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Miscellaneous Essays
Miscellaneous Essays

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Miscellaneous Essays is here in full — 408 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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The reason, meantime, for my systematic hatred of D'Arc is this.
There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"
Now, it is clearly made out by the surviving evidence, that D'Arc would much have preferred continuing to say--"_Ma fille as-tu donné au cochon à manger_?" to saying "_Pucelle d'Orléans, as-tu sauvé les fleurs-de-lys_?"
There is an old English copy of verses which argues thus:-- "If the man, that turnips cries, Cry not when his father dies-- Then 'tis plain the man had rather Have a turnip than his father."
I cannot say that the logic of these verses was ever _entirely_ to my satisfaction.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Miscellaneous Essays

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Miscellaneous Essays is here in full — 408 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/81 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The reason, meantime, for my systematic hatred of D'Arc is this.
Line 2
There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"
Line 3
Now, it is clearly made out by the surviving evidence, that D'Arc would much have preferred continuing to say--"_Ma fille as-tu donné au cochon à manger_?" to saying "_Pucelle d'Orléans, as-tu sauvé les fleurs-de-lys_?"
Line 4
There is an old English copy of verses which argues thus:-- "If the man, that turnips cries, Cry not when his father dies-- Then 'tis plain the man had rather Have a turnip than his father."
/ðer ɪz æn oʊld ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ ˈkɑːpi ʌv ˈvɜːrsəz wɪtʃ ˈɑːrɡjuːz ðʌs ɪf ðə mæn ðæt ˈtɜːrnəps kraɪz kraɪ nɑːt wen hɪz ˈfɑːðər daɪz ðen tɪz pleɪn ðə mæn hæd ˈræðər hæv ə ˈtɜːrnəp ðæn hɪz ˈfɑːðər/
Line 5
I cannot say that the logic of these verses was ever _entirely_ to my satisfaction.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

argues verb US /ˈɑːrɡjuːz/

third-person singular of “argue” — present reasons and arguments

From this reading “There is an old English copy of verses which argues thus:-- "If the man, that turnips cries, Cry not when his father dies-- Then 'tis plain the man had rather Have a turnip than his father."”

Crusades noun US /kruːˈseɪdz/

plural of “crusade” — a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end

From this reading “There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"”

dating noun US /ˈdeɪtɪŋ/

use of chemical analysis to estimate the age of geological specimens

From this reading “There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"”

manger noun US /ˈmeɪndʒər/

a container (usually in a barn or stable) from which cattle or horses feed

pedigrees noun US /ˈpedəɡriz/

plural of “pedigree” — the descendants of one individual

From this reading “There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"”

systematic adjective US /ˌsɪstəˈmætɪk/

characterized by order and planning

From this reading “The reason, meantime, for my systematic hatred of D'Arc is this.”

turnip noun US /ˈtɜːrnəp/

widely cultivated plant having a large fleshy edible white or yellow root

From this reading “There is an old English copy of verses which argues thus:-- "If the man, that turnips cries, Cry not when his father dies-- Then 'tis plain the man had rather Have a turnip than his father."”

turnips noun US /ˈtɜːrnəps/

plural of “turnip” — widely cultivated plant having a large fleshy edible white or yellow root

From this reading “There is an old English copy of verses which argues thus:-- "If the man, that turnips cries, Cry not when his father dies-- Then 'tis plain the man had rather Have a turnip than his father."”

All words in this reading · 106

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading There is an old English copy of verses which argues thus:-- "If the man, that turnips cries, Cry not when his father dies-- Then 'tis plain the man had rather Have a turnip than his father."

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"

arguesverbUS /ˈɑːrɡjuːz/

third-person singular of “argue” — present reasons and arguments

From this reading There is an old English copy of verses which argues thus:-- "If the man, that turnips cries, Cry not when his father dies-- Then 'tis plain the man had rather Have a turnip than his father."

aristocracynounUS /ˌerəˈstɑːkrəsi/

a privileged class holding hereditary titles

From this reading There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"

as-tu

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"

aunounUS /oʊ/

a soft yellow malleable ductile (trivalent and univalent) metallic element; occurs mainly as nuggets in rocks and alluvial deposits; does not react with most chemicals but is attacked by chlorine and aqua regia

From this reading There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Now, it is clearly made out by the surviving evidence, that D'Arc would much have preferred continuing to say--"_Ma fille as-tu donné au cochon à manger_?" to saying "_Pucelle d'Orléans, as-tu sauvé les fleurs-de-lys_?"

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I cannot say that the logic of these verses was ever _entirely_ to my satisfaction.

ChevaliernounUS /ˌʃevəˈlɪr/

French actor and cabaret singer (1888-1972)

From this reading There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"

clearlyadverbUS /ˈklɪrli/

without doubt or question

From this reading Now, it is clearly made out by the surviving evidence, that D'Arc would much have preferred continuing to say--"_Ma fille as-tu donné au cochon à manger_?" to saying "_Pucelle d'Orléans, as-tu sauvé les fleurs-de-lys_?"

cochon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"

continuingadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːɪŋ/

remaining in force or being carried on without letup

From this reading Now, it is clearly made out by the surviving evidence, that D'Arc would much have preferred continuing to say--"_Ma fille as-tu donné au cochon à manger_?" to saying "_Pucelle d'Orléans, as-tu sauvé les fleurs-de-lys_?"

copynounUS /ˈkɑːpi/

a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)

From this reading There is an old English copy of verses which argues thus:-- "If the man, that turnips cries, Cry not when his father dies-- Then 'tis plain the man had rather Have a turnip than his father."

criesnounUS /kraɪz/

plural of “cry” — a loud utterance; often in protest or opposition

From this reading There is an old English copy of verses which argues thus:-- "If the man, that turnips cries, Cry not when his father dies-- Then 'tis plain the man had rather Have a turnip than his father."

CrusadesnounUS /kruːˈseɪdz/

plural of “crusade” — a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end

From this reading There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"

CryverbUS /kraɪ/

utter a sudden loud cry

From this reading There is an old English copy of verses which argues thus:-- "If the man, that turnips cries, Cry not when his father dies-- Then 'tis plain the man had rather Have a turnip than his father."

currentnounUS /ˈkɜːrənt/

a flow of electricity through a conductor

From this reading There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"

D'Arc

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The reason, meantime, for my systematic hatred of D'Arc is this.

d'Orléans

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now, it is clearly made out by the surviving evidence, that D'Arc would much have preferred continuing to say--"_Ma fille as-tu donné au cochon à manger_?" to saying "_Pucelle d'Orléans, as-tu sauvé les fleurs-de-lys_?"

datingnounUS /ˈdeɪtɪŋ/

use of chemical analysis to estimate the age of geological specimens

From this reading There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"

diesnounUS /daɪz/

plural of “die” — a small cube with 1 to 6 spots on the six faces; used in gambling to generate random numbers

From this reading There is an old English copy of verses which argues thus:-- "If the man, that turnips cries, Cry not when his father dies-- Then 'tis plain the man had rather Have a turnip than his father."

donné

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading There is an old English copy of verses which argues thus:-- "If the man, that turnips cries, Cry not when his father dies-- Then 'tis plain the man had rather Have a turnip than his father."

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading I cannot say that the logic of these verses was ever _entirely_ to my satisfaction.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading I cannot say that the logic of these verses was ever _entirely_ to my satisfaction.

evidencenounUS /ˈevədəns/

your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief

From this reading Now, it is clearly made out by the surviving evidence, that D'Arc would much have preferred continuing to say--"_Ma fille as-tu donné au cochon à manger_?" to saying "_Pucelle d'Orléans, as-tu sauvé les fleurs-de-lys_?"

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading There is an old English copy of verses which argues thus:-- "If the man, that turnips cries, Cry not when his father dies-- Then 'tis plain the man had rather Have a turnip than his father."

fillenoun

a young female

From this reading Now, it is clearly made out by the surviving evidence, that D'Arc would much have preferred continuing to say--"_Ma fille as-tu donné au cochon à manger_?" to saying "_Pucelle d'Orléans, as-tu sauvé les fleurs-de-lys_?"

fleurs-de-lys

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now, it is clearly made out by the surviving evidence, that D'Arc would much have preferred continuing to say--"_Ma fille as-tu donné au cochon à manger_?" to saying "_Pucelle d'Orléans, as-tu sauvé les fleurs-de-lys_?"

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The reason, meantime, for my systematic hatred of D'Arc is this.

framedadjectiveUS /freɪmd/

provided with a frame

From this reading There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading There is an old English copy of verses which argues thus:-- "If the man, that turnips cries, Cry not when his father dies-- Then 'tis plain the man had rather Have a turnip than his father."

happenedverbUS /ˈhæpənd/

past form of “happen” — come to pass

From this reading There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"

hatrednounUS /ˈheɪtrəd/

the emotion of intense dislike; a feeling of dislike so strong that it demands action

From this reading The reason, meantime, for my systematic hatred of D'Arc is this.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I cannot say that the logic of these verses was ever _entirely_ to my satisfaction.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading There is an old English copy of verses which argues thus:-- "If the man, that turnips cries, Cry not when his father dies-- Then 'tis plain the man had rather Have a turnip than his father."

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The reason, meantime, for my systematic hatred of D'Arc is this.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Now, it is clearly made out by the surviving evidence, that D'Arc would much have preferred continuing to say--"_Ma fille as-tu donné au cochon à manger_?" to saying "_Pucelle d'Orléans, as-tu sauvé les fleurs-de-lys_?"

lesnounUS /les/

plural of “le” — a chronic inflammatory collagen disease affecting connective tissue (skin or joints)

From this reading Now, it is clearly made out by the surviving evidence, that D'Arc would much have preferred continuing to say--"_Ma fille as-tu donné au cochon à manger_?" to saying "_Pucelle d'Orléans, as-tu sauvé les fleurs-de-lys_?"

logicnounUS /ˈlɑːdʒɪk/

the branch of philosophy that analyzes inference

From this reading I cannot say that the logic of these verses was ever _entirely_ to my satisfaction.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"

LouisnounUS /ˈluːɪs/

United States prizefighter who was world heavyweight champion for 12 years (1914-1981)

From this reading There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"

ManounUS /mɑː/

informal terms for a mother

From this reading Now, it is clearly made out by the surviving evidence, that D'Arc would much have preferred continuing to say--"_Ma fille as-tu donné au cochon à manger_?" to saying "_Pucelle d'Orléans, as-tu sauvé les fleurs-de-lys_?"

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Now, it is clearly made out by the surviving evidence, that D'Arc would much have preferred continuing to say--"_Ma fille as-tu donné au cochon à manger_?" to saying "_Pucelle d'Orléans, as-tu sauvé les fleurs-de-lys_?"

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading There is an old English copy of verses which argues thus:-- "If the man, that turnips cries, Cry not when his father dies-- Then 'tis plain the man had rather Have a turnip than his father."

mangernounUS /ˈmeɪndʒər/

a container (usually in a barn or stable) from which cattle or horses feed

From this reading There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"

meantimenounUS /ˈmiːntaɪm/

the time between one event, process, or period and another

From this reading The reason, meantime, for my systematic hatred of D'Arc is this.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Now, it is clearly made out by the surviving evidence, that D'Arc would much have preferred continuing to say--"_Ma fille as-tu donné au cochon à manger_?" to saying "_Pucelle d'Orléans, as-tu sauvé les fleurs-de-lys_?"

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading The reason, meantime, for my systematic hatred of D'Arc is this.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading There is an old English copy of verses which argues thus:-- "If the man, that turnips cries, Cry not when his father dies-- Then 'tis plain the man had rather Have a turnip than his father."

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Now, it is clearly made out by the surviving evidence, that D'Arc would much have preferred continuing to say--"_Ma fille as-tu donné au cochon à manger_?" to saying "_Pucelle d'Orléans, as-tu sauvé les fleurs-de-lys_?"

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The reason, meantime, for my systematic hatred of D'Arc is this.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading There is an old English copy of verses which argues thus:-- "If the man, that turnips cries, Cry not when his father dies-- Then 'tis plain the man had rather Have a turnip than his father."

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Now, it is clearly made out by the surviving evidence, that D'Arc would much have preferred continuing to say--"_Ma fille as-tu donné au cochon à manger_?" to saying "_Pucelle d'Orléans, as-tu sauvé les fleurs-de-lys_?"

overheardverbUS /ˈoʊvərˈhɜːrd/

inflected form of “overhear” — hear, usually without the knowledge of the speakers

From this reading There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"

paupernounUS /ˈpɔːpər/

a person who is very poor

From this reading There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"

pedigreesnounUS /ˈpedəɡriz/

plural of “pedigree” — the descendants of one individual

From this reading There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading There is an old English copy of verses which argues thus:-- "If the man, that turnips cries, Cry not when his father dies-- Then 'tis plain the man had rather Have a turnip than his father."

preferredadjectiveUS /prəˈfɜːrd/

more desirable than another

From this reading Now, it is clearly made out by the surviving evidence, that D'Arc would much have preferred continuing to say--"_Ma fille as-tu donné au cochon à manger_?" to saying "_Pucelle d'Orléans, as-tu sauvé les fleurs-de-lys_?"

Pucelle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now, it is clearly made out by the surviving evidence, that D'Arc would much have preferred continuing to say--"_Ma fille as-tu donné au cochon à manger_?" to saying "_Pucelle d'Orléans, as-tu sauvé les fleurs-de-lys_?"

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading There is an old English copy of verses which argues thus:-- "If the man, that turnips cries, Cry not when his father dies-- Then 'tis plain the man had rather Have a turnip than his father."

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading The reason, meantime, for my systematic hatred of D'Arc is this.

rentverbUS /rent/

let for money

From this reading There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"

RevolutionnounUS /ˌrevəˈluːʃən/

a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving

From this reading There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"

ridiculenounUS /ˈrɪdəkjuːl/

language or behavior intended to mock or humiliate

From this reading There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"

rollsnounUS /roʊlz/

plural of “roll” — rotary motion of an object around its own axis

From this reading There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"

satisfactionnounUS /ˌsætəˈsfækʃən/

the contentment one feels when one has fulfilled a desire, need, or expectation

From this reading I cannot say that the logic of these verses was ever _entirely_ to my satisfaction.

sauvé

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now, it is clearly made out by the surviving evidence, that D'Arc would much have preferred continuing to say--"_Ma fille as-tu donné au cochon à manger_?" to saying "_Pucelle d'Orléans, as-tu sauvé les fleurs-de-lys_?"

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading Now, it is clearly made out by the surviving evidence, that D'Arc would much have preferred continuing to say--"_Ma fille as-tu donné au cochon à manger_?" to saying "_Pucelle d'Orléans, as-tu sauvé les fleurs-de-lys_?"

sayingnounUS /ˈseɪɪŋ/

a word or phrase that particular people use in particular situations

From this reading There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"

survivingadjectiveUS /sərˈvaɪvɪŋ/

still in existence

From this reading Now, it is clearly made out by the surviving evidence, that D'Arc would much have preferred continuing to say--"_Ma fille as-tu donné au cochon à manger_?" to saying "_Pucelle d'Orléans, as-tu sauvé les fleurs-de-lys_?"

systematicadjectiveUS /ˌsɪstəˈmætɪk/

characterized by order and planning

From this reading The reason, meantime, for my systematic hatred of D'Arc is this.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading There is an old English copy of verses which argues thus:-- "If the man, that turnips cries, Cry not when his father dies-- Then 'tis plain the man had rather Have a turnip than his father."

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The reason, meantime, for my systematic hatred of D'Arc is this.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading There is an old English copy of verses which argues thus:-- "If the man, that turnips cries, Cry not when his father dies-- Then 'tis plain the man had rather Have a turnip than his father."

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading I cannot say that the logic of these verses was ever _entirely_ to my satisfaction.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The reason, meantime, for my systematic hatred of D'Arc is this.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading There is an old English copy of verses which argues thus:-- "If the man, that turnips cries, Cry not when his father dies-- Then 'tis plain the man had rather Have a turnip than his father."

tisnounUS /tɪz/

plural of “ti” — a light strong grey lustrous corrosion-resistant metallic element used in strong lightweight alloys (as for airplane parts); the main sources are rutile and ilmenite

From this reading There is an old English copy of verses which argues thus:-- "If the man, that turnips cries, Cry not when his father dies-- Then 'tis plain the man had rather Have a turnip than his father."

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"

turnipnounUS /ˈtɜːrnəp/

widely cultivated plant having a large fleshy edible white or yellow root

From this reading There is an old English copy of verses which argues thus:-- "If the man, that turnips cries, Cry not when his father dies-- Then 'tis plain the man had rather Have a turnip than his father."

turnipsnounUS /ˈtɜːrnəps/

plural of “turnip” — widely cultivated plant having a large fleshy edible white or yellow root

From this reading There is an old English copy of verses which argues thus:-- "If the man, that turnips cries, Cry not when his father dies-- Then 'tis plain the man had rather Have a turnip than his father."

versesnounUS /ˈvɜːrsəz/

plural of “verse” — literature in metrical form

From this reading There is an old English copy of verses which argues thus:-- "If the man, that turnips cries, Cry not when his father dies-- Then 'tis plain the man had rather Have a turnip than his father."

viz

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading There is an old English copy of verses which argues thus:-- "If the man, that turnips cries, Cry not when his father dies-- Then 'tis plain the man had rather Have a turnip than his father."

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading There is an old English copy of verses which argues thus:-- "If the man, that turnips cries, Cry not when his father dies-- Then 'tis plain the man had rather Have a turnip than his father."

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Now, it is clearly made out by the surviving evidence, that D'Arc would much have preferred continuing to say--"_Ma fille as-tu donné au cochon à manger_?" to saying "_Pucelle d'Orléans, as-tu sauvé les fleurs-de-lys_?"

à

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was a story current in France before the Revolution, framed to ridicule the pauper aristocracy, who happened to have long pedigrees and short rent rolls, viz., that a head of such a house, dating from the Crusades, was overheard saying to his son, a Chevalier of St. Louis, "_Chevalier, as-tu donné au cochon à manger_!"

Chapter 3 of Miscellaneous Essays by Thomas De Quincey holds 408 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Miscellaneous Essays contain?

Chapter 3 holds 408 sentences of Miscellaneous Essays, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Miscellaneous Essays by Thomas De Quincey exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 408 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Miscellaneous Essays?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Miscellaneous Essays

Common questions about reading Miscellaneous Essays by Thomas De Quincey on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Miscellaneous Essays?

Yes. All 2553 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #10708 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Miscellaneous Essays is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #10708, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Miscellaneous Essays take to read?

About 212 minutes of reading across 511 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Miscellaneous Essays section by section

How to work through Miscellaneous Essays section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Miscellaneous Essays

Words and structures a reader meets early in Miscellaneous Essays, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Quincey's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Miscellaneous Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Writings
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Miscellaneous Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Confessions
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Miscellaneous Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
English
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Miscellaneous Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.