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Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2
Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2 is here in full — 152 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/30 · 5 lines
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In the philosophy of history, the moderns have very far surpassed the ancients.
It is not, indeed, strange that the Greeks and Romans should not have carried the science of government, or any other experimental science, so far as it has been carried in our time; for the experimental sciences are generally in a state of progression.
They were better understood in the seventeenth century than in the sixteenth, and in the eighteenth century than in the seventeenth.
But this constant improvement, this natural growth of knowledge, will not altogether account for the immense superiority of the modern writers.
The difference is a difference not in degree, but of kind.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2 is here in full — 152 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/30 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In the philosophy of history, the moderns have very far surpassed the ancients.
/ɪn ðə fɪˈlɑː.sə.fi ʌv ˈhɪstəri ðə ˈmɑːdərnz hæv ˈveri fɑːr sərˈpæst ðə ˈeɪntʃənts/
Line 2
It is not, indeed, strange that the Greeks and Romans should not have carried the science of government, or any other experimental science, so far as it has been carried in our time; for the experimental sciences are generally in a state of progression.
/ɪt ɪz nɑːt ˌɪnˈdiːd streɪndʒ ðæt ðə ɡriːks ənd ˈroʊmənz ʃʊd nɑːt hæv ˈkærid ðə ˈsaɪəns ʌv ˈɡʌvərmənt ɔːr ˈeni ˈʌðər ɪkˌsperɪˈmentəl ˈsaɪəns soʊ fɑːr æz ɪt hæz bɪn ˈkærid ɪn ˈaʊər taɪm fɔːr ðə ɪkˌsperɪˈmentəl ˈsaɪənsəz ɑːr ˈdʒenərəli ɪn ə steɪt ʌv prəˈɡreʃən/
Line 3
They were better understood in the seventeenth century than in the sixteenth, and in the eighteenth century than in the seventeenth.
/ðeɪ wɜːr ˈbetər ˌʌndərˈstʊd ɪn ðə ˈsevənˈtiːnθ ˈsentʃəri ðæn ɪn ðə sɪkˈstiːnθ ənd ɪn ðə eɪˈtiːnθ ˈsentʃəri ðæn ɪn ðə ˈsevənˈtiːnθ/
Line 4
But this constant improvement, this natural growth of knowledge, will not altogether account for the immense superiority of the modern writers.
/bʌt ðɪs ˈkɑːnstənt ˌɪmˈpruːvmənt ðɪs ˈnætʃərəl ɡroʊθ ʌv ˈnɑːlədʒ wɪl nɑːt ˌɔːltəˈɡeðər əˈkaʊnt fɔːr ðə ˌɪˈmens ˌsuːpɪriˈɔːrɪti ʌv ðə ˈmɑːdərn ˈraɪtərz/
Line 5
The difference is a difference not in degree, but of kind.
/ðə ˈdɪfərəns ɪz ə ˈdɪfərəns nɑːt ɪn dɪˈɡriː bʌt ʌv kaɪnd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ancients noun US /ˈeɪntʃənts/

people who lived in times long past (especially during the historical period before the fall of the Roman Empire in western Europe)

From this reading “In the philosophy of history, the moderns have very far surpassed the ancients.”

experimental adjective US /ɪkˌsperɪˈmentəl/

relating to or based on experiment

From this reading “It is not, indeed, strange that the Greeks and Romans should not have carried the science of government, or any other experimental science, so far as it has been carried in our time; for the experimental sciences are generally in a state of progression.”

moderns noun US /ˈmɑːdərnz/

plural of “modern” — a contemporary person

From this reading “In the philosophy of history, the moderns have very far surpassed the ancients.”

progression noun US /prəˈɡreʃən/

a series with a definite pattern of advance

From this reading “It is not, indeed, strange that the Greeks and Romans should not have carried the science of government, or any other experimental science, so far as it has been carried in our time; for the experimental sciences are generally in a state of progression.”

sciences noun US /ˈsaɪənsəz/

plural of “science” — a particular branch of scientific knowledge

From this reading “It is not, indeed, strange that the Greeks and Romans should not have carried the science of government, or any other experimental science, so far as it has been carried in our time; for the experimental sciences are generally in a state of progression.”

seventeenth adjective US /ˈsevənˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the sixteenth in position

From this reading “They were better understood in the seventeenth century than in the sixteenth, and in the eighteenth century than in the seventeenth.”

sixteenth adjective US /sɪkˈstiːnθ/

coming next after the fifteenth in position

From this reading “They were better understood in the seventeenth century than in the sixteenth, and in the eighteenth century than in the seventeenth.”

surpassed verb US /sərˈpæst/

past form of “surpass” — distinguish oneself

From this reading “In the philosophy of history, the moderns have very far surpassed the ancients.”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It is not, indeed, strange that the Greeks and Romans should not have carried the science of government, or any other experimental science, so far as it has been carried in our time; for the experimental sciences are generally in a state of progression.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading But this constant improvement, this natural growth of knowledge, will not altogether account for the immense superiority of the modern writers.

altogetheradverbUS /ˌɔːltəˈɡeðər/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading But this constant improvement, this natural growth of knowledge, will not altogether account for the immense superiority of the modern writers.

ancientsnounUS /ˈeɪntʃənts/

people who lived in times long past (especially during the historical period before the fall of the Roman Empire in western Europe)

From this reading In the philosophy of history, the moderns have very far surpassed the ancients.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It is not, indeed, strange that the Greeks and Romans should not have carried the science of government, or any other experimental science, so far as it has been carried in our time; for the experimental sciences are generally in a state of progression.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading It is not, indeed, strange that the Greeks and Romans should not have carried the science of government, or any other experimental science, so far as it has been carried in our time; for the experimental sciences are generally in a state of progression.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It is not, indeed, strange that the Greeks and Romans should not have carried the science of government, or any other experimental science, so far as it has been carried in our time; for the experimental sciences are generally in a state of progression.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It is not, indeed, strange that the Greeks and Romans should not have carried the science of government, or any other experimental science, so far as it has been carried in our time; for the experimental sciences are generally in a state of progression.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading It is not, indeed, strange that the Greeks and Romans should not have carried the science of government, or any other experimental science, so far as it has been carried in our time; for the experimental sciences are generally in a state of progression.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading They were better understood in the seventeenth century than in the sixteenth, and in the eighteenth century than in the seventeenth.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But this constant improvement, this natural growth of knowledge, will not altogether account for the immense superiority of the modern writers.

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading It is not, indeed, strange that the Greeks and Romans should not have carried the science of government, or any other experimental science, so far as it has been carried in our time; for the experimental sciences are generally in a state of progression.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading They were better understood in the seventeenth century than in the sixteenth, and in the eighteenth century than in the seventeenth.

constantadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnstənt/

unvarying in nature

From this reading But this constant improvement, this natural growth of knowledge, will not altogether account for the immense superiority of the modern writers.

degreenounUS /dɪˈɡriː/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading The difference is a difference not in degree, but of kind.

differencenounUS /ˈdɪfərəns/

the quality of being unlike or dissimilar

From this reading The difference is a difference not in degree, but of kind.

eighteenthadjectiveUS /eɪˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the seventeenth in position

From this reading They were better understood in the seventeenth century than in the sixteenth, and in the eighteenth century than in the seventeenth.

experimentaladjectiveUS /ɪkˌsperɪˈmentəl/

relating to or based on experiment

From this reading It is not, indeed, strange that the Greeks and Romans should not have carried the science of government, or any other experimental science, so far as it has been carried in our time; for the experimental sciences are generally in a state of progression.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading In the philosophy of history, the moderns have very far surpassed the ancients.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It is not, indeed, strange that the Greeks and Romans should not have carried the science of government, or any other experimental science, so far as it has been carried in our time; for the experimental sciences are generally in a state of progression.

generallyadverbUS /ˈdʒenərəli/

usually; as a rule

From this reading It is not, indeed, strange that the Greeks and Romans should not have carried the science of government, or any other experimental science, so far as it has been carried in our time; for the experimental sciences are generally in a state of progression.

governmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading It is not, indeed, strange that the Greeks and Romans should not have carried the science of government, or any other experimental science, so far as it has been carried in our time; for the experimental sciences are generally in a state of progression.

GreeksnounUS /ɡriːks/

plural of “greek” — the Hellenic branch of the Indo-European family of languages

From this reading It is not, indeed, strange that the Greeks and Romans should not have carried the science of government, or any other experimental science, so far as it has been carried in our time; for the experimental sciences are generally in a state of progression.

growthnounUS /ɡroʊθ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading But this constant improvement, this natural growth of knowledge, will not altogether account for the immense superiority of the modern writers.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is not, indeed, strange that the Greeks and Romans should not have carried the science of government, or any other experimental science, so far as it has been carried in our time; for the experimental sciences are generally in a state of progression.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading In the philosophy of history, the moderns have very far surpassed the ancients.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading In the philosophy of history, the moderns have very far surpassed the ancients.

immenseadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈmens/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading But this constant improvement, this natural growth of knowledge, will not altogether account for the immense superiority of the modern writers.

improvementnounUS /ˌɪmˈpruːvmənt/

a change for the better; progress in development

From this reading But this constant improvement, this natural growth of knowledge, will not altogether account for the immense superiority of the modern writers.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the philosophy of history, the moderns have very far surpassed the ancients.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading It is not, indeed, strange that the Greeks and Romans should not have carried the science of government, or any other experimental science, so far as it has been carried in our time; for the experimental sciences are generally in a state of progression.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is not, indeed, strange that the Greeks and Romans should not have carried the science of government, or any other experimental science, so far as it has been carried in our time; for the experimental sciences are generally in a state of progression.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is not, indeed, strange that the Greeks and Romans should not have carried the science of government, or any other experimental science, so far as it has been carried in our time; for the experimental sciences are generally in a state of progression.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading The difference is a difference not in degree, but of kind.

knowledgenounUS /ˈnɑːlədʒ/

the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning

From this reading But this constant improvement, this natural growth of knowledge, will not altogether account for the immense superiority of the modern writers.

modernadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdərn/

belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages

From this reading But this constant improvement, this natural growth of knowledge, will not altogether account for the immense superiority of the modern writers.

modernsnounUS /ˈmɑːdərnz/

plural of “modern” — a contemporary person

From this reading In the philosophy of history, the moderns have very far surpassed the ancients.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading But this constant improvement, this natural growth of knowledge, will not altogether account for the immense superiority of the modern writers.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It is not, indeed, strange that the Greeks and Romans should not have carried the science of government, or any other experimental science, so far as it has been carried in our time; for the experimental sciences are generally in a state of progression.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In the philosophy of history, the moderns have very far surpassed the ancients.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading It is not, indeed, strange that the Greeks and Romans should not have carried the science of government, or any other experimental science, so far as it has been carried in our time; for the experimental sciences are generally in a state of progression.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading It is not, indeed, strange that the Greeks and Romans should not have carried the science of government, or any other experimental science, so far as it has been carried in our time; for the experimental sciences are generally in a state of progression.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading It is not, indeed, strange that the Greeks and Romans should not have carried the science of government, or any other experimental science, so far as it has been carried in our time; for the experimental sciences are generally in a state of progression.

philosophynounUS /fɪˈlɑː.sə.fi/

The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence. (Triết học, đạo lý nhân sinh.)

From this reading In the philosophy of history, the moderns have very far surpassed the ancients.

progressionnounUS /prəˈɡreʃən/

a series with a definite pattern of advance

From this reading It is not, indeed, strange that the Greeks and Romans should not have carried the science of government, or any other experimental science, so far as it has been carried in our time; for the experimental sciences are generally in a state of progression.

RomansnounUS /ˈroʊmənz/

a New Testament book containing an exposition of the doctrines of Saint Paul; written in AD 58

From this reading It is not, indeed, strange that the Greeks and Romans should not have carried the science of government, or any other experimental science, so far as it has been carried in our time; for the experimental sciences are generally in a state of progression.

sciencenounUS /ˈsaɪəns/

a particular branch of scientific knowledge

From this reading It is not, indeed, strange that the Greeks and Romans should not have carried the science of government, or any other experimental science, so far as it has been carried in our time; for the experimental sciences are generally in a state of progression.

sciencesnounUS /ˈsaɪənsəz/

plural of “science” — a particular branch of scientific knowledge

From this reading It is not, indeed, strange that the Greeks and Romans should not have carried the science of government, or any other experimental science, so far as it has been carried in our time; for the experimental sciences are generally in a state of progression.

seventeenthadjectiveUS /ˈsevənˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the sixteenth in position

From this reading They were better understood in the seventeenth century than in the sixteenth, and in the eighteenth century than in the seventeenth.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading It is not, indeed, strange that the Greeks and Romans should not have carried the science of government, or any other experimental science, so far as it has been carried in our time; for the experimental sciences are generally in a state of progression.

sixteenthadjectiveUS /sɪkˈstiːnθ/

coming next after the fifteenth in position

From this reading They were better understood in the seventeenth century than in the sixteenth, and in the eighteenth century than in the seventeenth.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading It is not, indeed, strange that the Greeks and Romans should not have carried the science of government, or any other experimental science, so far as it has been carried in our time; for the experimental sciences are generally in a state of progression.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading It is not, indeed, strange that the Greeks and Romans should not have carried the science of government, or any other experimental science, so far as it has been carried in our time; for the experimental sciences are generally in a state of progression.

strangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading It is not, indeed, strange that the Greeks and Romans should not have carried the science of government, or any other experimental science, so far as it has been carried in our time; for the experimental sciences are generally in a state of progression.

superioritynounUS /ˌsuːpɪriˈɔːrɪti/

the quality of being superior

From this reading But this constant improvement, this natural growth of knowledge, will not altogether account for the immense superiority of the modern writers.

surpassedverbUS /sərˈpæst/

past form of “surpass” — distinguish oneself

From this reading In the philosophy of history, the moderns have very far surpassed the ancients.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading They were better understood in the seventeenth century than in the sixteenth, and in the eighteenth century than in the seventeenth.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It is not, indeed, strange that the Greeks and Romans should not have carried the science of government, or any other experimental science, so far as it has been carried in our time; for the experimental sciences are generally in a state of progression.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In the philosophy of history, the moderns have very far surpassed the ancients.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They were better understood in the seventeenth century than in the sixteenth, and in the eighteenth century than in the seventeenth.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading But this constant improvement, this natural growth of knowledge, will not altogether account for the immense superiority of the modern writers.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading It is not, indeed, strange that the Greeks and Romans should not have carried the science of government, or any other experimental science, so far as it has been carried in our time; for the experimental sciences are generally in a state of progression.

understoodadjectiveUS /ˌʌndərˈstʊd/

fully apprehended as to purport or meaning or explanation

From this reading They were better understood in the seventeenth century than in the sixteenth, and in the eighteenth century than in the seventeenth.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading In the philosophy of history, the moderns have very far surpassed the ancients.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They were better understood in the seventeenth century than in the sixteenth, and in the eighteenth century than in the seventeenth.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading But this constant improvement, this natural growth of knowledge, will not altogether account for the immense superiority of the modern writers.

writersnounUS /ˈraɪtərz/

plural of “writer” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading But this constant improvement, this natural growth of knowledge, will not altogether account for the immense superiority of the modern writers.

Chapter 9 of Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2 by Thomas Babington Macaulay, Baron Macaulay holds 152 sentences, grouped into 31 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

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Chapter 9 holds 152 sentences of Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2, unabridged, divided into 31 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2 by Thomas Babington Macaulay, Baron Macaulay exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 152 sentences, grouped into 31 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2?

Work through the 31 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #2168, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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Vocabulary met early in Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2

Words and structures a reader meets early in Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Miscellaneous
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Writings
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Speeches
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Macaulay
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.