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Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2
Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2 is here in full — 156 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/31 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Diversity, it is said, implies error: truth is one, and admits of no degrees.
We answer, that this principle holds good only in abstract reasonings.
When we talk of the truth of imitation in the fine arts, we mean an imperfect and a graduated truth.
No picture is exactly like the original; nor is a picture good in proportion as it is like the original.
When Sir Thomas Lawrence paints a handsome peeress, he does not contemplate her through a powerful microscope, and transfer to the canvas the pores of the skin, the blood-vessels of the eye, and all the other beauties which Gulliver discovered in the Brobdingnagian maids of honour.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2 is here in full — 156 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/31 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Diversity, it is said, implies error: truth is one, and admits of no degrees.
/dɪˈvɜːrsɪti ɪt ɪz sed ˌɪmˈplaɪz ˈerər truːθ ɪz wʌn ənd ədˈmɪts ʌv noʊ dɪˈɡriːz/
Line 2
We answer, that this principle holds good only in abstract reasonings.
Line 3
When we talk of the truth of imitation in the fine arts, we mean an imperfect and a graduated truth.
/wen wiː tɔːk ʌv ðə truːθ ʌv ˌɪməˈteɪʃən ɪn ðə faɪn ɑːrts wiː miːn æn ˌɪmˈpɜːrfɪkt ənd ə ˈɡrædʒuːeɪtɪd truːθ/
Line 4
No picture is exactly like the original; nor is a picture good in proportion as it is like the original.
/noʊ ˈpɪktʃər ɪz ɪɡˈzæktli laɪk ðə ərˈɪdʒənəl nɔːr ɪz ə ˈpɪktʃər ɡʊd ɪn prəˈpɔːrʃən æz ɪt ɪz laɪk ðə ərˈɪdʒənəl/
Line 5
When Sir Thomas Lawrence paints a handsome peeress, he does not contemplate her through a powerful microscope, and transfer to the canvas the pores of the skin, the blood-vessels of the eye, and all the other beauties which Gulliver discovered in the Brobdingnagian maids of honour.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Brobdingnagian adjective US /ˌbrɔːbdɪɡˈnæɡiən/

huge; relating to or characteristic of the imaginary country of Brobdingnag

From this reading “When Sir Thomas Lawrence paints a handsome peeress, he does not contemplate her through a powerful microscope, and transfer to the canvas the pores of the skin, the blood-vessels of the eye, and all the other beauties which Gulliver discovered in the Brobdingnagian maids of honour.”

Diversity noun US /dɪˈvɜːrsɪti/

noticeable heterogeneity

From this reading “Diversity, it is said, implies error: truth is one, and admits of no degrees.”

graduated adjective US /ˈɡrædʒuːeɪtɪd/

marked with or divided into degrees

From this reading “When we talk of the truth of imitation in the fine arts, we mean an imperfect and a graduated truth.”

Gulliver proper noun US /ˈɡʌl.ɪ.vər/

The famous literary traveler who journeyed to Lilliput and Brobdingnag.

From this reading “When Sir Thomas Lawrence paints a handsome peeress, he does not contemplate her through a powerful microscope, and transfer to the canvas the pores of the skin, the blood-vessels of the eye, and all the other beauties which Gulliver discovered in the Brobdingnagian maids of honour.”

implies verb US /ˌɪmˈplaɪz/

third-person singular of “imply” — express or state indirectly

From this reading “Diversity, it is said, implies error: truth is one, and admits of no degrees.”

microscope noun US /ˈmaɪkrəskoʊp/

magnifier of the image of small objects

From this reading “When Sir Thomas Lawrence paints a handsome peeress, he does not contemplate her through a powerful microscope, and transfer to the canvas the pores of the skin, the blood-vessels of the eye, and all the other beauties which Gulliver discovered in the Brobdingnagian maids of honour.”

paints noun US /peɪnts/

plural of “paint” — a substance used as a coating to protect or decorate a surface (especially a mixture of pigment suspended in a liquid); dries to form a hard coating

From this reading “When Sir Thomas Lawrence paints a handsome peeress, he does not contemplate her through a powerful microscope, and transfer to the canvas the pores of the skin, the blood-vessels of the eye, and all the other beauties which Gulliver discovered in the Brobdingnagian maids of honour.”

pores noun US /pɔːrz/

plural of “pore” — any tiny hole admitting passage of a liquid (fluid or gas)

From this reading “When Sir Thomas Lawrence paints a handsome peeress, he does not contemplate her through a powerful microscope, and transfer to the canvas the pores of the skin, the blood-vessels of the eye, and all the other beauties which Gulliver discovered in the Brobdingnagian maids of honour.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading When we talk of the truth of imitation in the fine arts, we mean an imperfect and a graduated truth.

abstractverbUS /æbˈstrækt/

consider a concept without thinking of a specific example; consider abstractly or theoretically

From this reading We answer, that this principle holds good only in abstract reasonings.

admitsverbUS /ədˈmɪts/

third-person singular of “admit” — declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of

From this reading Diversity, it is said, implies error: truth is one, and admits of no degrees.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading When Sir Thomas Lawrence paints a handsome peeress, he does not contemplate her through a powerful microscope, and transfer to the canvas the pores of the skin, the blood-vessels of the eye, and all the other beauties which Gulliver discovered in the Brobdingnagian maids of honour.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading When we talk of the truth of imitation in the fine arts, we mean an imperfect and a graduated truth.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Diversity, it is said, implies error: truth is one, and admits of no degrees.

answerverbUS /ˈænsər/

react verbally

From this reading We answer, that this principle holds good only in abstract reasonings.

artsnounUS /ɑːrts/

studies intended to provide general knowledge and intellectual skills (rather than occupational or professional skills)

From this reading When we talk of the truth of imitation in the fine arts, we mean an imperfect and a graduated truth.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading No picture is exactly like the original; nor is a picture good in proportion as it is like the original.

beautiesnounUS /ˈbjuːtiz/

plural of “beauty” — the qualities that give pleasure to the senses

From this reading When Sir Thomas Lawrence paints a handsome peeress, he does not contemplate her through a powerful microscope, and transfer to the canvas the pores of the skin, the blood-vessels of the eye, and all the other beauties which Gulliver discovered in the Brobdingnagian maids of honour.

blood-vessels

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When Sir Thomas Lawrence paints a handsome peeress, he does not contemplate her through a powerful microscope, and transfer to the canvas the pores of the skin, the blood-vessels of the eye, and all the other beauties which Gulliver discovered in the Brobdingnagian maids of honour.

BrobdingnagianadjectiveUS /ˌbrɔːbdɪɡˈnæɡiən/

huge; relating to or characteristic of the imaginary country of Brobdingnag

From this reading When Sir Thomas Lawrence paints a handsome peeress, he does not contemplate her through a powerful microscope, and transfer to the canvas the pores of the skin, the blood-vessels of the eye, and all the other beauties which Gulliver discovered in the Brobdingnagian maids of honour.

canvasnounUS /ˈkænvəs/

a heavy, closely woven fabric (used for clothing or chairs or sails or tents)

From this reading When Sir Thomas Lawrence paints a handsome peeress, he does not contemplate her through a powerful microscope, and transfer to the canvas the pores of the skin, the blood-vessels of the eye, and all the other beauties which Gulliver discovered in the Brobdingnagian maids of honour.

contemplateverbUS /ˈkɑːntəmpleɪt/

look at thoughtfully; observe deep in thought

From this reading When Sir Thomas Lawrence paints a handsome peeress, he does not contemplate her through a powerful microscope, and transfer to the canvas the pores of the skin, the blood-vessels of the eye, and all the other beauties which Gulliver discovered in the Brobdingnagian maids of honour.

degreesnounUS /dɪˈɡriːz/

plural of “degree” — a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading Diversity, it is said, implies error: truth is one, and admits of no degrees.

discoveredadjectiveUS /dɪˈskʌvərd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading When Sir Thomas Lawrence paints a handsome peeress, he does not contemplate her through a powerful microscope, and transfer to the canvas the pores of the skin, the blood-vessels of the eye, and all the other beauties which Gulliver discovered in the Brobdingnagian maids of honour.

DiversitynounUS /dɪˈvɜːrsɪti/

noticeable heterogeneity

From this reading Diversity, it is said, implies error: truth is one, and admits of no degrees.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading When Sir Thomas Lawrence paints a handsome peeress, he does not contemplate her through a powerful microscope, and transfer to the canvas the pores of the skin, the blood-vessels of the eye, and all the other beauties which Gulliver discovered in the Brobdingnagian maids of honour.

errornounUS /ˈerər/

a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention

From this reading Diversity, it is said, implies error: truth is one, and admits of no degrees.

exactlyadverbUS /ɪɡˈzæktli/

indicating exactness or preciseness

From this reading No picture is exactly like the original; nor is a picture good in proportion as it is like the original.

eyenounUS /aɪ/

the organ of sight

From this reading When Sir Thomas Lawrence paints a handsome peeress, he does not contemplate her through a powerful microscope, and transfer to the canvas the pores of the skin, the blood-vessels of the eye, and all the other beauties which Gulliver discovered in the Brobdingnagian maids of honour.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading When we talk of the truth of imitation in the fine arts, we mean an imperfect and a graduated truth.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading We answer, that this principle holds good only in abstract reasonings.

graduatedadjectiveUS /ˈɡrædʒuːeɪtɪd/

marked with or divided into degrees

From this reading When we talk of the truth of imitation in the fine arts, we mean an imperfect and a graduated truth.

Gulliverproper nounUS /ˈɡʌl.ɪ.vər/

The famous literary traveler who journeyed to Lilliput and Brobdingnag.

From this reading When Sir Thomas Lawrence paints a handsome peeress, he does not contemplate her through a powerful microscope, and transfer to the canvas the pores of the skin, the blood-vessels of the eye, and all the other beauties which Gulliver discovered in the Brobdingnagian maids of honour.

handsomeadjectiveUS /ˈhænsəm/

pleasing in appearance especially by reason of conformity to ideals of form and proportion

From this reading When Sir Thomas Lawrence paints a handsome peeress, he does not contemplate her through a powerful microscope, and transfer to the canvas the pores of the skin, the blood-vessels of the eye, and all the other beauties which Gulliver discovered in the Brobdingnagian maids of honour.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading When Sir Thomas Lawrence paints a handsome peeress, he does not contemplate her through a powerful microscope, and transfer to the canvas the pores of the skin, the blood-vessels of the eye, and all the other beauties which Gulliver discovered in the Brobdingnagian maids of honour.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading When Sir Thomas Lawrence paints a handsome peeress, he does not contemplate her through a powerful microscope, and transfer to the canvas the pores of the skin, the blood-vessels of the eye, and all the other beauties which Gulliver discovered in the Brobdingnagian maids of honour.

holdsnounUS /hoʊldz/

plural of “hold” — the act of grasping

From this reading We answer, that this principle holds good only in abstract reasonings.

honournounUS /ˈɑːnər/

the state of being honored

From this reading When Sir Thomas Lawrence paints a handsome peeress, he does not contemplate her through a powerful microscope, and transfer to the canvas the pores of the skin, the blood-vessels of the eye, and all the other beauties which Gulliver discovered in the Brobdingnagian maids of honour.

imitationnounUS /ˌɪməˈteɪʃən/

the doctrine that representations of nature or human behavior should be accurate imitations

From this reading When we talk of the truth of imitation in the fine arts, we mean an imperfect and a graduated truth.

imperfectadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɜːrfɪkt/

not perfect; defective or inadequate

From this reading When we talk of the truth of imitation in the fine arts, we mean an imperfect and a graduated truth.

impliesverbUS /ˌɪmˈplaɪz/

third-person singular of “imply” — express or state indirectly

From this reading Diversity, it is said, implies error: truth is one, and admits of no degrees.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading We answer, that this principle holds good only in abstract reasonings.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Diversity, it is said, implies error: truth is one, and admits of no degrees.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Diversity, it is said, implies error: truth is one, and admits of no degrees.

LawrencenounUS /ˈlɔːrəns/

Roman martyr; supposedly Lawrence was ordered by the police to give up the church's treasure and when he responded by presenting the poor people of Rome he was roasted to death on a gridiron (died in 258)

From this reading When Sir Thomas Lawrence paints a handsome peeress, he does not contemplate her through a powerful microscope, and transfer to the canvas the pores of the skin, the blood-vessels of the eye, and all the other beauties which Gulliver discovered in the Brobdingnagian maids of honour.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading No picture is exactly like the original; nor is a picture good in proportion as it is like the original.

maidsnounUS /meɪdz/

plural of “maid” — a female domestic

From this reading When Sir Thomas Lawrence paints a handsome peeress, he does not contemplate her through a powerful microscope, and transfer to the canvas the pores of the skin, the blood-vessels of the eye, and all the other beauties which Gulliver discovered in the Brobdingnagian maids of honour.

meanverbUS /miːn/

mean or intend to express or convey

From this reading When we talk of the truth of imitation in the fine arts, we mean an imperfect and a graduated truth.

microscopenounUS /ˈmaɪkrəskoʊp/

magnifier of the image of small objects

From this reading When Sir Thomas Lawrence paints a handsome peeress, he does not contemplate her through a powerful microscope, and transfer to the canvas the pores of the skin, the blood-vessels of the eye, and all the other beauties which Gulliver discovered in the Brobdingnagian maids of honour.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Diversity, it is said, implies error: truth is one, and admits of no degrees.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading No picture is exactly like the original; nor is a picture good in proportion as it is like the original.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading When Sir Thomas Lawrence paints a handsome peeress, he does not contemplate her through a powerful microscope, and transfer to the canvas the pores of the skin, the blood-vessels of the eye, and all the other beauties which Gulliver discovered in the Brobdingnagian maids of honour.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Diversity, it is said, implies error: truth is one, and admits of no degrees.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Diversity, it is said, implies error: truth is one, and admits of no degrees.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading We answer, that this principle holds good only in abstract reasonings.

originaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading No picture is exactly like the original; nor is a picture good in proportion as it is like the original.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading When Sir Thomas Lawrence paints a handsome peeress, he does not contemplate her through a powerful microscope, and transfer to the canvas the pores of the skin, the blood-vessels of the eye, and all the other beauties which Gulliver discovered in the Brobdingnagian maids of honour.

paintsnounUS /peɪnts/

plural of “paint” — a substance used as a coating to protect or decorate a surface (especially a mixture of pigment suspended in a liquid); dries to form a hard coating

From this reading When Sir Thomas Lawrence paints a handsome peeress, he does not contemplate her through a powerful microscope, and transfer to the canvas the pores of the skin, the blood-vessels of the eye, and all the other beauties which Gulliver discovered in the Brobdingnagian maids of honour.

peeressnoun

a woman of the peerage in Britain

From this reading When Sir Thomas Lawrence paints a handsome peeress, he does not contemplate her through a powerful microscope, and transfer to the canvas the pores of the skin, the blood-vessels of the eye, and all the other beauties which Gulliver discovered in the Brobdingnagian maids of honour.

picturenounUS /ˈpɪktʃər/

a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface

From this reading No picture is exactly like the original; nor is a picture good in proportion as it is like the original.

poresnounUS /pɔːrz/

plural of “pore” — any tiny hole admitting passage of a liquid (fluid or gas)

From this reading When Sir Thomas Lawrence paints a handsome peeress, he does not contemplate her through a powerful microscope, and transfer to the canvas the pores of the skin, the blood-vessels of the eye, and all the other beauties which Gulliver discovered in the Brobdingnagian maids of honour.

powerfuladjectiveUS /ˈpaʊərfəl/

having great power or force or potency or effect

From this reading When Sir Thomas Lawrence paints a handsome peeress, he does not contemplate her through a powerful microscope, and transfer to the canvas the pores of the skin, the blood-vessels of the eye, and all the other beauties which Gulliver discovered in the Brobdingnagian maids of honour.

principlenounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəl/

a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading We answer, that this principle holds good only in abstract reasonings.

proportionnounUS /prəˈpɔːrʃən/

the quotient obtained when the magnitude of a part is divided by the magnitude of the whole

From this reading No picture is exactly like the original; nor is a picture good in proportion as it is like the original.

reasonings

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We answer, that this principle holds good only in abstract reasonings.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading Diversity, it is said, implies error: truth is one, and admits of no degrees.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading When Sir Thomas Lawrence paints a handsome peeress, he does not contemplate her through a powerful microscope, and transfer to the canvas the pores of the skin, the blood-vessels of the eye, and all the other beauties which Gulliver discovered in the Brobdingnagian maids of honour.

skinnounUS /skɪn/

a natural protective body covering and site of the sense of touch

From this reading When Sir Thomas Lawrence paints a handsome peeress, he does not contemplate her through a powerful microscope, and transfer to the canvas the pores of the skin, the blood-vessels of the eye, and all the other beauties which Gulliver discovered in the Brobdingnagian maids of honour.

talkverbUS /tɔːk/

exchange thoughts; talk with

From this reading When we talk of the truth of imitation in the fine arts, we mean an imperfect and a graduated truth.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading We answer, that this principle holds good only in abstract reasonings.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading When we talk of the truth of imitation in the fine arts, we mean an imperfect and a graduated truth.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading We answer, that this principle holds good only in abstract reasonings.

ThomasnounUS /ˈtɑːməs/

United States clockmaker who introduced mass production (1785-1859)

From this reading When Sir Thomas Lawrence paints a handsome peeress, he does not contemplate her through a powerful microscope, and transfer to the canvas the pores of the skin, the blood-vessels of the eye, and all the other beauties which Gulliver discovered in the Brobdingnagian maids of honour.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading When Sir Thomas Lawrence paints a handsome peeress, he does not contemplate her through a powerful microscope, and transfer to the canvas the pores of the skin, the blood-vessels of the eye, and all the other beauties which Gulliver discovered in the Brobdingnagian maids of honour.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading When Sir Thomas Lawrence paints a handsome peeress, he does not contemplate her through a powerful microscope, and transfer to the canvas the pores of the skin, the blood-vessels of the eye, and all the other beauties which Gulliver discovered in the Brobdingnagian maids of honour.

transferverbUS /trænˈsfɜːr/

transfer somebody to a different position or location of work

From this reading When Sir Thomas Lawrence paints a handsome peeress, he does not contemplate her through a powerful microscope, and transfer to the canvas the pores of the skin, the blood-vessels of the eye, and all the other beauties which Gulliver discovered in the Brobdingnagian maids of honour.

truthnounUS /truːθ/

a fact that has been verified

From this reading Diversity, it is said, implies error: truth is one, and admits of no degrees.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We answer, that this principle holds good only in abstract reasonings.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When we talk of the truth of imitation in the fine arts, we mean an imperfect and a graduated truth.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading When Sir Thomas Lawrence paints a handsome peeress, he does not contemplate her through a powerful microscope, and transfer to the canvas the pores of the skin, the blood-vessels of the eye, and all the other beauties which Gulliver discovered in the Brobdingnagian maids of honour.

Chapter 7 of Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2 by Thomas Babington Macaulay, Baron Macaulay holds 156 sentences, grouped into 32 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2 contain?

Chapter 7 holds 156 sentences of Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2, unabridged, divided into 32 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2 by Thomas Babington Macaulay, Baron Macaulay exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 156 sentences, grouped into 32 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2?

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Vocabulary met early in Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2

Words and structures a reader meets early in Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Miscellaneous
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Writings
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Speeches
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Macaulay
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