell-man, and the beadle.”

drunkard noun US /ˈdrʌŋkərd/

a chronic drinker

From this reading “He is a scarecrow to that ale-house, where he drinks not his morning draught, and apprehends a drunkard for not standing in the king's name.”

extends verb US /ɪkˈstendz/

third-person singular of “extend” — extend in scope or range or area

From this reading “His jurisdiction extends to the next stocks, where he has commission for the heels only, and sets the rest of the body at liberty.”

jurisdiction noun US /ˌdʒʊrəsˈdɪkʃən/

(law) the right and power to interpret and apply the law

From this reading “His jurisdiction extends to the next stocks, where he has commission for the heels only, and sets the rest of the body at liberty.”

magistrates noun US /ˈmædʒɪstreɪts/

plural of “magistrate” — a lay judge or civil authority who administers the law (especially one who conducts a court dealing with minor offenses)

From this reading “Beggars fear him more than the justice, and as much as the whip-stock, whom he delivers over to his subordinate magistrates, the bridewell-man, and the beadle.”

scarecrow noun US /ˈskærkroʊ/

an effigy in the shape of a man to frighten birds away from seeds

From this reading “He is a scarecrow to that ale-house, where he drinks not his morning draught, and apprehends a drunkard for not standing in the king's name.”

subordinate adjective US /səˈbɔːrdəneɪt/

lower in rank or importance

From this reading “Beggars fear him more than the justice, and as much as the whip-stock, whom he delivers over to his subordinate magistrates, the bridewell-man, and the beadle.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

at liberty preposition + noun

In this reading “His jurisdiction extends to the next stocks, where he has commission for the heels only, and sets the rest of the body at liberty.”

morning draught noun + noun

In this reading “He is a scarecrow to that ale-house, where he drinks not his morning draught, and apprehends a drunkard for not standing in the king's name.”

rest of verb + particle

In this reading “His jurisdiction extends to the next stocks, where he has commission for the heels only, and sets the rest of the body at liberty.”

delivers over verb + particle counted as “deliver over”

In this reading “Beggars fear him more than the justice, and as much as the whip-stock, whom he delivers over to his subordinate magistrates, the bridewell-man, and the beadle.”

in the street preposition + article + noun counted as “in … street”

In this reading “A CONSTABLE Is a vice-roy in the street, and no man stands more upon't that he is the king's officer.”

All words in this reading · 61

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A CONSTABLE Is a vice-roy in the street, and no man stands more upon't that he is the king's officer.

ale-house

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He is a scarecrow to that ale-house, where he drinks not his morning draught, and apprehends a drunkard for not standing in the king's name.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A CONSTABLE Is a vice-roy in the street, and no man stands more upon't that he is the king's officer.

apprehends

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He is a scarecrow to that ale-house, where he drinks not his morning draught, and apprehends a drunkard for not standing in the king's name.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Beggars fear him more than the justice, and as much as the whip-stock, whom he delivers over to his subordinate magistrates, the bridewell-man, and the beadle.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading His jurisdiction extends to the next stocks, where he has commission for the heels only, and sets the rest of the body at liberty.

beadlenounUS /ˈbiːdəl/

a minor parish official who serves a ceremonial function

From this reading Beggars fear him more than the justice, and as much as the whip-stock, whom he delivers over to his subordinate magistrates, the bridewell-man, and the beadle.

BeggarsnounUS /ˈbeɡərz/

plural of “beggar” — a pauper who lives by begging

From this reading Beggars fear him more than the justice, and as much as the whip-stock, whom he delivers over to his subordinate magistrates, the bridewell-man, and the beadle.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading His jurisdiction extends to the next stocks, where he has commission for the heels only, and sets the rest of the body at liberty.

bridewell-man

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Beggars fear him more than the justice, and as much as the whip-stock, whom he delivers over to his subordinate magistrates, the bridewell-man, and the beadle.

commissionnounUS /kəˈmɪʃən/

a special group delegated to consider some matter

From this reading His jurisdiction extends to the next stocks, where he has commission for the heels only, and sets the rest of the body at liberty.

CONSTABLEnounUS /ˈkɑːnstəbəl/

a lawman with less authority and jurisdiction than a sheriff

From this reading A CONSTABLE Is a vice-roy in the street, and no man stands more upon't that he is the king's officer.

deliversverbUS /dɪˈlɪvərz/

third-person singular of “deliver” — deliver (a speech, oration, or idea)

From this reading Beggars fear him more than the justice, and as much as the whip-stock, whom he delivers over to his subordinate magistrates, the bridewell-man, and the beadle.

draughtnounUS /dræft/

a serving of drink (usually alcoholic) drawn from a keg

From this reading He is a scarecrow to that ale-house, where he drinks not his morning draught, and apprehends a drunkard for not standing in the king's name.

drinksnounUS /drɪŋks/

plural of “drink” — a single serving of a beverage

From this reading He is a scarecrow to that ale-house, where he drinks not his morning draught, and apprehends a drunkard for not standing in the king's name.

drunkardnounUS /ˈdrʌŋkərd/

a chronic drinker

From this reading He is a scarecrow to that ale-house, where he drinks not his morning draught, and apprehends a drunkard for not standing in the king's name.

extendsverbUS /ɪkˈstendz/

third-person singular of “extend” — extend in scope or range or area

From this reading His jurisdiction extends to the next stocks, where he has commission for the heels only, and sets the rest of the body at liberty.

fearverbUS /fɪr/

be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event

From this reading Beggars fear him more than the justice, and as much as the whip-stock, whom he delivers over to his subordinate magistrates, the bridewell-man, and the beadle.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading His jurisdiction extends to the next stocks, where he has commission for the heels only, and sets the rest of the body at liberty.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading His jurisdiction extends to the next stocks, where he has commission for the heels only, and sets the rest of the body at liberty.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading A CONSTABLE Is a vice-roy in the street, and no man stands more upon't that he is the king's officer.

heelsnounUS /hiːlz/

plural of “heel” — the bottom of a shoe or boot; the back part of a shoe or boot that touches the ground and provides elevation

From this reading His jurisdiction extends to the next stocks, where he has commission for the heels only, and sets the rest of the body at liberty.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Beggars fear him more than the justice, and as much as the whip-stock, whom he delivers over to his subordinate magistrates, the bridewell-man, and the beadle.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His jurisdiction extends to the next stocks, where he has commission for the heels only, and sets the rest of the body at liberty.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A CONSTABLE Is a vice-roy in the street, and no man stands more upon't that he is the king's officer.

Isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A CONSTABLE Is a vice-roy in the street, and no man stands more upon't that he is the king's officer.

jurisdictionnounUS /ˌdʒʊrəsˈdɪkʃən/

(law) the right and power to interpret and apply the law

From this reading His jurisdiction extends to the next stocks, where he has commission for the heels only, and sets the rest of the body at liberty.

justicenounUS /ˈdʒʌstəs/

the quality of being just or fair

From this reading Beggars fear him more than the justice, and as much as the whip-stock, whom he delivers over to his subordinate magistrates, the bridewell-man, and the beadle.

king'snounUS /kɪŋz/

possessive form of “king” — a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading A CONSTABLE Is a vice-roy in the street, and no man stands more upon't that he is the king's officer.

libertynounUS /ˈlɪb.ər.ti/

The state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions on one's way of life.

From this reading His jurisdiction extends to the next stocks, where he has commission for the heels only, and sets the rest of the body at liberty.

magistratesnounUS /ˈmædʒɪstreɪts/

plural of “magistrate” — a lay judge or civil authority who administers the law (especially one who conducts a court dealing with minor offenses)

From this reading Beggars fear him more than the justice, and as much as the whip-stock, whom he delivers over to his subordinate magistrates, the bridewell-man, and the beadle.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading A CONSTABLE Is a vice-roy in the street, and no man stands more upon't that he is the king's officer.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading A CONSTABLE Is a vice-roy in the street, and no man stands more upon't that he is the king's officer.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading He is a scarecrow to that ale-house, where he drinks not his morning draught, and apprehends a drunkard for not standing in the king's name.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Beggars fear him more than the justice, and as much as the whip-stock, whom he delivers over to his subordinate magistrates, the bridewell-man, and the beadle.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading He is a scarecrow to that ale-house, where he drinks not his morning draught, and apprehends a drunkard for not standing in the king's name.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading His jurisdiction extends to the next stocks, where he has commission for the heels only, and sets the rest of the body at liberty.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading A CONSTABLE Is a vice-roy in the street, and no man stands more upon't that he is the king's officer.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He is a scarecrow to that ale-house, where he drinks not his morning draught, and apprehends a drunkard for not standing in the king's name.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading His jurisdiction extends to the next stocks, where he has commission for the heels only, and sets the rest of the body at liberty.

officernounUS /ˈɔːfəsər/

any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command

From this reading A CONSTABLE Is a vice-roy in the street, and no man stands more upon't that he is the king's officer.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading His jurisdiction extends to the next stocks, where he has commission for the heels only, and sets the rest of the body at liberty.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Beggars fear him more than the justice, and as much as the whip-stock, whom he delivers over to his subordinate magistrates, the bridewell-man, and the beadle.

restverbUS /rest/

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading His jurisdiction extends to the next stocks, where he has commission for the heels only, and sets the rest of the body at liberty.

scarecrownounUS /ˈskærkroʊ/

an effigy in the shape of a man to frighten birds away from seeds

From this reading He is a scarecrow to that ale-house, where he drinks not his morning draught, and apprehends a drunkard for not standing in the king's name.

setsnounUS /sets/

plural of “set” — a group of things of the same kind that belong together and are so used

From this reading His jurisdiction extends to the next stocks, where he has commission for the heels only, and sets the rest of the body at liberty.

standingadjectiveUS /ˈstændɪŋ/

having a supporting base

From this reading He is a scarecrow to that ale-house, where he drinks not his morning draught, and apprehends a drunkard for not standing in the king's name.

standsnounUS /stændz/

plural of “stand” — a support or foundation

From this reading A CONSTABLE Is a vice-roy in the street, and no man stands more upon't that he is the king's officer.

stocksnounUS /stɑːks/

a frame that supports a boat while it is under construction

From this reading His jurisdiction extends to the next stocks, where he has commission for the heels only, and sets the rest of the body at liberty.

streetnounUS /striːt/

a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading A CONSTABLE Is a vice-roy in the street, and no man stands more upon't that he is the king's officer.

subordinateadjectiveUS /səˈbɔːrdəneɪt/

lower in rank or importance

From this reading Beggars fear him more than the justice, and as much as the whip-stock, whom he delivers over to his subordinate magistrates, the bridewell-man, and the beadle.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Beggars fear him more than the justice, and as much as the whip-stock, whom he delivers over to his subordinate magistrates, the bridewell-man, and the beadle.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading A CONSTABLE Is a vice-roy in the street, and no man stands more upon't that he is the king's officer.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A CONSTABLE Is a vice-roy in the street, and no man stands more upon't that he is the king's officer.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading His jurisdiction extends to the next stocks, where he has commission for the heels only, and sets the rest of the body at liberty.

upon't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A CONSTABLE Is a vice-roy in the street, and no man stands more upon't that he is the king's officer.

vice-roy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A CONSTABLE Is a vice-roy in the street, and no man stands more upon't that he is the king's officer.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading His jurisdiction extends to the next stocks, where he has commission for the heels only, and sets the rest of the body at liberty.

whip-stock

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Beggars fear him more than the justice, and as much as the whip-stock, whom he delivers over to his subordinate magistrates, the bridewell-man, and the beadle.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Beggars fear him more than the justice, and as much as the whip-stock, whom he delivers over to his subordinate magistrates, the bridewell-man, and the beadle.

XXnoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of nineteen and one

From this reading XX.

Chapter 3 of Microcosmography by John Earle holds 424 sentences, grouped into 85 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Microcosmography contain?

Chapter 3 holds 424 sentences of Microcosmography, unabridged, divided into 85 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Microcosmography by John Earle exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 424 sentences, grouped into 85 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Microcosmography?

Work through the 85 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 85 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Microcosmography

Common questions about reading Microcosmography by John Earle on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Microcosmography?

Yes. All 4571 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #26425 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Microcosmography is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #26425, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Microcosmography take to read?

About 380 minutes of reading across 915 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Microcosmography section by section

How to work through Microcosmography section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 11 chapters of Microcosmography to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Microcosmography

Words and structures a reader meets early in Microcosmography, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Piece
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Microcosmography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
World
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Microcosmography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Discovered
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Microcosmography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Essays
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Microcosmography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.