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Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2
Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2 is here in full — 154 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/30 · 5 lines
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The writings of these men, and of their modern imitators, have produced effects which deserve some notice.
The English have been so long accustomed to political speculation, and have enjoyed so large a measure of practical liberty, that such works have produced little effect on their minds.
We have classical associations and great names of our own which we can confidently oppose to the most splendid of ancient times.
Senate has not to our ears a sound so venerable as Parliament.
We respect to the Great Charter more than the laws of Solon.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2 is here in full — 154 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/30 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The writings of these men, and of their modern imitators, have produced effects which deserve some notice.
/ðə ˈraɪtɪŋz ʌv ðiːz men ənd ʌv ðer ˈmɑːdərn ˈɪmɪteɪtərz hæv prəˈduːst ɪˈfekts wɪtʃ dɪˈzɜːrv sʌm ˈnoʊtəs/
Line 2
The English have been so long accustomed to political speculation, and have enjoyed so large a measure of practical liberty, that such works have produced little effect on their minds.
/ðə ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ hæv bɪn soʊ lɔːŋ əˈkʌstəmd tuː pəˈlɪtəkəl ˌspekjəˈleɪʃən ənd hæv ˌenˈdʒɔɪd soʊ lɑːrdʒ ə ˈmeʒər ʌv ˈpræktəkəl ˈlɪb.ər.ti ðæt sʌtʃ wɜːrks hæv prəˈduːst ˈlɪtəl ɪˈfekt ɑːn ðer maɪndz/
Line 3
We have classical associations and great names of our own which we can confidently oppose to the most splendid of ancient times.
/wiː hæv ˈklæsɪkəl əˌsoʊsiˈeɪʃənz ənd ɡreɪt neɪmz ʌv ˈaʊər oʊn wɪtʃ wiː kæn ˈkɑːnfədəntli əˈpoʊz tuː ðə moʊst ˈsplendɪd ʌv ˈeɪn.ʃənt taɪmz/
Line 4
Senate has not to our ears a sound so venerable as Parliament.
/ˈsenət hæz nɑːt tuː ˈaʊər ɪrz ə saʊnd soʊ ˈvenərəbəl æz ˈpɑːrləmənt/
Line 5
We respect to the Great Charter more than the laws of Solon.
/wiː rɪˈspekt tuː ðə ɡreɪt ˈtʃɑːrtər mɔːr ðæn ðə lɔːz ʌv ˈsoʊlən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

associations noun US /əˌsoʊsiˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “association” — a formal organization of people or groups of people

From this reading “We have classical associations and great names of our own which we can confidently oppose to the most splendid of ancient times.”

Charter verb US /ˈtʃɑːrtər/

hold under a lease or rental agreement; of goods and services

From this reading “We respect to the Great Charter more than the laws of Solon.”

classical adjective US /ˈklæsɪkəl/

of or relating to the first significant period of a civilization, culture, area of study, etc.

From this reading “We have classical associations and great names of our own which we can confidently oppose to the most splendid of ancient times.”

confidently adverb US /ˈkɑːnfədəntli/

with confidence; in a confident manner

From this reading “We have classical associations and great names of our own which we can confidently oppose to the most splendid of ancient times.”

imitators noun US /ˈɪmɪteɪtərz/

plural of “imitator” — someone who (fraudulently) assumes the appearance of another

From this reading “The writings of these men, and of their modern imitators, have produced effects which deserve some notice.”

Senate noun US /ˈsenət/

assembly possessing high legislative powers

From this reading “Senate has not to our ears a sound so venerable as Parliament.”

Solon noun US /ˈsoʊlən/

a man who is a respected leader in national or international affairs

From this reading “We respect to the Great Charter more than the laws of Solon.”

writings noun US /ˈraɪtɪŋz/

the third of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures

From this reading “The writings of these men, and of their modern imitators, have produced effects which deserve some notice.”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The English have been so long accustomed to political speculation, and have enjoyed so large a measure of practical liberty, that such works have produced little effect on their minds.

accustomedadjectiveUS /əˈkʌstəmd/

commonly used or practiced; usual

From this reading The English have been so long accustomed to political speculation, and have enjoyed so large a measure of practical liberty, that such works have produced little effect on their minds.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading We have classical associations and great names of our own which we can confidently oppose to the most splendid of ancient times.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The writings of these men, and of their modern imitators, have produced effects which deserve some notice.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Senate has not to our ears a sound so venerable as Parliament.

associationsnounUS /əˌsoʊsiˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “association” — a formal organization of people or groups of people

From this reading We have classical associations and great names of our own which we can confidently oppose to the most splendid of ancient times.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The English have been so long accustomed to political speculation, and have enjoyed so large a measure of practical liberty, that such works have produced little effect on their minds.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading We have classical associations and great names of our own which we can confidently oppose to the most splendid of ancient times.

CharterverbUS /ˈtʃɑːrtər/

hold under a lease or rental agreement; of goods and services

From this reading We respect to the Great Charter more than the laws of Solon.

classicaladjectiveUS /ˈklæsɪkəl/

of or relating to the first significant period of a civilization, culture, area of study, etc.

From this reading We have classical associations and great names of our own which we can confidently oppose to the most splendid of ancient times.

confidentlyadverbUS /ˈkɑːnfədəntli/

with confidence; in a confident manner

From this reading We have classical associations and great names of our own which we can confidently oppose to the most splendid of ancient times.

deserveverbUS /dɪˈzɜːrv/

be worthy or deserving

From this reading The writings of these men, and of their modern imitators, have produced effects which deserve some notice.

earsnounUS /ɪrz/

plural of “ear” — the sense organ for hearing and equilibrium

From this reading Senate has not to our ears a sound so venerable as Parliament.

effectnounUS /ɪˈfekt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading The English have been so long accustomed to political speculation, and have enjoyed so large a measure of practical liberty, that such works have produced little effect on their minds.

effectsnounUS /ɪˈfekts/

property of a personal character that is portable but not used in business

From this reading The writings of these men, and of their modern imitators, have produced effects which deserve some notice.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading The English have been so long accustomed to political speculation, and have enjoyed so large a measure of practical liberty, that such works have produced little effect on their minds.

enjoyedverbUS /ˌenˈdʒɔɪd/

past form of “enjoy” — derive or receive pleasure from; get enjoyment from; take pleasure in

From this reading The English have been so long accustomed to political speculation, and have enjoyed so large a measure of practical liberty, that such works have produced little effect on their minds.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading We have classical associations and great names of our own which we can confidently oppose to the most splendid of ancient times.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Senate has not to our ears a sound so venerable as Parliament.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The writings of these men, and of their modern imitators, have produced effects which deserve some notice.

imitatorsnounUS /ˈɪmɪteɪtərz/

plural of “imitator” — someone who (fraudulently) assumes the appearance of another

From this reading The writings of these men, and of their modern imitators, have produced effects which deserve some notice.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The English have been so long accustomed to political speculation, and have enjoyed so large a measure of practical liberty, that such works have produced little effect on their minds.

lawsnounUS /lɔːz/

the first of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures comprising the first five books of the Hebrew Bible considered as a unit

From this reading We respect to the Great Charter more than the laws of Solon.

libertynounUS /ˈlɪb.ər.ti/

The state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions on one's way of life.

From this reading The English have been so long accustomed to political speculation, and have enjoyed so large a measure of practical liberty, that such works have produced little effect on their minds.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The English have been so long accustomed to political speculation, and have enjoyed so large a measure of practical liberty, that such works have produced little effect on their minds.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading The English have been so long accustomed to political speculation, and have enjoyed so large a measure of practical liberty, that such works have produced little effect on their minds.

measurenounUS /ˈmeʒər/

any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading The English have been so long accustomed to political speculation, and have enjoyed so large a measure of practical liberty, that such works have produced little effect on their minds.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The writings of these men, and of their modern imitators, have produced effects which deserve some notice.

mindsnounUS /maɪndz/

plural of “mind” — that which is responsible for one's thoughts, feelings, and conscious brain functions; the seat of the faculty of reason

From this reading The English have been so long accustomed to political speculation, and have enjoyed so large a measure of practical liberty, that such works have produced little effect on their minds.

modernadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdərn/

belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages

From this reading The writings of these men, and of their modern imitators, have produced effects which deserve some notice.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading We respect to the Great Charter more than the laws of Solon.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading We have classical associations and great names of our own which we can confidently oppose to the most splendid of ancient times.

namesnounUS /neɪmz/

verbal abuse; a crude substitute for argument

From this reading We have classical associations and great names of our own which we can confidently oppose to the most splendid of ancient times.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Senate has not to our ears a sound so venerable as Parliament.

noticenounUS /ˈnoʊtəs/

an announcement containing information about an event

From this reading The writings of these men, and of their modern imitators, have produced effects which deserve some notice.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The writings of these men, and of their modern imitators, have produced effects which deserve some notice.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The English have been so long accustomed to political speculation, and have enjoyed so large a measure of practical liberty, that such works have produced little effect on their minds.

opposeverbUS /əˈpoʊz/

be against; express opposition to

From this reading We have classical associations and great names of our own which we can confidently oppose to the most splendid of ancient times.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading We have classical associations and great names of our own which we can confidently oppose to the most splendid of ancient times.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading We have classical associations and great names of our own which we can confidently oppose to the most splendid of ancient times.

ParliamentnounUS /ˈpɑːrləmənt/

a legislative assembly in certain countries

From this reading Senate has not to our ears a sound so venerable as Parliament.

politicaladjectiveUS /pəˈlɪtəkəl/

involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians

From this reading The English have been so long accustomed to political speculation, and have enjoyed so large a measure of practical liberty, that such works have produced little effect on their minds.

practicaladjectiveUS /ˈpræktəkəl/

concerned with actual use or practice

From this reading The English have been so long accustomed to political speculation, and have enjoyed so large a measure of practical liberty, that such works have produced little effect on their minds.

producedverbUS /prəˈduːst/

past form of “produce” — bring forth or yield

From this reading The writings of these men, and of their modern imitators, have produced effects which deserve some notice.

respectnounUS /rɪˈspekt/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading We respect to the Great Charter more than the laws of Solon.

SenatenounUS /ˈsenət/

assembly possessing high legislative powers

From this reading Senate has not to our ears a sound so venerable as Parliament.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The English have been so long accustomed to political speculation, and have enjoyed so large a measure of practical liberty, that such works have produced little effect on their minds.

SolonnounUS /ˈsoʊlən/

a man who is a respected leader in national or international affairs

From this reading We respect to the Great Charter more than the laws of Solon.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The writings of these men, and of their modern imitators, have produced effects which deserve some notice.

soundnounUS /saʊnd/

the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading Senate has not to our ears a sound so venerable as Parliament.

speculationnounUS /ˌspekjəˈleɪʃən/

a message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidence

From this reading The English have been so long accustomed to political speculation, and have enjoyed so large a measure of practical liberty, that such works have produced little effect on their minds.

splendidadjectiveUS /ˈsplendɪd/

having great beauty and splendor

From this reading We have classical associations and great names of our own which we can confidently oppose to the most splendid of ancient times.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading The English have been so long accustomed to political speculation, and have enjoyed so large a measure of practical liberty, that such works have produced little effect on their minds.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading We respect to the Great Charter more than the laws of Solon.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The English have been so long accustomed to political speculation, and have enjoyed so large a measure of practical liberty, that such works have produced little effect on their minds.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The writings of these men, and of their modern imitators, have produced effects which deserve some notice.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The writings of these men, and of their modern imitators, have produced effects which deserve some notice.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading The writings of these men, and of their modern imitators, have produced effects which deserve some notice.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading We have classical associations and great names of our own which we can confidently oppose to the most splendid of ancient times.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The English have been so long accustomed to political speculation, and have enjoyed so large a measure of practical liberty, that such works have produced little effect on their minds.

venerableadjectiveUS /ˈvenərəbəl/

impressive by reason of age

From this reading Senate has not to our ears a sound so venerable as Parliament.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We have classical associations and great names of our own which we can confidently oppose to the most splendid of ancient times.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The writings of these men, and of their modern imitators, have produced effects which deserve some notice.

worksnounUS /wɜːrks/

buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading The English have been so long accustomed to political speculation, and have enjoyed so large a measure of practical liberty, that such works have produced little effect on their minds.

writingsnounUS /ˈraɪtɪŋz/

the third of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures

From this reading The writings of these men, and of their modern imitators, have produced effects which deserve some notice.

Chapter 8 of Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2 by Thomas Babington Macaulay, Baron Macaulay holds 154 sentences, grouped into 31 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2 contain?

Chapter 8 holds 154 sentences of Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2, unabridged, divided into 31 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2 by Thomas Babington Macaulay, Baron Macaulay exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 154 sentences, grouped into 31 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2?

Work through the 31 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 31 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Vocabulary met early in Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2

Words and structures a reader meets early in Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Miscellaneous
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Writings
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Speeches
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Macaulay
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.