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Milton
Milton

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Milton is here in full — 93 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/18 · 5 lines
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MILTON AND SALMASIUS.--BLINDNESS.
The mystery which long surrounded the authorship of _Eikon Basilike_ lends a literary interest to Milton's share in that controversy, which does not belong to his next appearance in print.
Besides, his pamphlets against Salmasius and Morus are written in Latin, and to the general reader in this country and in America inaccessible in consequence.
In Milton's day it was otherwise; the widest circle of readers could only be reached through Latin.
For this reason, when Charles II. wanted a public vindication of his father's memory, it was indispensable that it should be composed in that language.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Milton

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Milton is here in full — 93 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
MILTON AND SALMASIUS.--BLINDNESS.
Line 2
The mystery which long surrounded the authorship of _Eikon Basilike_ lends a literary interest to Milton's share in that controversy, which does not belong to his next appearance in print.
Line 3
Besides, his pamphlets against Salmasius and Morus are written in Latin, and to the general reader in this country and in America inaccessible in consequence.
Line 4
In Milton's day it was otherwise; the widest circle of readers could only be reached through Latin.
Line 5
For this reason, when Charles II. wanted a public vindication of his father's memory, it was indispensable that it should be composed in that language.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

authorship noun US /ˈɔːθərʃɪp/

the act of creating written works

From this reading “The mystery which long surrounded the authorship of _Eikon Basilike_ lends a literary interest to Milton's share in that controversy, which does not belong to his next appearance in print.”

blindness noun US /ˈblaɪndnəs/

the state of being blind or lacking sight

From this reading “MILTON AND SALMASIUS.--BLINDNESS.”

controversy noun US /ˈkɑːntrəvɜːrsi/

a contentious speech act; a dispute where there is strong disagreement

From this reading “The mystery which long surrounded the authorship of _Eikon Basilike_ lends a literary interest to Milton's share in that controversy, which does not belong to his next appearance in print.”

inaccessible adjective US /ˌɪnəkˈsesəbəl/

capable of being reached only with great difficulty or not at all

From this reading “Besides, his pamphlets against Salmasius and Morus are written in Latin, and to the general reader in this country and in America inaccessible in consequence.”

lends verb US /lendz/

third-person singular of “lend” — bestow a quality on

From this reading “The mystery which long surrounded the authorship of _Eikon Basilike_ lends a literary interest to Milton's share in that controversy, which does not belong to his next appearance in print.”

pamphlets noun US /ˈpæmfləts/

plural of “pamphlet” — a small book usually having a paper cover

From this reading “Besides, his pamphlets against Salmasius and Morus are written in Latin, and to the general reader in this country and in America inaccessible in consequence.”

vindication noun US /vɪndəˈkeɪʃən/

the act of vindicating or defending against criticism or censure etc.

From this reading “For this reason, when Charles II. wanted a public vindication of his father's memory, it was indispensable that it should be composed in that language.”

widest adjective US /ˈwaɪdəst/

superlative of “wide” — having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading “In Milton's day it was otherwise; the widest circle of readers could only be reached through Latin.”

All words in this reading · 70

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The mystery which long surrounded the authorship of _Eikon Basilike_ lends a literary interest to Milton's share in that controversy, which does not belong to his next appearance in print.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Besides, his pamphlets against Salmasius and Morus are written in Latin, and to the general reader in this country and in America inaccessible in consequence.

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading Besides, his pamphlets against Salmasius and Morus are written in Latin, and to the general reader in this country and in America inaccessible in consequence.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading MILTON AND SALMASIUS.--BLINDNESS.

appearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading The mystery which long surrounded the authorship of _Eikon Basilike_ lends a literary interest to Milton's share in that controversy, which does not belong to his next appearance in print.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Besides, his pamphlets against Salmasius and Morus are written in Latin, and to the general reader in this country and in America inaccessible in consequence.

authorshipnounUS /ˈɔːθərʃɪp/

the act of creating written works

From this reading The mystery which long surrounded the authorship of _Eikon Basilike_ lends a literary interest to Milton's share in that controversy, which does not belong to his next appearance in print.

Basilike

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The mystery which long surrounded the authorship of _Eikon Basilike_ lends a literary interest to Milton's share in that controversy, which does not belong to his next appearance in print.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading In Milton's day it was otherwise; the widest circle of readers could only be reached through Latin.

belongverbUS /bɪˈlɔːŋ/

be owned by; be in the possession of

From this reading The mystery which long surrounded the authorship of _Eikon Basilike_ lends a literary interest to Milton's share in that controversy, which does not belong to his next appearance in print.

BesidesprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪdz/

in addition to; as well as

From this reading Besides, his pamphlets against Salmasius and Morus are written in Latin, and to the general reader in this country and in America inaccessible in consequence.

BLINDNESSnounUS /ˈblaɪndnəs/

the state of being blind or lacking sight

From this reading MILTON AND SALMASIUS.--BLINDNESS.

CharlesnounUS /tʃɑːrlz/

King of France from 1560 to 1574 whose reign was dominated by his mother Catherine de Medicis (1550-1574)

From this reading For this reason, when Charles II. wanted a public vindication of his father's memory, it was indispensable that it should be composed in that language.

circlenounUS /ˈsɜːrkəl/

ellipse in which the two axes are of equal length; a plane curve generated by one point moving at a constant distance from a fixed point

From this reading In Milton's day it was otherwise; the widest circle of readers could only be reached through Latin.

composedadjectiveUS /kəmˈpoʊzd/

serenely self-possessed and free from agitation especially in times of stress

From this reading For this reason, when Charles II. wanted a public vindication of his father's memory, it was indispensable that it should be composed in that language.

consequencenounUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwəns/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading Besides, his pamphlets against Salmasius and Morus are written in Latin, and to the general reader in this country and in America inaccessible in consequence.

controversynounUS /ˈkɑːntrəvɜːrsi/

a contentious speech act; a dispute where there is strong disagreement

From this reading The mystery which long surrounded the authorship of _Eikon Basilike_ lends a literary interest to Milton's share in that controversy, which does not belong to his next appearance in print.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading In Milton's day it was otherwise; the widest circle of readers could only be reached through Latin.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Besides, his pamphlets against Salmasius and Morus are written in Latin, and to the general reader in this country and in America inaccessible in consequence.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading In Milton's day it was otherwise; the widest circle of readers could only be reached through Latin.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The mystery which long surrounded the authorship of _Eikon Basilike_ lends a literary interest to Milton's share in that controversy, which does not belong to his next appearance in print.

Eikon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The mystery which long surrounded the authorship of _Eikon Basilike_ lends a literary interest to Milton's share in that controversy, which does not belong to his next appearance in print.

father'snounUS /ˈfɑːðərz/

possessive form of “father” — a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading For this reason, when Charles II. wanted a public vindication of his father's memory, it was indispensable that it should be composed in that language.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For this reason, when Charles II. wanted a public vindication of his father's memory, it was indispensable that it should be composed in that language.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading Besides, his pamphlets against Salmasius and Morus are written in Latin, and to the general reader in this country and in America inaccessible in consequence.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The mystery which long surrounded the authorship of _Eikon Basilike_ lends a literary interest to Milton's share in that controversy, which does not belong to his next appearance in print.

IInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading For this reason, when Charles II. wanted a public vindication of his father's memory, it was indispensable that it should be composed in that language.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The mystery which long surrounded the authorship of _Eikon Basilike_ lends a literary interest to Milton's share in that controversy, which does not belong to his next appearance in print.

inaccessibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪnəkˈsesəbəl/

capable of being reached only with great difficulty or not at all

From this reading Besides, his pamphlets against Salmasius and Morus are written in Latin, and to the general reader in this country and in America inaccessible in consequence.

indispensableadjectiveUS /ˌɪndɪˈspensəbəl/

not to be dispensed with; essential

From this reading For this reason, when Charles II. wanted a public vindication of his father's memory, it was indispensable that it should be composed in that language.

interestnounUS /ˈɪntrəst/

a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading The mystery which long surrounded the authorship of _Eikon Basilike_ lends a literary interest to Milton's share in that controversy, which does not belong to his next appearance in print.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading In Milton's day it was otherwise; the widest circle of readers could only be reached through Latin.

languagenounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/

a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading For this reason, when Charles II. wanted a public vindication of his father's memory, it was indispensable that it should be composed in that language.

LatinadjectiveUS /ˈlætən/

of or relating to the ancient Latins or the Latin language

From this reading Besides, his pamphlets against Salmasius and Morus are written in Latin, and to the general reader in this country and in America inaccessible in consequence.

lendsverbUS /lendz/

third-person singular of “lend” — bestow a quality on

From this reading The mystery which long surrounded the authorship of _Eikon Basilike_ lends a literary interest to Milton's share in that controversy, which does not belong to his next appearance in print.

literaryadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəreri/

of or relating to or characteristic of literature

From this reading The mystery which long surrounded the authorship of _Eikon Basilike_ lends a literary interest to Milton's share in that controversy, which does not belong to his next appearance in print.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading The mystery which long surrounded the authorship of _Eikon Basilike_ lends a literary interest to Milton's share in that controversy, which does not belong to his next appearance in print.

memorynounUS /ˈmem.ər.i/

The faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information and knowledge.

From this reading For this reason, when Charles II. wanted a public vindication of his father's memory, it was indispensable that it should be composed in that language.

MILTONnounUS /ˈmɪltən/

English poet; remembered primarily as the author of an epic poem describing humanity's fall from grace (1608-1674)

From this reading MILTON AND SALMASIUS.--BLINDNESS.

Milton's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The mystery which long surrounded the authorship of _Eikon Basilike_ lends a literary interest to Milton's share in that controversy, which does not belong to his next appearance in print.

Morusnoun

type genus of the Moraceae: mulberries

From this reading Besides, his pamphlets against Salmasius and Morus are written in Latin, and to the general reader in this country and in America inaccessible in consequence.

mysterynounUS /ˈmɪstəri/

something that baffles understanding and cannot be explained

From this reading The mystery which long surrounded the authorship of _Eikon Basilike_ lends a literary interest to Milton's share in that controversy, which does not belong to his next appearance in print.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading The mystery which long surrounded the authorship of _Eikon Basilike_ lends a literary interest to Milton's share in that controversy, which does not belong to his next appearance in print.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The mystery which long surrounded the authorship of _Eikon Basilike_ lends a literary interest to Milton's share in that controversy, which does not belong to his next appearance in print.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The mystery which long surrounded the authorship of _Eikon Basilike_ lends a literary interest to Milton's share in that controversy, which does not belong to his next appearance in print.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading In Milton's day it was otherwise; the widest circle of readers could only be reached through Latin.

otherwiseadverbUS /ˈʌðərwaɪz/

in other respects or ways

From this reading In Milton's day it was otherwise; the widest circle of readers could only be reached through Latin.

pamphletsnounUS /ˈpæmfləts/

plural of “pamphlet” — a small book usually having a paper cover

From this reading Besides, his pamphlets against Salmasius and Morus are written in Latin, and to the general reader in this country and in America inaccessible in consequence.

printnounUS /prɪnt/

the text appearing in a book, newspaper, or other printed publication

From this reading The mystery which long surrounded the authorship of _Eikon Basilike_ lends a literary interest to Milton's share in that controversy, which does not belong to his next appearance in print.

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading For this reason, when Charles II. wanted a public vindication of his father's memory, it was indispensable that it should be composed in that language.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading In Milton's day it was otherwise; the widest circle of readers could only be reached through Latin.

readernounUS /ˈriːdər/

a person who enjoys reading

From this reading Besides, his pamphlets against Salmasius and Morus are written in Latin, and to the general reader in this country and in America inaccessible in consequence.

readersnounUS /ˈriːdərz/

plural of “reader” — a person who enjoys reading

From this reading In Milton's day it was otherwise; the widest circle of readers could only be reached through Latin.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading For this reason, when Charles II. wanted a public vindication of his father's memory, it was indispensable that it should be composed in that language.

SALMASIUS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MILTON AND SALMASIUS.--BLINDNESS.

shareverbUS /ʃer/

have in common

From this reading The mystery which long surrounded the authorship of _Eikon Basilike_ lends a literary interest to Milton's share in that controversy, which does not belong to his next appearance in print.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading For this reason, when Charles II. wanted a public vindication of his father's memory, it was indispensable that it should be composed in that language.

surroundedadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪd/

confined on all sides

From this reading The mystery which long surrounded the authorship of _Eikon Basilike_ lends a literary interest to Milton's share in that controversy, which does not belong to his next appearance in print.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The mystery which long surrounded the authorship of _Eikon Basilike_ lends a literary interest to Milton's share in that controversy, which does not belong to his next appearance in print.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The mystery which long surrounded the authorship of _Eikon Basilike_ lends a literary interest to Milton's share in that controversy, which does not belong to his next appearance in print.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Besides, his pamphlets against Salmasius and Morus are written in Latin, and to the general reader in this country and in America inaccessible in consequence.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading In Milton's day it was otherwise; the widest circle of readers could only be reached through Latin.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The mystery which long surrounded the authorship of _Eikon Basilike_ lends a literary interest to Milton's share in that controversy, which does not belong to his next appearance in print.

vindicationnounUS /vɪndəˈkeɪʃən/

the act of vindicating or defending against criticism or censure etc.

From this reading For this reason, when Charles II. wanted a public vindication of his father's memory, it was indispensable that it should be composed in that language.

wantedadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːntɪd/

desired or wished for or sought

From this reading For this reason, when Charles II. wanted a public vindication of his father's memory, it was indispensable that it should be composed in that language.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In Milton's day it was otherwise; the widest circle of readers could only be reached through Latin.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading For this reason, when Charles II. wanted a public vindication of his father's memory, it was indispensable that it should be composed in that language.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The mystery which long surrounded the authorship of _Eikon Basilike_ lends a literary interest to Milton's share in that controversy, which does not belong to his next appearance in print.

widestadjectiveUS /ˈwaɪdəst/

superlative of “wide” — having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading In Milton's day it was otherwise; the widest circle of readers could only be reached through Latin.

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading Besides, his pamphlets against Salmasius and Morus are written in Latin, and to the general reader in this country and in America inaccessible in consequence.

Chapter 8 of Milton by Mark Pattison holds 93 sentences, grouped into 19 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Milton contain?

Chapter 8 holds 93 sentences of Milton, unabridged, divided into 19 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Milton by Mark Pattison exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 93 sentences, grouped into 19 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Milton?

Work through the 19 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 19 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Milton

Common questions about reading Milton by Mark Pattison on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Milton?

Yes. All 2517 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #8770 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Milton is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #8770, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Milton take to read?

About 209 minutes of reading across 504 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Milton section by section

How to work through Milton section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Milton

Words and structures a reader meets early in Milton, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Residence
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Milton; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Horton--l'allegro--il
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Milton; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Penseroso--arcades--comus--lycidas
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Milton; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Milton
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Milton; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.