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Middlemarch
Middlemarch

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of Middlemarch is here in full — 248 sentences across 50 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/49 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
By swaggering could I never thrive, For the rain it raineth every day.
—_Twelfth Night_.
The transactions referred to by Caleb Garth as having gone forward between Mr. Bulstrode and Mr. Joshua Rigg Featherstone concerning the land attached to Stone Court, had occasioned the interchange of a letter or two between these personages.
Who shall tell what may be the effect of writing?
If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, or rest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Middlemarch

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of Middlemarch is here in full — 248 sentences across 50 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/49 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
By swaggering could I never thrive, For the rain it raineth every day.
Line 2
—_Twelfth Night_.
/twelfθ naɪt/
Line 3
The transactions referred to by Caleb Garth as having gone forward between Mr. Bulstrode and Mr. Joshua Rigg Featherstone concerning the land attached to Stone Court, had occasioned the interchange of a letter or two between these personages.
Line 4
Who shall tell what may be the effect of writing?
/huː ʃæl tel wʌt meɪ biː ðə ɪˈfekt ʌv ˈraɪtɪŋ/
Line 5
If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, orrest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

conquests noun US /ˈkɑːnkwests/

plural of “conquest” — the act of conquering

From this reading “If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, or “rest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.”

empires noun US /ˈempaɪərz/

plural of “empire” — the domain ruled by an emperor or empress; the region over which imperial dominion is exercised

From this reading “If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, or “rest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.”

interchange noun US /ˌɪntərˈtʃeɪndʒ/

a junction of highways on different levels that permits traffic to move from one to another without crossing traffic streams

From this reading “The transactions referred to by Caleb Garth as having gone forward between Mr. Bulstrode and Mr. Joshua Rigg Featherstone concerning the land attached to Stone Court, had occasioned the interchange of a letter or two between these personages.”

scandals noun US /ˈskændəlz/

plural of “scandal” — disgraceful gossip about the private lives of other people

From this reading “If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, or “rest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.”

swaggering adjective US /ˈswæɡərɪŋ/

having or showing arrogant superiority to and disdain of those one views as unworthy

From this reading “By swaggering could I never thrive, For the rain it raineth every day.”

thrive verb US /θraɪv/

grow vigorously

From this reading “By swaggering could I never thrive, For the rain it raineth every day.”

transactions noun US /trænˈzækʃənz/

a written account of what transpired at a meeting

From this reading “The transactions referred to by Caleb Garth as having gone forward between Mr. Bulstrode and Mr. Joshua Rigg Featherstone concerning the land attached to Stone Court, had occasioned the interchange of a letter or two between these personages.”

Twelfth adjective US /twelfθ/

coming next after the eleventh and just before the thirteenth in position

All words in this reading · 94

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The transactions referred to by Caleb Garth as having gone forward between Mr. Bulstrode and Mr. Joshua Rigg Featherstone concerning the land attached to Stone Court, had occasioned the interchange of a letter or two between these personages.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, or “rest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.

agesnounUS /ˈeɪdʒəz/

plural of “age” — how long something has existed

From this reading If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, or “rest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, or “rest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The transactions referred to by Caleb Garth as having gone forward between Mr. Bulstrode and Mr. Joshua Rigg Featherstone concerning the land attached to Stone Court, had occasioned the interchange of a letter or two between these personages.

apparentlyadverbUS /əˈperəntli/

from appearances alone

From this reading If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, or “rest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The transactions referred to by Caleb Garth as having gone forward between Mr. Bulstrode and Mr. Joshua Rigg Featherstone concerning the land attached to Stone Court, had occasioned the interchange of a letter or two between these personages.

attachedadjectiveUS /əˈtætʃt/

being joined in close association

From this reading The transactions referred to by Caleb Garth as having gone forward between Mr. Bulstrode and Mr. Joshua Rigg Featherstone concerning the land attached to Stone Court, had occasioned the interchange of a letter or two between these personages.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Who shall tell what may be the effect of writing?

beachnounUS /biːtʃ/

an area of sand sloping down to the water of a sea or lake

From this reading If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, or “rest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, or “rest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, or “rest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading The transactions referred to by Caleb Garth as having gone forward between Mr. Bulstrode and Mr. Joshua Rigg Featherstone concerning the land attached to Stone Court, had occasioned the interchange of a letter or two between these personages.

Bulstrode

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The transactions referred to by Caleb Garth as having gone forward between Mr. Bulstrode and Mr. Joshua Rigg Featherstone concerning the land attached to Stone Court, had occasioned the interchange of a letter or two between these personages.

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading By swaggering could I never thrive, For the rain it raineth every day.

Caleb

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The transactions referred to by Caleb Garth as having gone forward between Mr. Bulstrode and Mr. Joshua Rigg Featherstone concerning the land attached to Stone Court, had occasioned the interchange of a letter or two between these personages.

concerningverbUS /kənˈsɜːrnɪŋ/

-ing form of “concern” — be relevant to

From this reading The transactions referred to by Caleb Garth as having gone forward between Mr. Bulstrode and Mr. Joshua Rigg Featherstone concerning the land attached to Stone Court, had occasioned the interchange of a letter or two between these personages.

conquestsnounUS /ˈkɑːnkwests/

plural of “conquest” — the act of conquering

From this reading If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, or “rest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading By swaggering could I never thrive, For the rain it raineth every day.

CourtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading The transactions referred to by Caleb Garth as having gone forward between Mr. Bulstrode and Mr. Joshua Rigg Featherstone concerning the land attached to Stone Court, had occasioned the interchange of a letter or two between these personages.

cutverbUS /kʌt/

separate with or as if with an instrument

From this reading If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, or “rest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading By swaggering could I never thrive, For the rain it raineth every day.

down-most

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, or “rest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.

drumsnounUS /drʌmz/

plural of “drum” — a musical percussion instrument; usually consists of a hollow cylinder with a membrane stretched across each end

From this reading If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, or “rest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.

effectnounUS /ɪˈfekt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading Who shall tell what may be the effect of writing?

empiresnounUS /ˈempaɪərz/

plural of “empire” — the domain ruled by an emperor or empress; the region over which imperial dominion is exercised

From this reading If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, or “rest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, or “rest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading By swaggering could I never thrive, For the rain it raineth every day.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, or “rest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.

Featherstone

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The transactions referred to by Caleb Garth as having gone forward between Mr. Bulstrode and Mr. Joshua Rigg Featherstone concerning the land attached to Stone Court, had occasioned the interchange of a letter or two between these personages.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading By swaggering could I never thrive, For the rain it raineth every day.

forsakenverbUS /fɔːrˈseɪkən/

inflected form of “forsake” — leave someone who needs or counts on you; leave in the lurch

From this reading If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, or “rest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.

forwardadverbUS /ˈfɔːrwərd/

at or to or toward the front

From this reading The transactions referred to by Caleb Garth as having gone forward between Mr. Bulstrode and Mr. Joshua Rigg Featherstone concerning the land attached to Stone Court, had occasioned the interchange of a letter or two between these personages.

Garth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The transactions referred to by Caleb Garth as having gone forward between Mr. Bulstrode and Mr. Joshua Rigg Featherstone concerning the land attached to Stone Court, had occasioned the interchange of a letter or two between these personages.

goneadjectiveUS /ɡɔːn/

destroyed or killed

From this reading The transactions referred to by Caleb Garth as having gone forward between Mr. Bulstrode and Mr. Joshua Rigg Featherstone concerning the land attached to Stone Court, had occasioned the interchange of a letter or two between these personages.

gossiped

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, or “rest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The transactions referred to by Caleb Garth as having gone forward between Mr. Bulstrode and Mr. Joshua Rigg Featherstone concerning the land attached to Stone Court, had occasioned the interchange of a letter or two between these personages.

happensverbUS /ˈhæpənz/

third-person singular of “happen” — come to pass

From this reading If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, or “rest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, or “rest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading The transactions referred to by Caleb Garth as having gone forward between Mr. Bulstrode and Mr. Joshua Rigg Featherstone concerning the land attached to Stone Court, had occasioned the interchange of a letter or two between these personages.

hugeadjectiveUS /hjuːdʒ/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, or “rest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading By swaggering could I never thrive, For the rain it raineth every day.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, or “rest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, or “rest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.

interchangenounUS /ˌɪntərˈtʃeɪndʒ/

a junction of highways on different levels that permits traffic to move from one to another without crossing traffic streams

From this reading The transactions referred to by Caleb Garth as having gone forward between Mr. Bulstrode and Mr. Joshua Rigg Featherstone concerning the land attached to Stone Court, had occasioned the interchange of a letter or two between these personages.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, or “rest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading By swaggering could I never thrive, For the rain it raineth every day.

JoshuanounUS /ˈdʒɑːʃuːə/

(Old Testament) Moses' successor who led the Israelites into the Promised Land; best remembered for his destruction of Jericho

From this reading The transactions referred to by Caleb Garth as having gone forward between Mr. Bulstrode and Mr. Joshua Rigg Featherstone concerning the land attached to Stone Court, had occasioned the interchange of a letter or two between these personages.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading The transactions referred to by Caleb Garth as having gone forward between Mr. Bulstrode and Mr. Joshua Rigg Featherstone concerning the land attached to Stone Court, had occasioned the interchange of a letter or two between these personages.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading The transactions referred to by Caleb Garth as having gone forward between Mr. Bulstrode and Mr. Joshua Rigg Featherstone concerning the land attached to Stone Court, had occasioned the interchange of a letter or two between these personages.

lettingnounUS /ˈletɪŋ/

property that is leased or rented out or let

From this reading If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, or “rest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.

lieverbUS /laɪ/

be located or situated somewhere; occupy a certain position

From this reading If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, or “rest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, or “rest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, or “rest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Who shall tell what may be the effect of writing?

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading The transactions referred to by Caleb Garth as having gone forward between Mr. Bulstrode and Mr. Joshua Rigg Featherstone concerning the land attached to Stone Court, had occasioned the interchange of a letter or two between these personages.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading By swaggering could I never thrive, For the rain it raineth every day.

NightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading —_Twelfth Night_.

occasionedverbUS /əˈkeɪʒənd/

past form of “occasion” — give occasion to

From this reading The transactions referred to by Caleb Garth as having gone forward between Mr. Bulstrode and Mr. Joshua Rigg Featherstone concerning the land attached to Stone Court, had occasioned the interchange of a letter or two between these personages.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The transactions referred to by Caleb Garth as having gone forward between Mr. Bulstrode and Mr. Joshua Rigg Featherstone concerning the land attached to Stone Court, had occasioned the interchange of a letter or two between these personages.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, or “rest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The transactions referred to by Caleb Garth as having gone forward between Mr. Bulstrode and Mr. Joshua Rigg Featherstone concerning the land attached to Stone Court, had occasioned the interchange of a letter or two between these personages.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, or “rest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.

personages

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The transactions referred to by Caleb Garth as having gone forward between Mr. Bulstrode and Mr. Joshua Rigg Featherstone concerning the land attached to Stone Court, had occasioned the interchange of a letter or two between these personages.

quietlyadverbUS /ˈkwaɪətli/

with low volume

From this reading If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, or “rest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.

rainnounUS /reɪn/

water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere

From this reading By swaggering could I never thrive, For the rain it raineth every day.

raineth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By swaggering could I never thrive, For the rain it raineth every day.

referredverbUS /rəˈfɜːrd/

inflected form of “refer” — make reference to

From this reading The transactions referred to by Caleb Garth as having gone forward between Mr. Bulstrode and Mr. Joshua Rigg Featherstone concerning the land attached to Stone Court, had occasioned the interchange of a letter or two between these personages.

restverbUS /rest/

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, or “rest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.

Rigg

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The transactions referred to by Caleb Garth as having gone forward between Mr. Bulstrode and Mr. Joshua Rigg Featherstone concerning the land attached to Stone Court, had occasioned the interchange of a letter or two between these personages.

scandalsnounUS /ˈskændəlz/

plural of “scandal” — disgraceful gossip about the private lives of other people

From this reading If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, or “rest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.

secretnounUS /ˈsiː.krət/

Something that is kept or meant to be kept unknown or unseen by others.

From this reading If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, or “rest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading Who shall tell what may be the effect of writing?

StonenounUS /stoʊn/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading The transactions referred to by Caleb Garth as having gone forward between Mr. Bulstrode and Mr. Joshua Rigg Featherstone concerning the land attached to Stone Court, had occasioned the interchange of a letter or two between these personages.

swaggeringadjectiveUS /ˈswæɡərɪŋ/

having or showing arrogant superiority to and disdain of those one views as unworthy

From this reading By swaggering could I never thrive, For the rain it raineth every day.

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading Who shall tell what may be the effect of writing?

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading By swaggering could I never thrive, For the rain it raineth every day.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading The transactions referred to by Caleb Garth as having gone forward between Mr. Bulstrode and Mr. Joshua Rigg Featherstone concerning the land attached to Stone Court, had occasioned the interchange of a letter or two between these personages.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, or “rest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, or “rest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.

thriveverbUS /θraɪv/

grow vigorously

From this reading By swaggering could I never thrive, For the rain it raineth every day.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The transactions referred to by Caleb Garth as having gone forward between Mr. Bulstrode and Mr. Joshua Rigg Featherstone concerning the land attached to Stone Court, had occasioned the interchange of a letter or two between these personages.

tramplings

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, or “rest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.

transactionsnounUS /trænˈzækʃənz/

a written account of what transpired at a meeting

From this reading The transactions referred to by Caleb Garth as having gone forward between Mr. Bulstrode and Mr. Joshua Rigg Featherstone concerning the land attached to Stone Court, had occasioned the interchange of a letter or two between these personages.

TwelfthadjectiveUS /twelfθ/

coming next after the eleventh and just before the thirteenth in position

From this reading —_Twelfth Night_.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The transactions referred to by Caleb Garth as having gone forward between Mr. Bulstrode and Mr. Joshua Rigg Featherstone concerning the land attached to Stone Court, had occasioned the interchange of a letter or two between these personages.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, or “rest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, or “rest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.

usurpations

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, or “rest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Who shall tell what may be the effect of writing?

whispering-gallery

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, or “rest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.

WhopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Who shall tell what may be the effect of writing?

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading If it happens to have been cut in stone, though it lie face down-most for ages on a forsaken beach, or “rest quietly under the drums and tramplings of many conquests,” it may end by letting us into the secret of usurpations and other scandals gossiped about long empires ago:—this world being apparently a huge whispering-gallery.

writingnounUS /ˈraɪtɪŋ/

the act of creating written works

From this reading Who shall tell what may be the effect of writing?

Chapter 20 of Middlemarch by George Eliot holds 248 sentences, grouped into 50 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of Middlemarch contain?

Chapter 20 holds 248 sentences of Middlemarch, unabridged, divided into 50 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of Middlemarch by George Eliot exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 248 sentences, grouped into 50 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of Middlemarch?

Work through the 50 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 50 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Middlemarch

Common questions about reading Middlemarch by George Eliot on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Middlemarch?

Yes. All 14163 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #145 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Middlemarch is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #145, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Middlemarch take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2833 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Middlemarch section by section

How to work through Middlemarch section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Middlemarch to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Middlemarch

Words and structures a reader meets early in Middlemarch, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Finale
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Middlemarch; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Prelude
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Middlemarch; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cares
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Middlemarch; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
History
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Middlemarch; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.