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Middlemarch
Middlemarch

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of Middlemarch is here in full — 339 sentences across 68 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/67 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Your horses of the Sun,” he said, And first-rate whip Apollo!
Whate’er they be, I’ll eat my head, But I will beat them hollow.”
Fred Vincy, we have seen, had a debt on his mind, and though no such immaterial burthen could depress that buoyant-hearted young gentleman for many hours together, there were circumstances connected with this debt which made the thought of it unusually importunate.
The creditor was Mr. Bambridge, a horse-dealer of the neighborhood, whose company was much sought in Middlemarch by young men understood to be addicted to pleasure.”
During the vacations Fred had naturally required more amusements than he had ready money for, and Mr. Bambridge had been accommodating enough not only to trust him for the hire of horses and the accidental expense of ruining a fine hunter, but also to make a small advance by which he might be able to meet some losses at billiards.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Middlemarch

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of Middlemarch is here in full — 339 sentences across 68 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/67 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Your horses of the Sun,” he said, “And first-rate whip Apollo!
/jɔːr ˈhɔːrsəz ʌv ðə sʌn hiː sed ənd ˌfɜːrˈstreɪt wɪp əˈpɑːloʊ/
Line 2
Whate’er they be, I’ll eat my head, But I will beat them hollow.”
Line 3
Fred Vincy, we have seen, had a debt on his mind, and though no such immaterial burthen could depress that buoyant-hearted young gentleman for many hours together, there were circumstances connected with this debt which made the thought of it unusually importunate.
Line 4
The creditor was Mr. Bambridge, a horse-dealer of the neighborhood, whose company was much sought in Middlemarch by young men understood to beaddicted to pleasure.”
Line 5
During the vacations Fred had naturally required more amusements than he had ready money for, and Mr. Bambridge had been accommodating enough not only to trust him for the hire of horses and the accidental expense of ruining a fine hunter, but also to make a small advance by which he might be able to meet some losses at billiards.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

accommodating adjective US /əˈkɑːmədeɪtɪŋ/

helpful in bringing about a harmonious adaptation

From this reading “During the vacations Fred had naturally required more amusements than he had ready money for, and Mr. Bambridge had been accommodating enough not only to trust him for the hire of horses and the accidental expense of ruining a fine hunter, but also to make a small advance by which he might be able to meet some losses at billiards.”

addicted adjective US /əˈdɪktɪd/

compulsively or physiologically dependent on something habit-forming

From this reading “The creditor was Mr. Bambridge, a horse-dealer of the neighborhood, whose company was much sought in Middlemarch by young men understood to be “addicted to pleasure.””

billiards noun US /ˈbɪljərdz/

any of several games played on rectangular cloth-covered table (with cushioned edges) in which long tapering cue sticks are used to propel ivory (or composition) balls

From this reading “During the vacations Fred had naturally required more amusements than he had ready money for, and Mr. Bambridge had been accommodating enough not only to trust him for the hire of horses and the accidental expense of ruining a fine hunter, but also to make a small advance by which he might be able to meet some losses at billiards.”

creditor noun US /ˈkredətər/

a person to whom money is owed by a debtor; someone to whom an obligation exists

From this reading “The creditor was Mr. Bambridge, a horse-dealer of the neighborhood, whose company was much sought in Middlemarch by young men understood to be “addicted to pleasure.””

depress verb US /dɪˈpres/

lower someone's spirits; make downhearted

From this reading “Fred Vincy, we have seen, had a debt on his mind, and though no such immaterial burthen could depress that buoyant-hearted young gentleman for many hours together, there were circumstances connected with this debt which made the thought of it unusually importunate.”

immaterial adjective US /ˌɪməˈtɪriəl/

of no importance or relevance especially to a law case

From this reading “Fred Vincy, we have seen, had a debt on his mind, and though no such immaterial burthen could depress that buoyant-hearted young gentleman for many hours together, there were circumstances connected with this debt which made the thought of it unusually importunate.”

ruining noun US /ˈruːɪnɪŋ/

destruction achieved by causing something to be wrecked or ruined

From this reading “During the vacations Fred had naturally required more amusements than he had ready money for, and Mr. Bambridge had been accommodating enough not only to trust him for the hire of horses and the accidental expense of ruining a fine hunter, but also to make a small advance by which he might be able to meet some losses at billiards.”

vacations noun US /veɪˈkeɪʃənz/

plural of “vacation” — leisure time away from work devoted to rest or pleasure

From this reading “During the vacations Fred had naturally required more amusements than he had ready money for, and Mr. Bambridge had been accommodating enough not only to trust him for the hire of horses and the accidental expense of ruining a fine hunter, but also to make a small advance by which he might be able to meet some losses at billiards.”

All words in this reading · 113

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Fred Vincy, we have seen, had a debt on his mind, and though no such immaterial burthen could depress that buoyant-hearted young gentleman for many hours together, there were circumstances connected with this debt which made the thought of it unusually importunate.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading During the vacations Fred had naturally required more amusements than he had ready money for, and Mr. Bambridge had been accommodating enough not only to trust him for the hire of horses and the accidental expense of ruining a fine hunter, but also to make a small advance by which he might be able to meet some losses at billiards.

accidentaladjectiveUS /ˌæksəˈdentəl/

happening by chance or unexpectedly or unintentionally

From this reading During the vacations Fred had naturally required more amusements than he had ready money for, and Mr. Bambridge had been accommodating enough not only to trust him for the hire of horses and the accidental expense of ruining a fine hunter, but also to make a small advance by which he might be able to meet some losses at billiards.

accommodatingadjectiveUS /əˈkɑːmədeɪtɪŋ/

helpful in bringing about a harmonious adaptation

From this reading During the vacations Fred had naturally required more amusements than he had ready money for, and Mr. Bambridge had been accommodating enough not only to trust him for the hire of horses and the accidental expense of ruining a fine hunter, but also to make a small advance by which he might be able to meet some losses at billiards.

addictedadjectiveUS /əˈdɪktɪd/

compulsively or physiologically dependent on something habit-forming

From this reading The creditor was Mr. Bambridge, a horse-dealer of the neighborhood, whose company was much sought in Middlemarch by young men understood to be “addicted to pleasure.”

advanceverbUS /ədˈvæns/

move forward, also in the metaphorical sense

From this reading During the vacations Fred had naturally required more amusements than he had ready money for, and Mr. Bambridge had been accommodating enough not only to trust him for the hire of horses and the accidental expense of ruining a fine hunter, but also to make a small advance by which he might be able to meet some losses at billiards.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading During the vacations Fred had naturally required more amusements than he had ready money for, and Mr. Bambridge had been accommodating enough not only to trust him for the hire of horses and the accidental expense of ruining a fine hunter, but also to make a small advance by which he might be able to meet some losses at billiards.

amusementsnounUS /əˈmjuːzmənts/

plural of “amusement” — a feeling of delight at being entertained

From this reading During the vacations Fred had naturally required more amusements than he had ready money for, and Mr. Bambridge had been accommodating enough not only to trust him for the hire of horses and the accidental expense of ruining a fine hunter, but also to make a small advance by which he might be able to meet some losses at billiards.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading “Your horses of the Sun,” he said, “And first-rate whip Apollo!

ApollonounUS /əˈpɑːloʊ/

(Greek mythology) Greek god of light; god of prophecy and poetry and music and healing; son of Zeus and Leto; twin brother of Artemis

From this reading “Your horses of the Sun,” he said, “And first-rate whip Apollo!

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading During the vacations Fred had naturally required more amusements than he had ready money for, and Mr. Bambridge had been accommodating enough not only to trust him for the hire of horses and the accidental expense of ruining a fine hunter, but also to make a small advance by which he might be able to meet some losses at billiards.

Bambridge

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The creditor was Mr. Bambridge, a horse-dealer of the neighborhood, whose company was much sought in Middlemarch by young men understood to be “addicted to pleasure.”

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Whate’er they be, I’ll eat my head, But I will beat them hollow.”

beatverbUS /biːt/

come out better in a competition, race, or conflict

From this reading Whate’er they be, I’ll eat my head, But I will beat them hollow.”

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading During the vacations Fred had naturally required more amusements than he had ready money for, and Mr. Bambridge had been accommodating enough not only to trust him for the hire of horses and the accidental expense of ruining a fine hunter, but also to make a small advance by which he might be able to meet some losses at billiards.

billiardsnounUS /ˈbɪljərdz/

any of several games played on rectangular cloth-covered table (with cushioned edges) in which long tapering cue sticks are used to propel ivory (or composition) balls

From this reading During the vacations Fred had naturally required more amusements than he had ready money for, and Mr. Bambridge had been accommodating enough not only to trust him for the hire of horses and the accidental expense of ruining a fine hunter, but also to make a small advance by which he might be able to meet some losses at billiards.

buoyant-hearted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Fred Vincy, we have seen, had a debt on his mind, and though no such immaterial burthen could depress that buoyant-hearted young gentleman for many hours together, there were circumstances connected with this debt which made the thought of it unusually importunate.

burthen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Fred Vincy, we have seen, had a debt on his mind, and though no such immaterial burthen could depress that buoyant-hearted young gentleman for many hours together, there were circumstances connected with this debt which made the thought of it unusually importunate.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Whate’er they be, I’ll eat my head, But I will beat them hollow.”

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The creditor was Mr. Bambridge, a horse-dealer of the neighborhood, whose company was much sought in Middlemarch by young men understood to be “addicted to pleasure.”

circumstancesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading Fred Vincy, we have seen, had a debt on his mind, and though no such immaterial burthen could depress that buoyant-hearted young gentleman for many hours together, there were circumstances connected with this debt which made the thought of it unusually importunate.

companynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading The creditor was Mr. Bambridge, a horse-dealer of the neighborhood, whose company was much sought in Middlemarch by young men understood to be “addicted to pleasure.”

connectedadjectiveUS /kəˈnektɪd/

being joined in close association

From this reading Fred Vincy, we have seen, had a debt on his mind, and though no such immaterial burthen could depress that buoyant-hearted young gentleman for many hours together, there were circumstances connected with this debt which made the thought of it unusually importunate.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Fred Vincy, we have seen, had a debt on his mind, and though no such immaterial burthen could depress that buoyant-hearted young gentleman for many hours together, there were circumstances connected with this debt which made the thought of it unusually importunate.

creditornounUS /ˈkredətər/

a person to whom money is owed by a debtor; someone to whom an obligation exists

From this reading The creditor was Mr. Bambridge, a horse-dealer of the neighborhood, whose company was much sought in Middlemarch by young men understood to be “addicted to pleasure.”

debtnounUS /det/

the state of owing something (especially money)

From this reading Fred Vincy, we have seen, had a debt on his mind, and though no such immaterial burthen could depress that buoyant-hearted young gentleman for many hours together, there were circumstances connected with this debt which made the thought of it unusually importunate.

depressverbUS /dɪˈpres/

lower someone's spirits; make downhearted

From this reading Fred Vincy, we have seen, had a debt on his mind, and though no such immaterial burthen could depress that buoyant-hearted young gentleman for many hours together, there were circumstances connected with this debt which made the thought of it unusually importunate.

DuringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading During the vacations Fred had naturally required more amusements than he had ready money for, and Mr. Bambridge had been accommodating enough not only to trust him for the hire of horses and the accidental expense of ruining a fine hunter, but also to make a small advance by which he might be able to meet some losses at billiards.

eatverbUS /iːt/

take in solid food

From this reading Whate’er they be, I’ll eat my head, But I will beat them hollow.”

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading During the vacations Fred had naturally required more amusements than he had ready money for, and Mr. Bambridge had been accommodating enough not only to trust him for the hire of horses and the accidental expense of ruining a fine hunter, but also to make a small advance by which he might be able to meet some losses at billiards.

expensenounUS /ɪkˈspens/

amounts paid for goods and services that may be currently tax deductible (as opposed to capital expenditures)

From this reading During the vacations Fred had naturally required more amusements than he had ready money for, and Mr. Bambridge had been accommodating enough not only to trust him for the hire of horses and the accidental expense of ruining a fine hunter, but also to make a small advance by which he might be able to meet some losses at billiards.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading During the vacations Fred had naturally required more amusements than he had ready money for, and Mr. Bambridge had been accommodating enough not only to trust him for the hire of horses and the accidental expense of ruining a fine hunter, but also to make a small advance by which he might be able to meet some losses at billiards.

first-rateadjectiveUS /ˌfɜːrˈstreɪt/

of the highest quality

From this reading “Your horses of the Sun,” he said, “And first-rate whip Apollo!

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Fred Vincy, we have seen, had a debt on his mind, and though no such immaterial burthen could depress that buoyant-hearted young gentleman for many hours together, there were circumstances connected with this debt which made the thought of it unusually importunate.

Fred

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Fred Vincy, we have seen, had a debt on his mind, and though no such immaterial burthen could depress that buoyant-hearted young gentleman for many hours together, there were circumstances connected with this debt which made the thought of it unusually importunate.

gentlemannounUS /ˈdʒentəlmən/

a man of refinement

From this reading Fred Vincy, we have seen, had a debt on his mind, and though no such immaterial burthen could depress that buoyant-hearted young gentleman for many hours together, there were circumstances connected with this debt which made the thought of it unusually importunate.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Fred Vincy, we have seen, had a debt on his mind, and though no such immaterial burthen could depress that buoyant-hearted young gentleman for many hours together, there were circumstances connected with this debt which made the thought of it unusually importunate.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Fred Vincy, we have seen, had a debt on his mind, and though no such immaterial burthen could depress that buoyant-hearted young gentleman for many hours together, there were circumstances connected with this debt which made the thought of it unusually importunate.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading “Your horses of the Sun,” he said, “And first-rate whip Apollo!

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading Whate’er they be, I’ll eat my head, But I will beat them hollow.”

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading During the vacations Fred had naturally required more amusements than he had ready money for, and Mr. Bambridge had been accommodating enough not only to trust him for the hire of horses and the accidental expense of ruining a fine hunter, but also to make a small advance by which he might be able to meet some losses at billiards.

hireverbUS /ˈhaɪər/

engage or hire for work

From this reading During the vacations Fred had naturally required more amusements than he had ready money for, and Mr. Bambridge had been accommodating enough not only to trust him for the hire of horses and the accidental expense of ruining a fine hunter, but also to make a small advance by which he might be able to meet some losses at billiards.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Fred Vincy, we have seen, had a debt on his mind, and though no such immaterial burthen could depress that buoyant-hearted young gentleman for many hours together, there were circumstances connected with this debt which made the thought of it unusually importunate.

hollowadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːloʊ/

not solid; having a space or gap or cavity

From this reading Whate’er they be, I’ll eat my head, But I will beat them hollow.”

horse-dealer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The creditor was Mr. Bambridge, a horse-dealer of the neighborhood, whose company was much sought in Middlemarch by young men understood to be “addicted to pleasure.”

horsesnounUS /ˈhɔːrsəz/

plural of “horse” — solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading “Your horses of the Sun,” he said, “And first-rate whip Apollo!

hoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading Fred Vincy, we have seen, had a debt on his mind, and though no such immaterial burthen could depress that buoyant-hearted young gentleman for many hours together, there were circumstances connected with this debt which made the thought of it unusually importunate.

hunternounUS /ˈhʌntər/

someone who hunts game

From this reading During the vacations Fred had naturally required more amusements than he had ready money for, and Mr. Bambridge had been accommodating enough not only to trust him for the hire of horses and the accidental expense of ruining a fine hunter, but also to make a small advance by which he might be able to meet some losses at billiards.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Whate’er they be, I’ll eat my head, But I will beat them hollow.”

I'll

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whate’er they be, I’ll eat my head, But I will beat them hollow.”

immaterialadjectiveUS /ˌɪməˈtɪriəl/

of no importance or relevance especially to a law case

From this reading Fred Vincy, we have seen, had a debt on his mind, and though no such immaterial burthen could depress that buoyant-hearted young gentleman for many hours together, there were circumstances connected with this debt which made the thought of it unusually importunate.

importunate

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Fred Vincy, we have seen, had a debt on his mind, and though no such immaterial burthen could depress that buoyant-hearted young gentleman for many hours together, there were circumstances connected with this debt which made the thought of it unusually importunate.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The creditor was Mr. Bambridge, a horse-dealer of the neighborhood, whose company was much sought in Middlemarch by young men understood to be “addicted to pleasure.”

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Fred Vincy, we have seen, had a debt on his mind, and though no such immaterial burthen could depress that buoyant-hearted young gentleman for many hours together, there were circumstances connected with this debt which made the thought of it unusually importunate.

lossesnounUS /ˈlɔːsəz/

something lost (especially money lost at gambling)

From this reading During the vacations Fred had naturally required more amusements than he had ready money for, and Mr. Bambridge had been accommodating enough not only to trust him for the hire of horses and the accidental expense of ruining a fine hunter, but also to make a small advance by which he might be able to meet some losses at billiards.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Fred Vincy, we have seen, had a debt on his mind, and though no such immaterial burthen could depress that buoyant-hearted young gentleman for many hours together, there were circumstances connected with this debt which made the thought of it unusually importunate.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading During the vacations Fred had naturally required more amusements than he had ready money for, and Mr. Bambridge had been accommodating enough not only to trust him for the hire of horses and the accidental expense of ruining a fine hunter, but also to make a small advance by which he might be able to meet some losses at billiards.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Fred Vincy, we have seen, had a debt on his mind, and though no such immaterial burthen could depress that buoyant-hearted young gentleman for many hours together, there were circumstances connected with this debt which made the thought of it unusually importunate.

meetverbUS /miːt/

come together

From this reading During the vacations Fred had naturally required more amusements than he had ready money for, and Mr. Bambridge had been accommodating enough not only to trust him for the hire of horses and the accidental expense of ruining a fine hunter, but also to make a small advance by which he might be able to meet some losses at billiards.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The creditor was Mr. Bambridge, a horse-dealer of the neighborhood, whose company was much sought in Middlemarch by young men understood to be “addicted to pleasure.”

Middlemarch

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The creditor was Mr. Bambridge, a horse-dealer of the neighborhood, whose company was much sought in Middlemarch by young men understood to be “addicted to pleasure.”

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading During the vacations Fred had naturally required more amusements than he had ready money for, and Mr. Bambridge had been accommodating enough not only to trust him for the hire of horses and the accidental expense of ruining a fine hunter, but also to make a small advance by which he might be able to meet some losses at billiards.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading Fred Vincy, we have seen, had a debt on his mind, and though no such immaterial burthen could depress that buoyant-hearted young gentleman for many hours together, there were circumstances connected with this debt which made the thought of it unusually importunate.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading During the vacations Fred had naturally required more amusements than he had ready money for, and Mr. Bambridge had been accommodating enough not only to trust him for the hire of horses and the accidental expense of ruining a fine hunter, but also to make a small advance by which he might be able to meet some losses at billiards.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading During the vacations Fred had naturally required more amusements than he had ready money for, and Mr. Bambridge had been accommodating enough not only to trust him for the hire of horses and the accidental expense of ruining a fine hunter, but also to make a small advance by which he might be able to meet some losses at billiards.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading The creditor was Mr. Bambridge, a horse-dealer of the neighborhood, whose company was much sought in Middlemarch by young men understood to be “addicted to pleasure.”

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading The creditor was Mr. Bambridge, a horse-dealer of the neighborhood, whose company was much sought in Middlemarch by young men understood to be “addicted to pleasure.”

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Whate’er they be, I’ll eat my head, But I will beat them hollow.”

naturallyadverbUS /ˈnætʃərəli/

as might be expected

From this reading During the vacations Fred had naturally required more amusements than he had ready money for, and Mr. Bambridge had been accommodating enough not only to trust him for the hire of horses and the accidental expense of ruining a fine hunter, but also to make a small advance by which he might be able to meet some losses at billiards.

neighborhoodnounUS /ˈneɪbərhʊd/

a surrounding or nearby region

From this reading The creditor was Mr. Bambridge, a horse-dealer of the neighborhood, whose company was much sought in Middlemarch by young men understood to be “addicted to pleasure.”

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Fred Vincy, we have seen, had a debt on his mind, and though no such immaterial burthen could depress that buoyant-hearted young gentleman for many hours together, there were circumstances connected with this debt which made the thought of it unusually importunate.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading During the vacations Fred had naturally required more amusements than he had ready money for, and Mr. Bambridge had been accommodating enough not only to trust him for the hire of horses and the accidental expense of ruining a fine hunter, but also to make a small advance by which he might be able to meet some losses at billiards.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading “Your horses of the Sun,” he said, “And first-rate whip Apollo!

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Fred Vincy, we have seen, had a debt on his mind, and though no such immaterial burthen could depress that buoyant-hearted young gentleman for many hours together, there were circumstances connected with this debt which made the thought of it unusually importunate.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading During the vacations Fred had naturally required more amusements than he had ready money for, and Mr. Bambridge had been accommodating enough not only to trust him for the hire of horses and the accidental expense of ruining a fine hunter, but also to make a small advance by which he might be able to meet some losses at billiards.

pleasurenounUS /ˈpleʒər/

a fundamental feeling that is hard to define but that people desire to experience

From this reading The creditor was Mr. Bambridge, a horse-dealer of the neighborhood, whose company was much sought in Middlemarch by young men understood to be “addicted to pleasure.”

readyadjectiveUS /ˈredi/

completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress

From this reading During the vacations Fred had naturally required more amusements than he had ready money for, and Mr. Bambridge had been accommodating enough not only to trust him for the hire of horses and the accidental expense of ruining a fine hunter, but also to make a small advance by which he might be able to meet some losses at billiards.

requiredadjectiveUS /riˈkwaɪərd/

necessary for relief or supply

From this reading During the vacations Fred had naturally required more amusements than he had ready money for, and Mr. Bambridge had been accommodating enough not only to trust him for the hire of horses and the accidental expense of ruining a fine hunter, but also to make a small advance by which he might be able to meet some losses at billiards.

ruiningnounUS /ˈruːɪnɪŋ/

destruction achieved by causing something to be wrecked or ruined

From this reading During the vacations Fred had naturally required more amusements than he had ready money for, and Mr. Bambridge had been accommodating enough not only to trust him for the hire of horses and the accidental expense of ruining a fine hunter, but also to make a small advance by which he might be able to meet some losses at billiards.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading “Your horses of the Sun,” he said, “And first-rate whip Apollo!

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Fred Vincy, we have seen, had a debt on his mind, and though no such immaterial burthen could depress that buoyant-hearted young gentleman for many hours together, there were circumstances connected with this debt which made the thought of it unusually importunate.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading During the vacations Fred had naturally required more amusements than he had ready money for, and Mr. Bambridge had been accommodating enough not only to trust him for the hire of horses and the accidental expense of ruining a fine hunter, but also to make a small advance by which he might be able to meet some losses at billiards.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading During the vacations Fred had naturally required more amusements than he had ready money for, and Mr. Bambridge had been accommodating enough not only to trust him for the hire of horses and the accidental expense of ruining a fine hunter, but also to make a small advance by which he might be able to meet some losses at billiards.

soughtadjectiveUS /sɔːt/

that is looked for

From this reading The creditor was Mr. Bambridge, a horse-dealer of the neighborhood, whose company was much sought in Middlemarch by young men understood to be “addicted to pleasure.”

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Fred Vincy, we have seen, had a debt on his mind, and though no such immaterial burthen could depress that buoyant-hearted young gentleman for many hours together, there were circumstances connected with this debt which made the thought of it unusually importunate.

SunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading “Your horses of the Sun,” he said, “And first-rate whip Apollo!

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading During the vacations Fred had naturally required more amusements than he had ready money for, and Mr. Bambridge had been accommodating enough not only to trust him for the hire of horses and the accidental expense of ruining a fine hunter, but also to make a small advance by which he might be able to meet some losses at billiards.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Fred Vincy, we have seen, had a debt on his mind, and though no such immaterial burthen could depress that buoyant-hearted young gentleman for many hours together, there were circumstances connected with this debt which made the thought of it unusually importunate.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading “Your horses of the Sun,” he said, “And first-rate whip Apollo!

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Whate’er they be, I’ll eat my head, But I will beat them hollow.”

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Fred Vincy, we have seen, had a debt on his mind, and though no such immaterial burthen could depress that buoyant-hearted young gentleman for many hours together, there were circumstances connected with this debt which made the thought of it unusually importunate.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Whate’er they be, I’ll eat my head, But I will beat them hollow.”

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Fred Vincy, we have seen, had a debt on his mind, and though no such immaterial burthen could depress that buoyant-hearted young gentleman for many hours together, there were circumstances connected with this debt which made the thought of it unusually importunate.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Fred Vincy, we have seen, had a debt on his mind, and though no such immaterial burthen could depress that buoyant-hearted young gentleman for many hours together, there were circumstances connected with this debt which made the thought of it unusually importunate.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Fred Vincy, we have seen, had a debt on his mind, and though no such immaterial burthen could depress that buoyant-hearted young gentleman for many hours together, there were circumstances connected with this debt which made the thought of it unusually importunate.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The creditor was Mr. Bambridge, a horse-dealer of the neighborhood, whose company was much sought in Middlemarch by young men understood to be “addicted to pleasure.”

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading Fred Vincy, we have seen, had a debt on his mind, and though no such immaterial burthen could depress that buoyant-hearted young gentleman for many hours together, there were circumstances connected with this debt which made the thought of it unusually importunate.

trustnounUS /trʌst/

something (as property) held by one party (the trustee) for the benefit of another (the beneficiary)

From this reading During the vacations Fred had naturally required more amusements than he had ready money for, and Mr. Bambridge had been accommodating enough not only to trust him for the hire of horses and the accidental expense of ruining a fine hunter, but also to make a small advance by which he might be able to meet some losses at billiards.

understoodadjectiveUS /ˌʌndərˈstʊd/

fully apprehended as to purport or meaning or explanation

From this reading The creditor was Mr. Bambridge, a horse-dealer of the neighborhood, whose company was much sought in Middlemarch by young men understood to be “addicted to pleasure.”

unusuallyadverbUS /əˈnjuːʒuːəli/

to a remarkable degree or extent

From this reading Fred Vincy, we have seen, had a debt on his mind, and though no such immaterial burthen could depress that buoyant-hearted young gentleman for many hours together, there were circumstances connected with this debt which made the thought of it unusually importunate.

vacationsnounUS /veɪˈkeɪʃənz/

plural of “vacation” — leisure time away from work devoted to rest or pleasure

From this reading During the vacations Fred had naturally required more amusements than he had ready money for, and Mr. Bambridge had been accommodating enough not only to trust him for the hire of horses and the accidental expense of ruining a fine hunter, but also to make a small advance by which he might be able to meet some losses at billiards.

Vincy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Fred Vincy, we have seen, had a debt on his mind, and though no such immaterial burthen could depress that buoyant-hearted young gentleman for many hours together, there were circumstances connected with this debt which made the thought of it unusually importunate.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The creditor was Mr. Bambridge, a horse-dealer of the neighborhood, whose company was much sought in Middlemarch by young men understood to be “addicted to pleasure.”

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Fred Vincy, we have seen, had a debt on his mind, and though no such immaterial burthen could depress that buoyant-hearted young gentleman for many hours together, there were circumstances connected with this debt which made the thought of it unusually importunate.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Fred Vincy, we have seen, had a debt on his mind, and though no such immaterial burthen could depress that buoyant-hearted young gentleman for many hours together, there were circumstances connected with this debt which made the thought of it unusually importunate.

Whate'er

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whate’er they be, I’ll eat my head, But I will beat them hollow.”

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Fred Vincy, we have seen, had a debt on his mind, and though no such immaterial burthen could depress that buoyant-hearted young gentleman for many hours together, there were circumstances connected with this debt which made the thought of it unusually importunate.

whipverbUS /wɪp/

beat severely with a whip or rod

From this reading “Your horses of the Sun,” he said, “And first-rate whip Apollo!

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading The creditor was Mr. Bambridge, a horse-dealer of the neighborhood, whose company was much sought in Middlemarch by young men understood to be “addicted to pleasure.”

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Whate’er they be, I’ll eat my head, But I will beat them hollow.”

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Fred Vincy, we have seen, had a debt on his mind, and though no such immaterial burthen could depress that buoyant-hearted young gentleman for many hours together, there were circumstances connected with this debt which made the thought of it unusually importunate.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading Fred Vincy, we have seen, had a debt on his mind, and though no such immaterial burthen could depress that buoyant-hearted young gentleman for many hours together, there were circumstances connected with this debt which made the thought of it unusually importunate.

YourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading “Your horses of the Sun,” he said, “And first-rate whip Apollo!

Chapter 12 of Middlemarch by George Eliot holds 339 sentences, grouped into 68 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of Middlemarch contain?

Chapter 12 holds 339 sentences of Middlemarch, unabridged, divided into 68 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of Middlemarch by George Eliot exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 339 sentences, grouped into 68 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of Middlemarch?

Work through the 68 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 68 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Middlemarch

Common questions about reading Middlemarch by George Eliot on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Middlemarch?

Yes. All 14163 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #145 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Middlemarch is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #145, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Middlemarch take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2833 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Middlemarch section by section

How to work through Middlemarch section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Middlemarch to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Middlemarch

Words and structures a reader meets early in Middlemarch, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Finale
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Middlemarch; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Prelude
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Middlemarch; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cares
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Middlemarch; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
History
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Middlemarch; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.