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Miss Minerva and William Green Hill
Miss Minerva and William Green Hill

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of Miss Minerva and William Green Hill is here in full — 47 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Miss Minerva and William Green Hill
Context Illustration Reading 1/9 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
PRETENDING REALITY The chain-gang had been working in the street not far from Miss Minerva's house, and Lina, Frances, Billy and Jimmy had hung on her front fence for an hour, watching them with eager interest.
The negroes were chained together in pairs, and guarded by two, big, burly white men.
Let's us play chain-gang,” suggested Jimmy.
Where we goin' to git a chain?” queried Billy; “'t won't be no fun 'thout a lock an' chain.”
I can get the lock and chain off 'm Sarah Jane's cabin.”
0:00 / 0:00
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Miss Minerva and William Green Hill

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of Miss Minerva and William Green Hill is here in full — 47 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/9 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
PRETENDING REALITY The chain-gang had been working in the street not far from Miss Minerva's house, and Lina, Frances, Billy and Jimmy had hung on her front fence for an hour, watching them with eager interest.
Line 2
The negroes were chained together in pairs, and guarded by two, big, burly white men.
/ðə ˈniːɡroʊz wɜːr tʃeɪnd təˈɡeðər ɪn perz ənd ˈɡɑːrdəd baɪ tuː bɪɡ ˈbɜːrli waɪt men/
Line 3
Let's us play chain-gang,” suggested Jimmy.
Line 4
Where we goin' to git a chain?” queried Billy; “'t won't be no fun 'thout a lock an' chain.”
Line 5
I can get the lock and chain off 'm Sarah Jane's cabin.”

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

burly adjective US /ˈbɜːrli/

muscular and heavily built

From this reading “The negroes were chained together in pairs, and guarded by two, big, burly white men.”

chained adjective US /tʃeɪnd/

bound with chains

From this reading “The negroes were chained together in pairs, and guarded by two, big, burly white men.”

Frances noun US /ˈfrænsɪs/

plural of “france” — a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading “PRETENDING REALITY The chain-gang had been working in the street not far from Miss Minerva's house, and Lina, Frances, Billy and Jimmy had hung on her front fence for an hour, watching them with eager interest.”

negroes noun US /ˈniːɡroʊz/

plural of “negro” — a person with African ancestry, "Negro" and "Negroid" are archaic and pejorative today

From this reading “The negroes were chained together in pairs, and guarded by two, big, burly white men.”

pairs noun US /perz/

plural of “pair” — a set of two similar things considered as a unit

From this reading “The negroes were chained together in pairs, and guarded by two, big, burly white men.”

pretending noun US /priˈtendɪŋ/

the act of giving a false appearance

From this reading “PRETENDING REALITY The chain-gang had been working in the street not far from Miss Minerva's house, and Lina, Frances, Billy and Jimmy had hung on her front fence for an hour, watching them with eager interest.”

queried verb US /ˈkwɪrid/

inflected form of “query” — pose a question

From this reading ““Where we goin' to git a chain?” queried Billy; “'t won't be no fun 'thout a lock an' chain.””

Sarah noun US /ˈserə/

(Old Testament) the wife of Abraham and mother of Isaac

From this reading ““I can get the lock and chain off 'm Sarah Jane's cabin.””

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading “Where we goin' to git a chain?” queried Billy; “'t won't be no fun 'thout a lock an' chain.”

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading PRETENDING REALITY The chain-gang had been working in the street not far from Miss Minerva's house, and Lina, Frances, Billy and Jimmy had hung on her front fence for an hour, watching them with eager interest.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading PRETENDING REALITY The chain-gang had been working in the street not far from Miss Minerva's house, and Lina, Frances, Billy and Jimmy had hung on her front fence for an hour, watching them with eager interest.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading “Where we goin' to git a chain?” queried Billy; “'t won't be no fun 'thout a lock an' chain.”

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading PRETENDING REALITY The chain-gang had been working in the street not far from Miss Minerva's house, and Lina, Frances, Billy and Jimmy had hung on her front fence for an hour, watching them with eager interest.

bigadjectiveUS /bɪɡ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The negroes were chained together in pairs, and guarded by two, big, burly white men.

BillynounUS /ˈbɪli/

a short stout club used primarily by policemen

From this reading PRETENDING REALITY The chain-gang had been working in the street not far from Miss Minerva's house, and Lina, Frances, Billy and Jimmy had hung on her front fence for an hour, watching them with eager interest.

burlyadjectiveUS /ˈbɜːrli/

muscular and heavily built

From this reading The negroes were chained together in pairs, and guarded by two, big, burly white men.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The negroes were chained together in pairs, and guarded by two, big, burly white men.

cabinnounUS /ˈkæbən/

small room on a ship or boat where people sleep

From this reading “I can get the lock and chain off 'm Sarah Jane's cabin.”

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading “I can get the lock and chain off 'm Sarah Jane's cabin.”

chainnounUS /tʃeɪn/

a series of things depending on each other as if linked together

From this reading “Where we goin' to git a chain?” queried Billy; “'t won't be no fun 'thout a lock an' chain.”

chain-gang

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PRETENDING REALITY The chain-gang had been working in the street not far from Miss Minerva's house, and Lina, Frances, Billy and Jimmy had hung on her front fence for an hour, watching them with eager interest.

chainedadjectiveUS /tʃeɪnd/

bound with chains

From this reading The negroes were chained together in pairs, and guarded by two, big, burly white men.

eageradjectiveUS /ˈiːɡər/

having or showing keen interest or intense desire or impatient expectancy

From this reading PRETENDING REALITY The chain-gang had been working in the street not far from Miss Minerva's house, and Lina, Frances, Billy and Jimmy had hung on her front fence for an hour, watching them with eager interest.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading PRETENDING REALITY The chain-gang had been working in the street not far from Miss Minerva's house, and Lina, Frances, Billy and Jimmy had hung on her front fence for an hour, watching them with eager interest.

fenceverbUS /fens/

enclose with a fence

From this reading PRETENDING REALITY The chain-gang had been working in the street not far from Miss Minerva's house, and Lina, Frances, Billy and Jimmy had hung on her front fence for an hour, watching them with eager interest.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading PRETENDING REALITY The chain-gang had been working in the street not far from Miss Minerva's house, and Lina, Frances, Billy and Jimmy had hung on her front fence for an hour, watching them with eager interest.

FrancesnounUS /ˈfrænsɪs/

plural of “france” — a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading PRETENDING REALITY The chain-gang had been working in the street not far from Miss Minerva's house, and Lina, Frances, Billy and Jimmy had hung on her front fence for an hour, watching them with eager interest.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading PRETENDING REALITY The chain-gang had been working in the street not far from Miss Minerva's house, and Lina, Frances, Billy and Jimmy had hung on her front fence for an hour, watching them with eager interest.

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading PRETENDING REALITY The chain-gang had been working in the street not far from Miss Minerva's house, and Lina, Frances, Billy and Jimmy had hung on her front fence for an hour, watching them with eager interest.

funnounUS /fʌn/

activities that are enjoyable or amusing

From this reading “Where we goin' to git a chain?” queried Billy; “'t won't be no fun 'thout a lock an' chain.”

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading “I can get the lock and chain off 'm Sarah Jane's cabin.”

gitnounUS /ɡɪt/

a person who is deemed to be despicable or contemptible

From this reading “Where we goin' to git a chain?” queried Billy; “'t won't be no fun 'thout a lock an' chain.”

goin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Where we goin' to git a chain?” queried Billy; “'t won't be no fun 'thout a lock an' chain.”

guardedadjectiveUS /ˈɡɑːrdəd/

prudent

From this reading The negroes were chained together in pairs, and guarded by two, big, burly white men.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading PRETENDING REALITY The chain-gang had been working in the street not far from Miss Minerva's house, and Lina, Frances, Billy and Jimmy had hung on her front fence for an hour, watching them with eager interest.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading PRETENDING REALITY The chain-gang had been working in the street not far from Miss Minerva's house, and Lina, Frances, Billy and Jimmy had hung on her front fence for an hour, watching them with eager interest.

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading PRETENDING REALITY The chain-gang had been working in the street not far from Miss Minerva's house, and Lina, Frances, Billy and Jimmy had hung on her front fence for an hour, watching them with eager interest.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading PRETENDING REALITY The chain-gang had been working in the street not far from Miss Minerva's house, and Lina, Frances, Billy and Jimmy had hung on her front fence for an hour, watching them with eager interest.

hungverbUS /hʌŋ/

inflected form of “hang” — be suspended or hanging

From this reading PRETENDING REALITY The chain-gang had been working in the street not far from Miss Minerva's house, and Lina, Frances, Billy and Jimmy had hung on her front fence for an hour, watching them with eager interest.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading “I can get the lock and chain off 'm Sarah Jane's cabin.”

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading PRETENDING REALITY The chain-gang had been working in the street not far from Miss Minerva's house, and Lina, Frances, Billy and Jimmy had hung on her front fence for an hour, watching them with eager interest.

interestnounUS /ˈɪntrəst/

a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading PRETENDING REALITY The chain-gang had been working in the street not far from Miss Minerva's house, and Lina, Frances, Billy and Jimmy had hung on her front fence for an hour, watching them with eager interest.

Jane's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “I can get the lock and chain off 'm Sarah Jane's cabin.”

JimmyverbUS /ˈdʒɪmi/

to move or force, especially in an effort to get something open

From this reading PRETENDING REALITY The chain-gang had been working in the street not far from Miss Minerva's house, and Lina, Frances, Billy and Jimmy had hung on her front fence for an hour, watching them with eager interest.

Let's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Let's us play chain-gang,” suggested Jimmy.

Lina

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PRETENDING REALITY The chain-gang had been working in the street not far from Miss Minerva's house, and Lina, Frances, Billy and Jimmy had hung on her front fence for an hour, watching them with eager interest.

lockverbUS /lɑːk/

fasten with a lock

From this reading “Where we goin' to git a chain?” queried Billy; “'t won't be no fun 'thout a lock an' chain.”

mnounUS /em/

the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)

From this reading “I can get the lock and chain off 'm Sarah Jane's cabin.”

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The negroes were chained together in pairs, and guarded by two, big, burly white men.

Minerva's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PRETENDING REALITY The chain-gang had been working in the street not far from Miss Minerva's house, and Lina, Frances, Billy and Jimmy had hung on her front fence for an hour, watching them with eager interest.

MissverbUS /mɪs/

fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind

From this reading PRETENDING REALITY The chain-gang had been working in the street not far from Miss Minerva's house, and Lina, Frances, Billy and Jimmy had hung on her front fence for an hour, watching them with eager interest.

negroesnounUS /ˈniːɡroʊz/

plural of “negro” — a person with African ancestry, "Negro" and "Negroid" are archaic and pejorative today

From this reading The negroes were chained together in pairs, and guarded by two, big, burly white men.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading “Where we goin' to git a chain?” queried Billy; “'t won't be no fun 'thout a lock an' chain.”

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading PRETENDING REALITY The chain-gang had been working in the street not far from Miss Minerva's house, and Lina, Frances, Billy and Jimmy had hung on her front fence for an hour, watching them with eager interest.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading “I can get the lock and chain off 'm Sarah Jane's cabin.”

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading PRETENDING REALITY The chain-gang had been working in the street not far from Miss Minerva's house, and Lina, Frances, Billy and Jimmy had hung on her front fence for an hour, watching them with eager interest.

pairsnounUS /perz/

plural of “pair” — a set of two similar things considered as a unit

From this reading The negroes were chained together in pairs, and guarded by two, big, burly white men.

playverbUS /pleɪ/

participate in games or sport

From this reading “Let's us play chain-gang,” suggested Jimmy.

PRETENDINGnounUS /priˈtendɪŋ/

the act of giving a false appearance

From this reading PRETENDING REALITY The chain-gang had been working in the street not far from Miss Minerva's house, and Lina, Frances, Billy and Jimmy had hung on her front fence for an hour, watching them with eager interest.

queriedverbUS /ˈkwɪrid/

inflected form of “query” — pose a question

From this reading “Where we goin' to git a chain?” queried Billy; “'t won't be no fun 'thout a lock an' chain.”

REALITYnounUS /ˌriːˈælətiː/

all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you

From this reading PRETENDING REALITY The chain-gang had been working in the street not far from Miss Minerva's house, and Lina, Frances, Billy and Jimmy had hung on her front fence for an hour, watching them with eager interest.

SarahnounUS /ˈserə/

(Old Testament) the wife of Abraham and mother of Isaac

From this reading “I can get the lock and chain off 'm Sarah Jane's cabin.”

streetnounUS /striːt/

a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading PRETENDING REALITY The chain-gang had been working in the street not far from Miss Minerva's house, and Lina, Frances, Billy and Jimmy had hung on her front fence for an hour, watching them with eager interest.

suggestedverbUS /səˈdʒestɪd/

past form of “suggest” — make a proposal, declare a plan for something

From this reading “Let's us play chain-gang,” suggested Jimmy.

tnounUS /tiː/

a base found in DNA (but not in RNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine

From this reading “Where we goin' to git a chain?” queried Billy; “'t won't be no fun 'thout a lock an' chain.”

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading PRETENDING REALITY The chain-gang had been working in the street not far from Miss Minerva's house, and Lina, Frances, Billy and Jimmy had hung on her front fence for an hour, watching them with eager interest.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading PRETENDING REALITY The chain-gang had been working in the street not far from Miss Minerva's house, and Lina, Frances, Billy and Jimmy had hung on her front fence for an hour, watching them with eager interest.

thout

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Where we goin' to git a chain?” queried Billy; “'t won't be no fun 'thout a lock an' chain.”

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading “Where we goin' to git a chain?” queried Billy; “'t won't be no fun 'thout a lock an' chain.”

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading The negroes were chained together in pairs, and guarded by two, big, burly white men.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The negroes were chained together in pairs, and guarded by two, big, burly white men.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading “Let's us play chain-gang,” suggested Jimmy.

watchingnounUS /ˈwɑːtʃɪŋ/

the act of observing; taking a patient look

From this reading PRETENDING REALITY The chain-gang had been working in the street not far from Miss Minerva's house, and Lina, Frances, Billy and Jimmy had hung on her front fence for an hour, watching them with eager interest.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading “Where we goin' to git a chain?” queried Billy; “'t won't be no fun 'thout a lock an' chain.”

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The negroes were chained together in pairs, and guarded by two, big, burly white men.

WhereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading “Where we goin' to git a chain?” queried Billy; “'t won't be no fun 'thout a lock an' chain.”

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading The negroes were chained together in pairs, and guarded by two, big, burly white men.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading PRETENDING REALITY The chain-gang had been working in the street not far from Miss Minerva's house, and Lina, Frances, Billy and Jimmy had hung on her front fence for an hour, watching them with eager interest.

won't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Where we goin' to git a chain?” queried Billy; “'t won't be no fun 'thout a lock an' chain.”

workingadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːrkɪŋ/

actively engaged in paid work

From this reading PRETENDING REALITY The chain-gang had been working in the street not far from Miss Minerva's house, and Lina, Frances, Billy and Jimmy had hung on her front fence for an hour, watching them with eager interest.

Chapter 20 of Miss Minerva and William Green Hill by Frances Boyd Calhoun holds 47 sentences, grouped into 10 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of Miss Minerva and William Green Hill contain?

Chapter 20 holds 47 sentences of Miss Minerva and William Green Hill, unabridged, divided into 10 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of Miss Minerva and William Green Hill by Frances Boyd Calhoun exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 47 sentences, grouped into 10 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of Miss Minerva and William Green Hill?

Work through the 10 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 10 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Miss Minerva and William Green Hill

Common questions about reading Miss Minerva and William Green Hill by Frances Boyd Calhoun on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 1951 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #5187 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Miss Minerva and William Green Hill is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #5187, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Miss Minerva and William Green Hill take to read?

About 162 minutes of reading across 391 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Miss Minerva and William Green Hill

Words and structures a reader meets early in Miss Minerva and William Green Hill, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Minutes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Miss Minerva and William Green Hill; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Later
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Miss Minerva and William Green Hill; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Minerva
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Miss Minerva and William Green Hill; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Rocking
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Miss Minerva and William Green Hill; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.