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Middlemarch
Middlemarch

Chapter IV

Cover illustration for Middlemarch
Context Illustration Reading 1/86 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
My lady’s tongue is like the meadow blades, That cut you stroking them with idle hand.
Nice cutting is her function: she divides With spiritual edge the millet-seed, And makes intangible savings.
As Mr. Casaubon’s carriage was passing out of the gateway, it arrested the entrance of a pony phaeton driven by a lady with a servant seated behind.
It was doubtful whether the recognition had been mutual, for Mr. Casaubon was looking absently before him; but the lady was quick-eyed, and threw a nod and a “How do you do?” in the nick of time.
In spite of her shabby bonnet and very old Indian shawl, it was plain that the lodge-keeper regarded her as an important personage, from the low curtsy which was dropped on the entrance of the small phaeton.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Middlemarch

Chapter IV

Reading 1/86 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
My lady’s tongue is like the meadow blades, That cut you stroking them with idle hand.
Line 2
Nice cutting is her function: she divides With spiritual edge the millet-seed, And makes intangible savings.
Line 3
As Mr. Casaubon’s carriage was passing out of the gateway, it arrested the entrance of a pony phaeton driven by a lady with a servant seated behind.
Line 4
It was doubtful whether the recognition had been mutual, for Mr. Casaubon was looking absently before him; but the lady was quick-eyed, and threw a nod and a “How do you do?” in the nick of time.
Line 5
In spite of her shabby bonnet and very old Indian shawl, it was plain that the lodge-keeper regarded her as an important personage, from the low curtsy which was dropped on the entrance of the small phaeton.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “It was doubtful whether the recognition had been mutual, for Mr. Casaubon was looking absently before him; but the lady was quick-eyed, and threw a nod and a “How do you do?” in the nick of time.”

Before preposition US /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading “It was doubtful whether the recognition had been mutual, for Mr. Casaubon was looking absently before him; but the lady was quick-eyed, and threw a nod and a “How do you do?” in the nick of time.”

Behind preposition US /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading “As Mr. Casaubon’s carriage was passing out of the gateway, it arrested the entrance of a pony phaeton driven by a lady with a servant seated behind.”

Hand noun US /hand/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “My lady’s tongue is like the meadow blades, That cut you stroking them with idle hand.”

Time noun US /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “It was doubtful whether the recognition had been mutual, for Mr. Casaubon was looking absently before him; but the lady was quick-eyed, and threw a nod and a “How do you do?” in the nick of time.”

Tongue noun US /tongue/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “My lady’s tongue is like the meadow blades, That cut you stroking them with idle hand.”

Whether conjunction US /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading “It was doubtful whether the recognition had been mutual, for Mr. Casaubon was looking absently before him; but the lady was quick-eyed, and threw a nod and a “How do you do?” in the nick of time.”

All words in this reading · 91

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading As Mr. Casaubon’s carriage was passing out of the gateway, it arrested the entrance of a pony phaeton driven by a lady with a servant seated behind.

absently

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was doubtful whether the recognition had been mutual, for Mr. Casaubon was looking absently before him; but the lady was quick-eyed, and threw a nod and a “How do you do?” in the nick of time.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading In spite of her shabby bonnet and very old Indian shawl, it was plain that the lodge-keeper regarded her as an important personage, from the low curtsy which was dropped on the entrance of the small phaeton.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Nice cutting is her function: she divides With spiritual edge the millet-seed, And makes intangible savings.

arrested

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Mr. Casaubon’s carriage was passing out of the gateway, it arrested the entrance of a pony phaeton driven by a lady with a servant seated behind.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As Mr. Casaubon’s carriage was passing out of the gateway, it arrested the entrance of a pony phaeton driven by a lady with a servant seated behind.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading It was doubtful whether the recognition had been mutual, for Mr. Casaubon was looking absently before him; but the lady was quick-eyed, and threw a nod and a “How do you do?” in the nick of time.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading It was doubtful whether the recognition had been mutual, for Mr. Casaubon was looking absently before him; but the lady was quick-eyed, and threw a nod and a “How do you do?” in the nick of time.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading As Mr. Casaubon’s carriage was passing out of the gateway, it arrested the entrance of a pony phaeton driven by a lady with a servant seated behind.

blades

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My lady’s tongue is like the meadow blades, That cut you stroking them with idle hand.

bonnet

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In spite of her shabby bonnet and very old Indian shawl, it was plain that the lodge-keeper regarded her as an important personage, from the low curtsy which was dropped on the entrance of the small phaeton.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading It was doubtful whether the recognition had been mutual, for Mr. Casaubon was looking absently before him; but the lady was quick-eyed, and threw a nod and a “How do you do?” in the nick of time.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading As Mr. Casaubon’s carriage was passing out of the gateway, it arrested the entrance of a pony phaeton driven by a lady with a servant seated behind.

carriage

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Mr. Casaubon’s carriage was passing out of the gateway, it arrested the entrance of a pony phaeton driven by a lady with a servant seated behind.

Casaubon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was doubtful whether the recognition had been mutual, for Mr. Casaubon was looking absently before him; but the lady was quick-eyed, and threw a nod and a “How do you do?” in the nick of time.

Casaubon's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Mr. Casaubon’s carriage was passing out of the gateway, it arrested the entrance of a pony phaeton driven by a lady with a servant seated behind.

curtsy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In spite of her shabby bonnet and very old Indian shawl, it was plain that the lodge-keeper regarded her as an important personage, from the low curtsy which was dropped on the entrance of the small phaeton.

cut

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My lady’s tongue is like the meadow blades, That cut you stroking them with idle hand.

cutting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nice cutting is her function: she divides With spiritual edge the millet-seed, And makes intangible savings.

divides

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nice cutting is her function: she divides With spiritual edge the millet-seed, And makes intangible savings.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading It was doubtful whether the recognition had been mutual, for Mr. Casaubon was looking absently before him; but the lady was quick-eyed, and threw a nod and a “How do you do?” in the nick of time.

doubtful

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was doubtful whether the recognition had been mutual, for Mr. Casaubon was looking absently before him; but the lady was quick-eyed, and threw a nod and a “How do you do?” in the nick of time.

driven

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Mr. Casaubon’s carriage was passing out of the gateway, it arrested the entrance of a pony phaeton driven by a lady with a servant seated behind.

dropped

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In spite of her shabby bonnet and very old Indian shawl, it was plain that the lodge-keeper regarded her as an important personage, from the low curtsy which was dropped on the entrance of the small phaeton.

edge

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nice cutting is her function: she divides With spiritual edge the millet-seed, And makes intangible savings.

entrance

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Mr. Casaubon’s carriage was passing out of the gateway, it arrested the entrance of a pony phaeton driven by a lady with a servant seated behind.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It was doubtful whether the recognition had been mutual, for Mr. Casaubon was looking absently before him; but the lady was quick-eyed, and threw a nod and a “How do you do?” in the nick of time.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading In spite of her shabby bonnet and very old Indian shawl, it was plain that the lodge-keeper regarded her as an important personage, from the low curtsy which was dropped on the entrance of the small phaeton.

function

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nice cutting is her function: she divides With spiritual edge the millet-seed, And makes intangible savings.

gateway

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Mr. Casaubon’s carriage was passing out of the gateway, it arrested the entrance of a pony phaeton driven by a lady with a servant seated behind.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It was doubtful whether the recognition had been mutual, for Mr. Casaubon was looking absently before him; but the lady was quick-eyed, and threw a nod and a “How do you do?” in the nick of time.

hand

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My lady’s tongue is like the meadow blades, That cut you stroking them with idle hand.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Nice cutting is her function: she divides With spiritual edge the millet-seed, And makes intangible savings.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It was doubtful whether the recognition had been mutual, for Mr. Casaubon was looking absently before him; but the lady was quick-eyed, and threw a nod and a “How do you do?” in the nick of time.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was doubtful whether the recognition had been mutual, for Mr. Casaubon was looking absently before him; but the lady was quick-eyed, and threw a nod and a “How do you do?” in the nick of time.

idle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My lady’s tongue is like the meadow blades, That cut you stroking them with idle hand.

important

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In spite of her shabby bonnet and very old Indian shawl, it was plain that the lodge-keeper regarded her as an important personage, from the low curtsy which was dropped on the entrance of the small phaeton.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was doubtful whether the recognition had been mutual, for Mr. Casaubon was looking absently before him; but the lady was quick-eyed, and threw a nod and a “How do you do?” in the nick of time.

Indian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In spite of her shabby bonnet and very old Indian shawl, it was plain that the lodge-keeper regarded her as an important personage, from the low curtsy which was dropped on the entrance of the small phaeton.

intangible

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nice cutting is her function: she divides With spiritual edge the millet-seed, And makes intangible savings.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading My lady’s tongue is like the meadow blades, That cut you stroking them with idle hand.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading As Mr. Casaubon’s carriage was passing out of the gateway, it arrested the entrance of a pony phaeton driven by a lady with a servant seated behind.

lady

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Mr. Casaubon’s carriage was passing out of the gateway, it arrested the entrance of a pony phaeton driven by a lady with a servant seated behind.

lady's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My lady’s tongue is like the meadow blades, That cut you stroking them with idle hand.

like

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My lady’s tongue is like the meadow blades, That cut you stroking them with idle hand.

lodge-keeper

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In spite of her shabby bonnet and very old Indian shawl, it was plain that the lodge-keeper regarded her as an important personage, from the low curtsy which was dropped on the entrance of the small phaeton.

looking

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was doubtful whether the recognition had been mutual, for Mr. Casaubon was looking absently before him; but the lady was quick-eyed, and threw a nod and a “How do you do?” in the nick of time.

low

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In spite of her shabby bonnet and very old Indian shawl, it was plain that the lodge-keeper regarded her as an important personage, from the low curtsy which was dropped on the entrance of the small phaeton.

makes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nice cutting is her function: she divides With spiritual edge the millet-seed, And makes intangible savings.

meadow

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My lady’s tongue is like the meadow blades, That cut you stroking them with idle hand.

millet-seed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nice cutting is her function: she divides With spiritual edge the millet-seed, And makes intangible savings.

Mr

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Mr. Casaubon’s carriage was passing out of the gateway, it arrested the entrance of a pony phaeton driven by a lady with a servant seated behind.

mutual

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was doubtful whether the recognition had been mutual, for Mr. Casaubon was looking absently before him; but the lady was quick-eyed, and threw a nod and a “How do you do?” in the nick of time.

MydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading My lady’s tongue is like the meadow blades, That cut you stroking them with idle hand.

Nice

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nice cutting is her function: she divides With spiritual edge the millet-seed, And makes intangible savings.

nick

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was doubtful whether the recognition had been mutual, for Mr. Casaubon was looking absently before him; but the lady was quick-eyed, and threw a nod and a “How do you do?” in the nick of time.

nod

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was doubtful whether the recognition had been mutual, for Mr. Casaubon was looking absently before him; but the lady was quick-eyed, and threw a nod and a “How do you do?” in the nick of time.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading As Mr. Casaubon’s carriage was passing out of the gateway, it arrested the entrance of a pony phaeton driven by a lady with a servant seated behind.

old

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In spite of her shabby bonnet and very old Indian shawl, it was plain that the lodge-keeper regarded her as an important personage, from the low curtsy which was dropped on the entrance of the small phaeton.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading In spite of her shabby bonnet and very old Indian shawl, it was plain that the lodge-keeper regarded her as an important personage, from the low curtsy which was dropped on the entrance of the small phaeton.

out

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Mr. Casaubon’s carriage was passing out of the gateway, it arrested the entrance of a pony phaeton driven by a lady with a servant seated behind.

passing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Mr. Casaubon’s carriage was passing out of the gateway, it arrested the entrance of a pony phaeton driven by a lady with a servant seated behind.

personage

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In spite of her shabby bonnet and very old Indian shawl, it was plain that the lodge-keeper regarded her as an important personage, from the low curtsy which was dropped on the entrance of the small phaeton.

phaeton

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Mr. Casaubon’s carriage was passing out of the gateway, it arrested the entrance of a pony phaeton driven by a lady with a servant seated behind.

plain

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In spite of her shabby bonnet and very old Indian shawl, it was plain that the lodge-keeper regarded her as an important personage, from the low curtsy which was dropped on the entrance of the small phaeton.

pony

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Mr. Casaubon’s carriage was passing out of the gateway, it arrested the entrance of a pony phaeton driven by a lady with a servant seated behind.

quick-eyed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was doubtful whether the recognition had been mutual, for Mr. Casaubon was looking absently before him; but the lady was quick-eyed, and threw a nod and a “How do you do?” in the nick of time.

recognition

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was doubtful whether the recognition had been mutual, for Mr. Casaubon was looking absently before him; but the lady was quick-eyed, and threw a nod and a “How do you do?” in the nick of time.

regarded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In spite of her shabby bonnet and very old Indian shawl, it was plain that the lodge-keeper regarded her as an important personage, from the low curtsy which was dropped on the entrance of the small phaeton.

savings

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nice cutting is her function: she divides With spiritual edge the millet-seed, And makes intangible savings.

seated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Mr. Casaubon’s carriage was passing out of the gateway, it arrested the entrance of a pony phaeton driven by a lady with a servant seated behind.

servant

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Mr. Casaubon’s carriage was passing out of the gateway, it arrested the entrance of a pony phaeton driven by a lady with a servant seated behind.

shabby

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In spite of her shabby bonnet and very old Indian shawl, it was plain that the lodge-keeper regarded her as an important personage, from the low curtsy which was dropped on the entrance of the small phaeton.

shawl

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In spite of her shabby bonnet and very old Indian shawl, it was plain that the lodge-keeper regarded her as an important personage, from the low curtsy which was dropped on the entrance of the small phaeton.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Nice cutting is her function: she divides With spiritual edge the millet-seed, And makes intangible savings.

small

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In spite of her shabby bonnet and very old Indian shawl, it was plain that the lodge-keeper regarded her as an important personage, from the low curtsy which was dropped on the entrance of the small phaeton.

spiritual

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nice cutting is her function: she divides With spiritual edge the millet-seed, And makes intangible savings.

spite

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In spite of her shabby bonnet and very old Indian shawl, it was plain that the lodge-keeper regarded her as an important personage, from the low curtsy which was dropped on the entrance of the small phaeton.

stroking

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My lady’s tongue is like the meadow blades, That cut you stroking them with idle hand.

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading My lady’s tongue is like the meadow blades, That cut you stroking them with idle hand.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading My lady’s tongue is like the meadow blades, That cut you stroking them with idle hand.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading My lady’s tongue is like the meadow blades, That cut you stroking them with idle hand.

threw

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was doubtful whether the recognition had been mutual, for Mr. Casaubon was looking absently before him; but the lady was quick-eyed, and threw a nod and a “How do you do?” in the nick of time.

timenounUS /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading It was doubtful whether the recognition had been mutual, for Mr. Casaubon was looking absently before him; but the lady was quick-eyed, and threw a nod and a “How do you do?” in the nick of time.

tonguenounUS /tongue/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading My lady’s tongue is like the meadow blades, That cut you stroking them with idle hand.

very

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In spite of her shabby bonnet and very old Indian shawl, it was plain that the lodge-keeper regarded her as an important personage, from the low curtsy which was dropped on the entrance of the small phaeton.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading As Mr. Casaubon’s carriage was passing out of the gateway, it arrested the entrance of a pony phaeton driven by a lady with a servant seated behind.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading It was doubtful whether the recognition had been mutual, for Mr. Casaubon was looking absently before him; but the lady was quick-eyed, and threw a nod and a “How do you do?” in the nick of time.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In spite of her shabby bonnet and very old Indian shawl, it was plain that the lodge-keeper regarded her as an important personage, from the low curtsy which was dropped on the entrance of the small phaeton.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading My lady’s tongue is like the meadow blades, That cut you stroking them with idle hand.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading My lady’s tongue is like the meadow blades, That cut you stroking them with idle hand.