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Minor Poems of Michael Drayton
Minor Poems of Michael Drayton

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Minor Poems of Michael Drayton is here in full — 279 sentences across 56 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/55 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Long since the Summer layd Her lustie Brau'rie downe, The Autumne halfe is way'd, And BOREAS 'gins to frowne, 10 Since now I did behold Great BRVTES first builded Towne.
Though in the vtmost _Peake_, A while we doe remaine, Amongst the Mountaines bleake Expos'd to Sleet and Raine, No Sport our Houres shall breake, To exercise our Vaine.
What though bright PHŒBVS Beames Refresh the Southerne Ground, 20 And though the Princely _Thames_ With beautious Nymphs abound, And by old _Camber's_ Streames Be many Wonders found;
Yet many Riuers cleare Here glide in Siluer Swathes, And what of all most deare, _Buckston's_ delicious Bathes, Strong Ale and Noble Cheare, T' asswage breeme Winters scathes.
30 Those grim and horrid Caues, Whose Lookes affright the day, Wherein nice Nature saues, What she would not bewray, Our better leasure craues, And doth inuite our Lay.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Minor Poems of Michael Drayton

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Minor Poems of Michael Drayton is here in full — 279 sentences across 56 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/55 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Long since the Summer layd Her lustie Brau'rie downe, The Autumne halfe is way'd, And BOREAS 'gins to frowne, 10 Since now I did behold Great BRVTES first builded Towne.
Line 2
Though in the vtmost _Peake_, A while we doe remaine, Amongst the Mountaines bleake Expos'd to Sleet and Raine, No Sport our Houres shall breake, To exercise our Vaine.
Line 3
What though bright PHŒBVS Beames Refresh the Southerne Ground, 20 And though the Princely _Thames_ With beautious Nymphs abound, And by old _Camber's_ Streames Be many Wonders found;
Line 4
Yet many Riuers cleare Here glide in Siluer Swathes, And what of all most deare, _Buckston's_ delicious Bathes, Strong Ale and Noble Cheare, T' asswage breeme Winters scathes.
Line 5
30 Those grim and horrid Caues, Whose Lookes affright the day, Wherein nice Nature saues, What she would not bewray, Our better leasure craues, And doth inuite our Lay.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abound verb US /əˈbaʊnd/

be abundant or plentiful; exist in large quantities

From this reading “What though bright PHŒBVS Beames Refresh the Southerne Ground, 20 And though the Princely _Thames_ With beautious Nymphs abound, And by old _Camber's_ Streames Be many Wonders found;”

Bathes noun US /beɪðz/

plural of “bathe” — the act of swimming for pleasure or recreation

From this reading “Yet many Riuers cleare Here glide in Siluer Swathes, And what of all most deare, _Buckston's_ delicious Bathes, Strong Ale and Noble Cheare, T' asswage breeme Winters scathes.”

glide verb US /ɡlaɪd/

move smoothly and effortlessly

From this reading “Yet many Riuers cleare Here glide in Siluer Swathes, And what of all most deare, _Buckston's_ delicious Bathes, Strong Ale and Noble Cheare, T' asswage breeme Winters scathes.”

Nymphs noun US /nɪmfs/

plural of “nymph” — (classical mythology) a minor nature goddess usually depicted as a beautiful maiden

From this reading “What though bright PHŒBVS Beames Refresh the Southerne Ground, 20 And though the Princely _Thames_ With beautious Nymphs abound, And by old _Camber's_ Streames Be many Wonders found;”

Refresh verb US /rɪˈfreʃ/

refresh one's memory

From this reading “What though bright PHŒBVS Beames Refresh the Southerne Ground, 20 And though the Princely _Thames_ With beautious Nymphs abound, And by old _Camber's_ Streames Be many Wonders found;”

Sleet noun US /sliːt/

partially melted snow (or a mixture of rain and snow)

From this reading “Though in the vtmost _Peake_, A while we doe remaine, Amongst the Mountaines bleake Expos'd to Sleet and Raine, No Sport our Houres shall breake, To exercise our Vaine.”

Thames noun US /temz/

the longest river in England; flows eastward through London to the North Sea

Winters noun US /ˈwɪntərz/

plural of “winter” — the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading “Yet many Riuers cleare Here glide in Siluer Swathes, And what of all most deare, _Buckston's_ delicious Bathes, Strong Ale and Noble Cheare, T' asswage breeme Winters scathes.”

All words in this reading · 119

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

10

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Long since the Summer layd Her lustie Brau'rie downe, The Autumne halfe is way'd, And BOREAS 'gins to frowne, 10 Since now I did behold Great BRVTES first builded Towne.

20

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What though bright PHŒBVS Beames Refresh the Southerne Ground, 20 And though the Princely _Thames_ With beautious Nymphs abound, And by old _Camber's_ Streames Be many Wonders found;

30

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 30 Those grim and horrid Caues, Whose Lookes affright the day, Wherein nice Nature saues, What she would not bewray, Our better leasure craues, And doth inuite our Lay.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Though in the vtmost _Peake_, A while we doe remaine, Amongst the Mountaines bleake Expos'd to Sleet and Raine, No Sport our Houres shall breake, To exercise our Vaine.

aboundverbUS /əˈbaʊnd/

be abundant or plentiful; exist in large quantities

From this reading What though bright PHŒBVS Beames Refresh the Southerne Ground, 20 And though the Princely _Thames_ With beautious Nymphs abound, And by old _Camber's_ Streames Be many Wonders found;

affrightnoun

an overwhelming feeling of fear and anxiety

From this reading 30 Those grim and horrid Caues, Whose Lookes affright the day, Wherein nice Nature saues, What she would not bewray, Our better leasure craues, And doth inuite our Lay.

AlenounUS /eɪl/

a general name for beer made with a top fermenting yeast; in some of the United States an ale is (by law) a brew of more than 4% alcohol by volume

From this reading Yet many Riuers cleare Here glide in Siluer Swathes, And what of all most deare, _Buckston's_ delicious Bathes, Strong Ale and Noble Cheare, T' asswage breeme Winters scathes.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Yet many Riuers cleare Here glide in Siluer Swathes, And what of all most deare, _Buckston's_ delicious Bathes, Strong Ale and Noble Cheare, T' asswage breeme Winters scathes.

AmongstprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋst/

surrounded by; in the company of

From this reading Though in the vtmost _Peake_, A while we doe remaine, Amongst the Mountaines bleake Expos'd to Sleet and Raine, No Sport our Houres shall breake, To exercise our Vaine.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Long since the Summer layd Her lustie Brau'rie downe, The Autumne halfe is way'd, And BOREAS 'gins to frowne, 10 Since now I did behold Great BRVTES first builded Towne.

asswage

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Yet many Riuers cleare Here glide in Siluer Swathes, And what of all most deare, _Buckston's_ delicious Bathes, Strong Ale and Noble Cheare, T' asswage breeme Winters scathes.

Autumne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Long since the Summer layd Her lustie Brau'rie downe, The Autumne halfe is way'd, And BOREAS 'gins to frowne, 10 Since now I did behold Great BRVTES first builded Towne.

BathesnounUS /beɪðz/

plural of “bathe” — the act of swimming for pleasure or recreation

From this reading Yet many Riuers cleare Here glide in Siluer Swathes, And what of all most deare, _Buckston's_ delicious Bathes, Strong Ale and Noble Cheare, T' asswage breeme Winters scathes.

Beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading What though bright PHŒBVS Beames Refresh the Southerne Ground, 20 And though the Princely _Thames_ With beautious Nymphs abound, And by old _Camber's_ Streames Be many Wonders found;

Beames

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What though bright PHŒBVS Beames Refresh the Southerne Ground, 20 And though the Princely _Thames_ With beautious Nymphs abound, And by old _Camber's_ Streames Be many Wonders found;

beautious

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What though bright PHŒBVS Beames Refresh the Southerne Ground, 20 And though the Princely _Thames_ With beautious Nymphs abound, And by old _Camber's_ Streames Be many Wonders found;

beholdverbUS /bɪˈhoʊld/

see with attention

From this reading Long since the Summer layd Her lustie Brau'rie downe, The Autumne halfe is way'd, And BOREAS 'gins to frowne, 10 Since now I did behold Great BRVTES first builded Towne.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading 30 Those grim and horrid Caues, Whose Lookes affright the day, Wherein nice Nature saues, What she would not bewray, Our better leasure craues, And doth inuite our Lay.

bewrayverb

reveal unintentionally

From this reading 30 Those grim and horrid Caues, Whose Lookes affright the day, Wherein nice Nature saues, What she would not bewray, Our better leasure craues, And doth inuite our Lay.

bleake

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Though in the vtmost _Peake_, A while we doe remaine, Amongst the Mountaines bleake Expos'd to Sleet and Raine, No Sport our Houres shall breake, To exercise our Vaine.

BOREASnoun

a wind that blows from the north

From this reading Long since the Summer layd Her lustie Brau'rie downe, The Autumne halfe is way'd, And BOREAS 'gins to frowne, 10 Since now I did behold Great BRVTES first builded Towne.

Brau'rie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Long since the Summer layd Her lustie Brau'rie downe, The Autumne halfe is way'd, And BOREAS 'gins to frowne, 10 Since now I did behold Great BRVTES first builded Towne.

breake

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Though in the vtmost _Peake_, A while we doe remaine, Amongst the Mountaines bleake Expos'd to Sleet and Raine, No Sport our Houres shall breake, To exercise our Vaine.

breeme

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Yet many Riuers cleare Here glide in Siluer Swathes, And what of all most deare, _Buckston's_ delicious Bathes, Strong Ale and Noble Cheare, T' asswage breeme Winters scathes.

brightadjectiveUS /braɪt/

emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts

From this reading What though bright PHŒBVS Beames Refresh the Southerne Ground, 20 And though the Princely _Thames_ With beautious Nymphs abound, And by old _Camber's_ Streames Be many Wonders found;

BRVTES

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Long since the Summer layd Her lustie Brau'rie downe, The Autumne halfe is way'd, And BOREAS 'gins to frowne, 10 Since now I did behold Great BRVTES first builded Towne.

Buckston's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Yet many Riuers cleare Here glide in Siluer Swathes, And what of all most deare, _Buckston's_ delicious Bathes, Strong Ale and Noble Cheare, T' asswage breeme Winters scathes.

builded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Long since the Summer layd Her lustie Brau'rie downe, The Autumne halfe is way'd, And BOREAS 'gins to frowne, 10 Since now I did behold Great BRVTES first builded Towne.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading What though bright PHŒBVS Beames Refresh the Southerne Ground, 20 And though the Princely _Thames_ With beautious Nymphs abound, And by old _Camber's_ Streames Be many Wonders found;

Camber's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What though bright PHŒBVS Beames Refresh the Southerne Ground, 20 And though the Princely _Thames_ With beautious Nymphs abound, And by old _Camber's_ Streames Be many Wonders found;

Caues

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 30 Those grim and horrid Caues, Whose Lookes affright the day, Wherein nice Nature saues, What she would not bewray, Our better leasure craues, And doth inuite our Lay.

Cheare

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Yet many Riuers cleare Here glide in Siluer Swathes, And what of all most deare, _Buckston's_ delicious Bathes, Strong Ale and Noble Cheare, T' asswage breeme Winters scathes.

cleare

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Yet many Riuers cleare Here glide in Siluer Swathes, And what of all most deare, _Buckston's_ delicious Bathes, Strong Ale and Noble Cheare, T' asswage breeme Winters scathes.

craues

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 30 Those grim and horrid Caues, Whose Lookes affright the day, Wherein nice Nature saues, What she would not bewray, Our better leasure craues, And doth inuite our Lay.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading 30 Those grim and horrid Caues, Whose Lookes affright the day, Wherein nice Nature saues, What she would not bewray, Our better leasure craues, And doth inuite our Lay.

deare

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Yet many Riuers cleare Here glide in Siluer Swathes, And what of all most deare, _Buckston's_ delicious Bathes, Strong Ale and Noble Cheare, T' asswage breeme Winters scathes.

deliciousadjectiveUS /dɪˈlɪʃəs/

greatly pleasing or entertaining

From this reading Yet many Riuers cleare Here glide in Siluer Swathes, And what of all most deare, _Buckston's_ delicious Bathes, Strong Ale and Noble Cheare, T' asswage breeme Winters scathes.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Long since the Summer layd Her lustie Brau'rie downe, The Autumne halfe is way'd, And BOREAS 'gins to frowne, 10 Since now I did behold Great BRVTES first builded Towne.

doenounUS /doʊ/

the federal department responsible for maintaining a national energy policy of the United States; created in 1977

From this reading Though in the vtmost _Peake_, A while we doe remaine, Amongst the Mountaines bleake Expos'd to Sleet and Raine, No Sport our Houres shall breake, To exercise our Vaine.

dothauxiliary verbUS /dɔːθ/

an old form of “does”

From this reading 30 Those grim and horrid Caues, Whose Lookes affright the day, Wherein nice Nature saues, What she would not bewray, Our better leasure craues, And doth inuite our Lay.

downe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Long since the Summer layd Her lustie Brau'rie downe, The Autumne halfe is way'd, And BOREAS 'gins to frowne, 10 Since now I did behold Great BRVTES first builded Towne.

exercisenounUS /ˈeksərsaɪz/

the activity of exerting your muscles in various ways to keep fit

From this reading Though in the vtmost _Peake_, A while we doe remaine, Amongst the Mountaines bleake Expos'd to Sleet and Raine, No Sport our Houres shall breake, To exercise our Vaine.

Expos'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Though in the vtmost _Peake_, A while we doe remaine, Amongst the Mountaines bleake Expos'd to Sleet and Raine, No Sport our Houres shall breake, To exercise our Vaine.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Long since the Summer layd Her lustie Brau'rie downe, The Autumne halfe is way'd, And BOREAS 'gins to frowne, 10 Since now I did behold Great BRVTES first builded Towne.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading What though bright PHŒBVS Beames Refresh the Southerne Ground, 20 And though the Princely _Thames_ With beautious Nymphs abound, And by old _Camber's_ Streames Be many Wonders found;

frowne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Long since the Summer layd Her lustie Brau'rie downe, The Autumne halfe is way'd, And BOREAS 'gins to frowne, 10 Since now I did behold Great BRVTES first builded Towne.

gins

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Long since the Summer layd Her lustie Brau'rie downe, The Autumne halfe is way'd, And BOREAS 'gins to frowne, 10 Since now I did behold Great BRVTES first builded Towne.

glideverbUS /ɡlaɪd/

move smoothly and effortlessly

From this reading Yet many Riuers cleare Here glide in Siluer Swathes, And what of all most deare, _Buckston's_ delicious Bathes, Strong Ale and Noble Cheare, T' asswage breeme Winters scathes.

GreatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Long since the Summer layd Her lustie Brau'rie downe, The Autumne halfe is way'd, And BOREAS 'gins to frowne, 10 Since now I did behold Great BRVTES first builded Towne.

grimadjectiveUS /ɡrɪm/

not to be placated or appeased or moved by entreaty

From this reading 30 Those grim and horrid Caues, Whose Lookes affright the day, Wherein nice Nature saues, What she would not bewray, Our better leasure craues, And doth inuite our Lay.

GroundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading What though bright PHŒBVS Beames Refresh the Southerne Ground, 20 And though the Princely _Thames_ With beautious Nymphs abound, And by old _Camber's_ Streames Be many Wonders found;

halfe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Long since the Summer layd Her lustie Brau'rie downe, The Autumne halfe is way'd, And BOREAS 'gins to frowne, 10 Since now I did behold Great BRVTES first builded Towne.

HerdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Long since the Summer layd Her lustie Brau'rie downe, The Autumne halfe is way'd, And BOREAS 'gins to frowne, 10 Since now I did behold Great BRVTES first builded Towne.

HereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Yet many Riuers cleare Here glide in Siluer Swathes, And what of all most deare, _Buckston's_ delicious Bathes, Strong Ale and Noble Cheare, T' asswage breeme Winters scathes.

horridadjectiveUS /ˈhɔːrəd/

exceedingly bad

From this reading 30 Those grim and horrid Caues, Whose Lookes affright the day, Wherein nice Nature saues, What she would not bewray, Our better leasure craues, And doth inuite our Lay.

Houres

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Though in the vtmost _Peake_, A while we doe remaine, Amongst the Mountaines bleake Expos'd to Sleet and Raine, No Sport our Houres shall breake, To exercise our Vaine.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Long since the Summer layd Her lustie Brau'rie downe, The Autumne halfe is way'd, And BOREAS 'gins to frowne, 10 Since now I did behold Great BRVTES first builded Towne.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Though in the vtmost _Peake_, A while we doe remaine, Amongst the Mountaines bleake Expos'd to Sleet and Raine, No Sport our Houres shall breake, To exercise our Vaine.

inuite

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 30 Those grim and horrid Caues, Whose Lookes affright the day, Wherein nice Nature saues, What she would not bewray, Our better leasure craues, And doth inuite our Lay.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Long since the Summer layd Her lustie Brau'rie downe, The Autumne halfe is way'd, And BOREAS 'gins to frowne, 10 Since now I did behold Great BRVTES first builded Towne.

LayverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading 30 Those grim and horrid Caues, Whose Lookes affright the day, Wherein nice Nature saues, What she would not bewray, Our better leasure craues, And doth inuite our Lay.

layd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Long since the Summer layd Her lustie Brau'rie downe, The Autumne halfe is way'd, And BOREAS 'gins to frowne, 10 Since now I did behold Great BRVTES first builded Towne.

leasure

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 30 Those grim and horrid Caues, Whose Lookes affright the day, Wherein nice Nature saues, What she would not bewray, Our better leasure craues, And doth inuite our Lay.

LongadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Long since the Summer layd Her lustie Brau'rie downe, The Autumne halfe is way'd, And BOREAS 'gins to frowne, 10 Since now I did behold Great BRVTES first builded Towne.

Lookes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 30 Those grim and horrid Caues, Whose Lookes affright the day, Wherein nice Nature saues, What she would not bewray, Our better leasure craues, And doth inuite our Lay.

lustie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Long since the Summer layd Her lustie Brau'rie downe, The Autumne halfe is way'd, And BOREAS 'gins to frowne, 10 Since now I did behold Great BRVTES first builded Towne.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading What though bright PHŒBVS Beames Refresh the Southerne Ground, 20 And though the Princely _Thames_ With beautious Nymphs abound, And by old _Camber's_ Streames Be many Wonders found;

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Yet many Riuers cleare Here glide in Siluer Swathes, And what of all most deare, _Buckston's_ delicious Bathes, Strong Ale and Noble Cheare, T' asswage breeme Winters scathes.

Mountaines

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Though in the vtmost _Peake_, A while we doe remaine, Amongst the Mountaines bleake Expos'd to Sleet and Raine, No Sport our Houres shall breake, To exercise our Vaine.

NaturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading 30 Those grim and horrid Caues, Whose Lookes affright the day, Wherein nice Nature saues, What she would not bewray, Our better leasure craues, And doth inuite our Lay.

niceadjectiveUS /naɪs/

pleasant or pleasing or agreeable in nature or appearance

From this reading 30 Those grim and horrid Caues, Whose Lookes affright the day, Wherein nice Nature saues, What she would not bewray, Our better leasure craues, And doth inuite our Lay.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Though in the vtmost _Peake_, A while we doe remaine, Amongst the Mountaines bleake Expos'd to Sleet and Raine, No Sport our Houres shall breake, To exercise our Vaine.

NobleadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊbəl/

impressive in appearance

From this reading Yet many Riuers cleare Here glide in Siluer Swathes, And what of all most deare, _Buckston's_ delicious Bathes, Strong Ale and Noble Cheare, T' asswage breeme Winters scathes.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading 30 Those grim and horrid Caues, Whose Lookes affright the day, Wherein nice Nature saues, What she would not bewray, Our better leasure craues, And doth inuite our Lay.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Long since the Summer layd Her lustie Brau'rie downe, The Autumne halfe is way'd, And BOREAS 'gins to frowne, 10 Since now I did behold Great BRVTES first builded Towne.

NymphsnounUS /nɪmfs/

plural of “nymph” — (classical mythology) a minor nature goddess usually depicted as a beautiful maiden

From this reading What though bright PHŒBVS Beames Refresh the Southerne Ground, 20 And though the Princely _Thames_ With beautious Nymphs abound, And by old _Camber's_ Streames Be many Wonders found;

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Yet many Riuers cleare Here glide in Siluer Swathes, And what of all most deare, _Buckston's_ delicious Bathes, Strong Ale and Noble Cheare, T' asswage breeme Winters scathes.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading What though bright PHŒBVS Beames Refresh the Southerne Ground, 20 And though the Princely _Thames_ With beautious Nymphs abound, And by old _Camber's_ Streames Be many Wonders found;

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Though in the vtmost _Peake_, A while we doe remaine, Amongst the Mountaines bleake Expos'd to Sleet and Raine, No Sport our Houres shall breake, To exercise our Vaine.

Peake

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Though in the vtmost _Peake_, A while we doe remaine, Amongst the Mountaines bleake Expos'd to Sleet and Raine, No Sport our Houres shall breake, To exercise our Vaine.

PHŒBVS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What though bright PHŒBVS Beames Refresh the Southerne Ground, 20 And though the Princely _Thames_ With beautious Nymphs abound, And by old _Camber's_ Streames Be many Wonders found;

PrincelyadjectiveUS /ˈprɪnsli/

ostentatiously rich and superior in quality

From this reading What though bright PHŒBVS Beames Refresh the Southerne Ground, 20 And though the Princely _Thames_ With beautious Nymphs abound, And by old _Camber's_ Streames Be many Wonders found;

Raine

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From this reading Though in the vtmost _Peake_, A while we doe remaine, Amongst the Mountaines bleake Expos'd to Sleet and Raine, No Sport our Houres shall breake, To exercise our Vaine.

RefreshverbUS /rɪˈfreʃ/

refresh one's memory

From this reading What though bright PHŒBVS Beames Refresh the Southerne Ground, 20 And though the Princely _Thames_ With beautious Nymphs abound, And by old _Camber's_ Streames Be many Wonders found;

remaine

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From this reading Though in the vtmost _Peake_, A while we doe remaine, Amongst the Mountaines bleake Expos'd to Sleet and Raine, No Sport our Houres shall breake, To exercise our Vaine.

Riuers

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From this reading Yet many Riuers cleare Here glide in Siluer Swathes, And what of all most deare, _Buckston's_ delicious Bathes, Strong Ale and Noble Cheare, T' asswage breeme Winters scathes.

saues

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From this reading 30 Those grim and horrid Caues, Whose Lookes affright the day, Wherein nice Nature saues, What she would not bewray, Our better leasure craues, And doth inuite our Lay.

scathes

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From this reading Yet many Riuers cleare Here glide in Siluer Swathes, And what of all most deare, _Buckston's_ delicious Bathes, Strong Ale and Noble Cheare, T' asswage breeme Winters scathes.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading Though in the vtmost _Peake_, A while we doe remaine, Amongst the Mountaines bleake Expos'd to Sleet and Raine, No Sport our Houres shall breake, To exercise our Vaine.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading 30 Those grim and horrid Caues, Whose Lookes affright the day, Wherein nice Nature saues, What she would not bewray, Our better leasure craues, And doth inuite our Lay.

Siluer

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From this reading Yet many Riuers cleare Here glide in Siluer Swathes, And what of all most deare, _Buckston's_ delicious Bathes, Strong Ale and Noble Cheare, T' asswage breeme Winters scathes.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Long since the Summer layd Her lustie Brau'rie downe, The Autumne halfe is way'd, And BOREAS 'gins to frowne, 10 Since now I did behold Great BRVTES first builded Towne.

SleetnounUS /sliːt/

partially melted snow (or a mixture of rain and snow)

From this reading Though in the vtmost _Peake_, A while we doe remaine, Amongst the Mountaines bleake Expos'd to Sleet and Raine, No Sport our Houres shall breake, To exercise our Vaine.

Southerne

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From this reading What though bright PHŒBVS Beames Refresh the Southerne Ground, 20 And though the Princely _Thames_ With beautious Nymphs abound, And by old _Camber's_ Streames Be many Wonders found;

SportnounUS /spɔːrt/

an active diversion requiring physical exertion and competition

From this reading Though in the vtmost _Peake_, A while we doe remaine, Amongst the Mountaines bleake Expos'd to Sleet and Raine, No Sport our Houres shall breake, To exercise our Vaine.

Streames

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From this reading What though bright PHŒBVS Beames Refresh the Southerne Ground, 20 And though the Princely _Thames_ With beautious Nymphs abound, And by old _Camber's_ Streames Be many Wonders found;

StrongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading Yet many Riuers cleare Here glide in Siluer Swathes, And what of all most deare, _Buckston's_ delicious Bathes, Strong Ale and Noble Cheare, T' asswage breeme Winters scathes.

SummernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading Long since the Summer layd Her lustie Brau'rie downe, The Autumne halfe is way'd, And BOREAS 'gins to frowne, 10 Since now I did behold Great BRVTES first builded Towne.

Swathes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Yet many Riuers cleare Here glide in Siluer Swathes, And what of all most deare, _Buckston's_ delicious Bathes, Strong Ale and Noble Cheare, T' asswage breeme Winters scathes.

TnounUS /tiː/

a base found in DNA (but not in RNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine

From this reading Yet many Riuers cleare Here glide in Siluer Swathes, And what of all most deare, _Buckston's_ delicious Bathes, Strong Ale and Noble Cheare, T' asswage breeme Winters scathes.

ThamesnounUS /temz/

the longest river in England; flows eastward through London to the North Sea

From this reading What though bright PHŒBVS Beames Refresh the Southerne Ground, 20 And though the Princely _Thames_ With beautious Nymphs abound, And by old _Camber's_ Streames Be many Wonders found;

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Long since the Summer layd Her lustie Brau'rie downe, The Autumne halfe is way'd, And BOREAS 'gins to frowne, 10 Since now I did behold Great BRVTES first builded Towne.

ThosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading 30 Those grim and horrid Caues, Whose Lookes affright the day, Wherein nice Nature saues, What she would not bewray, Our better leasure craues, And doth inuite our Lay.

ThoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Though in the vtmost _Peake_, A while we doe remaine, Amongst the Mountaines bleake Expos'd to Sleet and Raine, No Sport our Houres shall breake, To exercise our Vaine.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Long since the Summer layd Her lustie Brau'rie downe, The Autumne halfe is way'd, And BOREAS 'gins to frowne, 10 Since now I did behold Great BRVTES first builded Towne.

Towne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Long since the Summer layd Her lustie Brau'rie downe, The Autumne halfe is way'd, And BOREAS 'gins to frowne, 10 Since now I did behold Great BRVTES first builded Towne.

Vaine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Though in the vtmost _Peake_, A while we doe remaine, Amongst the Mountaines bleake Expos'd to Sleet and Raine, No Sport our Houres shall breake, To exercise our Vaine.

vtmost

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Though in the vtmost _Peake_, A while we doe remaine, Amongst the Mountaines bleake Expos'd to Sleet and Raine, No Sport our Houres shall breake, To exercise our Vaine.

way'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Long since the Summer layd Her lustie Brau'rie downe, The Autumne halfe is way'd, And BOREAS 'gins to frowne, 10 Since now I did behold Great BRVTES first builded Towne.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Though in the vtmost _Peake_, A while we doe remaine, Amongst the Mountaines bleake Expos'd to Sleet and Raine, No Sport our Houres shall breake, To exercise our Vaine.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading What though bright PHŒBVS Beames Refresh the Southerne Ground, 20 And though the Princely _Thames_ With beautious Nymphs abound, And by old _Camber's_ Streames Be many Wonders found;

Wherein

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 30 Those grim and horrid Caues, Whose Lookes affright the day, Wherein nice Nature saues, What she would not bewray, Our better leasure craues, And doth inuite our Lay.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Though in the vtmost _Peake_, A while we doe remaine, Amongst the Mountaines bleake Expos'd to Sleet and Raine, No Sport our Houres shall breake, To exercise our Vaine.

WhosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading 30 Those grim and horrid Caues, Whose Lookes affright the day, Wherein nice Nature saues, What she would not bewray, Our better leasure craues, And doth inuite our Lay.

WintersnounUS /ˈwɪntərz/

plural of “winter” — the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading Yet many Riuers cleare Here glide in Siluer Swathes, And what of all most deare, _Buckston's_ delicious Bathes, Strong Ale and Noble Cheare, T' asswage breeme Winters scathes.

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading What though bright PHŒBVS Beames Refresh the Southerne Ground, 20 And though the Princely _Thames_ With beautious Nymphs abound, And by old _Camber's_ Streames Be many Wonders found;

WondersnounUS /ˈwʌndərz/

plural of “wonder” — the feeling aroused by something strange and surprising

From this reading What though bright PHŒBVS Beames Refresh the Southerne Ground, 20 And though the Princely _Thames_ With beautious Nymphs abound, And by old _Camber's_ Streames Be many Wonders found;

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading 30 Those grim and horrid Caues, Whose Lookes affright the day, Wherein nice Nature saues, What she would not bewray, Our better leasure craues, And doth inuite our Lay.

YetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Yet many Riuers cleare Here glide in Siluer Swathes, And what of all most deare, _Buckston's_ delicious Bathes, Strong Ale and Noble Cheare, T' asswage breeme Winters scathes.

Chapter 4 of Minor Poems of Michael Drayton by Michael Drayton holds 279 sentences, grouped into 56 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Minor Poems of Michael Drayton contain?

Chapter 4 holds 279 sentences of Minor Poems of Michael Drayton, unabridged, divided into 56 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Minor Poems of Michael Drayton by Michael Drayton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 279 sentences, grouped into 56 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Minor Poems of Michael Drayton?

Work through the 56 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 56 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Yes. All 1924 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #17873 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #17873, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Minor Poems of Michael Drayton take to read?

About 160 minutes of reading across 385 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Minor Poems of Michael Drayton

Words and structures a reader meets early in Minor Poems of Michael Drayton, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Drayton
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Minor Poems of Michael Drayton; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
House
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Minor Poems of Michael Drayton; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Henry
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Minor Poems of Michael Drayton; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Goodere
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Minor Poems of Michael Drayton; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.