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Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2
Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2 is here in full — 152 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/30 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
We have attempted to show that, as knowledge is extended and as the reason develops itself, the imitative arts decay.
We should, therefore, expect that the corruption of poetry would commence in the educated classes of society.
And this, in fact, is almost constantly the case.
The few great works of imagination which appear in a critical age are, almost without exception, the works of uneducated men.
Thus, at a time when persons of quality translated French romances, and when the universities celebrated royal deaths in verses about tritons and fauns, a preaching tinker produced the Pilgrim's Progress.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2 is here in full — 152 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/30 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
We have attempted to show that, as knowledge is extended and as the reason develops itself, the imitative arts decay.
/wiː hæv əˈtemptɪd tuː ʃoʊ ðæt æz ˈnɑːlədʒ ɪz ɪkˈstendəd ənd æz ðə ˈriːzən dɪˈveləps ˌɪtˈself ðə ˈɪməteɪtɪv ɑːrts dɪˈkeɪ/
Line 2
We should, therefore, expect that the corruption of poetry would commence in the educated classes of society.
/wiː ʃʊd ˈðerfɔːr ɪkˈspekt ðæt ðə kərˈʌpʃən ʌv ˈpoʊətri wʊd kəˈmens ɪn ðə ˈedʒəkeɪtɪd ˈklæsəz ʌv səˈsaɪəti/
Line 3
And this, in fact, is almost constantly the case.
/ənd ðɪs ɪn fækt ɪz ˈɔːlmoʊst ˈkɑːnstəntli ðə keɪs/
Line 4
The few great works of imagination which appear in a critical age are, almost without exception, the works of uneducated men.
/ðə fjuː ɡreɪt wɜːrks ʌv ˌɪmædʒəˈneɪʃən wɪtʃ əˈpɪr ɪn ə ˈkrɪtɪkəl eɪdʒ ɑːr ˈɔːlmoʊst wɪˈθaʊt ɪkˈsepʃən ðə wɜːrks ʌv əˈnedʒʊkeɪtɪd men/
Line 5
Thus, at a time when persons of quality translated French romances, and when the universities celebrated royal deaths in verses about tritons and fauns, a preaching tinker produced the Pilgrim's Progress.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

deaths noun US /deθs/

plural of “death” — the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading “Thus, at a time when persons of quality translated French romances, and when the universities celebrated royal deaths in verses about tritons and fauns, a preaching tinker produced the Pilgrim's Progress.”

develops verb US /dɪˈveləps/

third-person singular of “develop” — make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation

From this reading “We have attempted to show that, as knowledge is extended and as the reason develops itself, the imitative arts decay.”

imitative adjective US /ˈɪməteɪtɪv/

marked by or given to imitation

From this reading “We have attempted to show that, as knowledge is extended and as the reason develops itself, the imitative arts decay.”

Pilgrim's noun US /ˈpɪlɡrəmz/

possessive form of “pilgrim” — someone who journeys in foreign lands

From this reading “Thus, at a time when persons of quality translated French romances, and when the universities celebrated royal deaths in verses about tritons and fauns, a preaching tinker produced the Pilgrim's Progress.”

romances noun US /roʊˈmænsɪz/

plural of “romance” — a relationship between two lovers

From this reading “Thus, at a time when persons of quality translated French romances, and when the universities celebrated royal deaths in verses about tritons and fauns, a preaching tinker produced the Pilgrim's Progress.”

tinker verb US /ˈtɪŋkər/

do random, unplanned work or activities or spend time idly

From this reading “Thus, at a time when persons of quality translated French romances, and when the universities celebrated royal deaths in verses about tritons and fauns, a preaching tinker produced the Pilgrim's Progress.”

uneducated adjective US /əˈnedʒʊkeɪtɪd/

not having a good education

From this reading “The few great works of imagination which appear in a critical age are, almost without exception, the works of uneducated men.”

universities noun US /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsətiz/

plural of “university” — the body of faculty and students at a university

From this reading “Thus, at a time when persons of quality translated French romances, and when the universities celebrated royal deaths in verses about tritons and fauns, a preaching tinker produced the Pilgrim's Progress.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The few great works of imagination which appear in a critical age are, almost without exception, the works of uneducated men.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Thus, at a time when persons of quality translated French romances, and when the universities celebrated royal deaths in verses about tritons and fauns, a preaching tinker produced the Pilgrim's Progress.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading The few great works of imagination which appear in a critical age are, almost without exception, the works of uneducated men.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading And this, in fact, is almost constantly the case.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading We have attempted to show that, as knowledge is extended and as the reason develops itself, the imitative arts decay.

appearverbUS /əˈpɪr/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The few great works of imagination which appear in a critical age are, almost without exception, the works of uneducated men.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The few great works of imagination which appear in a critical age are, almost without exception, the works of uneducated men.

artsnounUS /ɑːrts/

studies intended to provide general knowledge and intellectual skills (rather than occupational or professional skills)

From this reading We have attempted to show that, as knowledge is extended and as the reason develops itself, the imitative arts decay.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading We have attempted to show that, as knowledge is extended and as the reason develops itself, the imitative arts decay.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Thus, at a time when persons of quality translated French romances, and when the universities celebrated royal deaths in verses about tritons and fauns, a preaching tinker produced the Pilgrim's Progress.

attemptedadjectiveUS /əˈtemptɪd/

tried unsuccessfully

From this reading We have attempted to show that, as knowledge is extended and as the reason develops itself, the imitative arts decay.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading And this, in fact, is almost constantly the case.

celebratedadjectiveUS /ˈseləbreɪtɪd/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading Thus, at a time when persons of quality translated French romances, and when the universities celebrated royal deaths in verses about tritons and fauns, a preaching tinker produced the Pilgrim's Progress.

classesnounUS /ˈklæsəz/

plural of “class” — a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading We should, therefore, expect that the corruption of poetry would commence in the educated classes of society.

commenceverbUS /kəˈmens/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading We should, therefore, expect that the corruption of poetry would commence in the educated classes of society.

constantlyadverbUS /ˈkɑːnstəntli/

without variation or change, in every case

From this reading And this, in fact, is almost constantly the case.

corruptionnounUS /kərˈʌpʃən/

lack of integrity or honesty (especially susceptibility to bribery); use of a position of trust for dishonest gain

From this reading We should, therefore, expect that the corruption of poetry would commence in the educated classes of society.

criticaladjectiveUS /ˈkrɪtɪkəl/

marked by a tendency to find and call attention to errors and flaws

From this reading The few great works of imagination which appear in a critical age are, almost without exception, the works of uneducated men.

deathsnounUS /deθs/

plural of “death” — the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading Thus, at a time when persons of quality translated French romances, and when the universities celebrated royal deaths in verses about tritons and fauns, a preaching tinker produced the Pilgrim's Progress.

decaynounUS /dɪˈkeɪ/

the process of gradually becoming inferior

From this reading We have attempted to show that, as knowledge is extended and as the reason develops itself, the imitative arts decay.

developsverbUS /dɪˈveləps/

third-person singular of “develop” — make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation

From this reading We have attempted to show that, as knowledge is extended and as the reason develops itself, the imitative arts decay.

educatedadjectiveUS /ˈedʒəkeɪtɪd/

possessing an education (especially having more than average knowledge)

From this reading We should, therefore, expect that the corruption of poetry would commence in the educated classes of society.

exceptionnounUS /ɪkˈsepʃən/

a deliberate act of omission

From this reading The few great works of imagination which appear in a critical age are, almost without exception, the works of uneducated men.

expectverbUS /ɪkˈspekt/

regard something as probable or likely

From this reading We should, therefore, expect that the corruption of poetry would commence in the educated classes of society.

extendedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈstendəd/

relatively long in duration; tediously protracted

From this reading We have attempted to show that, as knowledge is extended and as the reason develops itself, the imitative arts decay.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading And this, in fact, is almost constantly the case.

fauns

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thus, at a time when persons of quality translated French romances, and when the universities celebrated royal deaths in verses about tritons and fauns, a preaching tinker produced the Pilgrim's Progress.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading The few great works of imagination which appear in a critical age are, almost without exception, the works of uneducated men.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading Thus, at a time when persons of quality translated French romances, and when the universities celebrated royal deaths in verses about tritons and fauns, a preaching tinker produced the Pilgrim's Progress.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The few great works of imagination which appear in a critical age are, almost without exception, the works of uneducated men.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading We have attempted to show that, as knowledge is extended and as the reason develops itself, the imitative arts decay.

imaginationnounUS /ˌɪmædʒəˈneɪʃən/

the formation of a mental image of something that is not perceived as real and is not present to the senses

From this reading The few great works of imagination which appear in a critical age are, almost without exception, the works of uneducated men.

imitativeadjectiveUS /ˈɪməteɪtɪv/

marked by or given to imitation

From this reading We have attempted to show that, as knowledge is extended and as the reason develops itself, the imitative arts decay.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading We should, therefore, expect that the corruption of poetry would commence in the educated classes of society.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading We have attempted to show that, as knowledge is extended and as the reason develops itself, the imitative arts decay.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading We have attempted to show that, as knowledge is extended and as the reason develops itself, the imitative arts decay.

knowledgenounUS /ˈnɑːlədʒ/

the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning

From this reading We have attempted to show that, as knowledge is extended and as the reason develops itself, the imitative arts decay.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The few great works of imagination which appear in a critical age are, almost without exception, the works of uneducated men.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading We should, therefore, expect that the corruption of poetry would commence in the educated classes of society.

personsnounUS /ˈpɜːrsənz/

plural of “person” — a human being

From this reading Thus, at a time when persons of quality translated French romances, and when the universities celebrated royal deaths in verses about tritons and fauns, a preaching tinker produced the Pilgrim's Progress.

Pilgrim'snounUS /ˈpɪlɡrəmz/

possessive form of “pilgrim” — someone who journeys in foreign lands

From this reading Thus, at a time when persons of quality translated French romances, and when the universities celebrated royal deaths in verses about tritons and fauns, a preaching tinker produced the Pilgrim's Progress.

poetrynounUS /ˈpoʊətri/

literature in metrical form

From this reading We should, therefore, expect that the corruption of poetry would commence in the educated classes of society.

preachingnounUS /ˈpriːtʃɪŋ/

an address of a religious nature (usually delivered during a church service)

From this reading Thus, at a time when persons of quality translated French romances, and when the universities celebrated royal deaths in verses about tritons and fauns, a preaching tinker produced the Pilgrim's Progress.

producedverbUS /prəˈduːst/

past form of “produce” — bring forth or yield

From this reading Thus, at a time when persons of quality translated French romances, and when the universities celebrated royal deaths in verses about tritons and fauns, a preaching tinker produced the Pilgrim's Progress.

ProgressnounUS /ˈprɑːɡres/

gradual improvement or growth or development

From this reading Thus, at a time when persons of quality translated French romances, and when the universities celebrated royal deaths in verses about tritons and fauns, a preaching tinker produced the Pilgrim's Progress.

qualitynounUS /ˈkwɑːləti/

an essential and distinguishing attribute of something or someone

From this reading Thus, at a time when persons of quality translated French romances, and when the universities celebrated royal deaths in verses about tritons and fauns, a preaching tinker produced the Pilgrim's Progress.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading We have attempted to show that, as knowledge is extended and as the reason develops itself, the imitative arts decay.

romancesnounUS /roʊˈmænsɪz/

plural of “romance” — a relationship between two lovers

From this reading Thus, at a time when persons of quality translated French romances, and when the universities celebrated royal deaths in verses about tritons and fauns, a preaching tinker produced the Pilgrim's Progress.

royaladjectiveUS /ˈrɔɪəl/

of or relating to or indicative of or issued or performed by a king or queen or other monarch

From this reading Thus, at a time when persons of quality translated French romances, and when the universities celebrated royal deaths in verses about tritons and fauns, a preaching tinker produced the Pilgrim's Progress.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading We should, therefore, expect that the corruption of poetry would commence in the educated classes of society.

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading We have attempted to show that, as knowledge is extended and as the reason develops itself, the imitative arts decay.

societynounUS /səˈsaɪəti/

an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading We should, therefore, expect that the corruption of poetry would commence in the educated classes of society.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading We have attempted to show that, as knowledge is extended and as the reason develops itself, the imitative arts decay.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading We have attempted to show that, as knowledge is extended and as the reason develops itself, the imitative arts decay.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading We should, therefore, expect that the corruption of poetry would commence in the educated classes of society.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading And this, in fact, is almost constantly the case.

ThusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading Thus, at a time when persons of quality translated French romances, and when the universities celebrated royal deaths in verses about tritons and fauns, a preaching tinker produced the Pilgrim's Progress.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Thus, at a time when persons of quality translated French romances, and when the universities celebrated royal deaths in verses about tritons and fauns, a preaching tinker produced the Pilgrim's Progress.

tinkerverbUS /ˈtɪŋkər/

do random, unplanned work or activities or spend time idly

From this reading Thus, at a time when persons of quality translated French romances, and when the universities celebrated royal deaths in verses about tritons and fauns, a preaching tinker produced the Pilgrim's Progress.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading We have attempted to show that, as knowledge is extended and as the reason develops itself, the imitative arts decay.

translatedverbUS /trænzˈleɪtɪd/

past form of “translate” — restate (words) from one language into another language

From this reading Thus, at a time when persons of quality translated French romances, and when the universities celebrated royal deaths in verses about tritons and fauns, a preaching tinker produced the Pilgrim's Progress.

tritons

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thus, at a time when persons of quality translated French romances, and when the universities celebrated royal deaths in verses about tritons and fauns, a preaching tinker produced the Pilgrim's Progress.

uneducatedadjectiveUS /əˈnedʒʊkeɪtɪd/

not having a good education

From this reading The few great works of imagination which appear in a critical age are, almost without exception, the works of uneducated men.

universitiesnounUS /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsətiz/

plural of “university” — the body of faculty and students at a university

From this reading Thus, at a time when persons of quality translated French romances, and when the universities celebrated royal deaths in verses about tritons and fauns, a preaching tinker produced the Pilgrim's Progress.

versesnounUS /ˈvɜːrsəz/

plural of “verse” — literature in metrical form

From this reading Thus, at a time when persons of quality translated French romances, and when the universities celebrated royal deaths in verses about tritons and fauns, a preaching tinker produced the Pilgrim's Progress.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We have attempted to show that, as knowledge is extended and as the reason develops itself, the imitative arts decay.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Thus, at a time when persons of quality translated French romances, and when the universities celebrated royal deaths in verses about tritons and fauns, a preaching tinker produced the Pilgrim's Progress.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The few great works of imagination which appear in a critical age are, almost without exception, the works of uneducated men.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading The few great works of imagination which appear in a critical age are, almost without exception, the works of uneducated men.

worksnounUS /wɜːrks/

buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading The few great works of imagination which appear in a critical age are, almost without exception, the works of uneducated men.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading We should, therefore, expect that the corruption of poetry would commence in the educated classes of society.

Chapter 3 of Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2 by Thomas Babington Macaulay, Baron Macaulay holds 152 sentences, grouped into 31 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2 contain?

Chapter 3 holds 152 sentences of Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2, unabridged, divided into 31 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2 by Thomas Babington Macaulay, Baron Macaulay exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 152 sentences, grouped into 31 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2?

Work through the 31 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

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Vocabulary met early in Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2

Words and structures a reader meets early in Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Miscellaneous
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Writings
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Speeches
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Macaulay
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.