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Modern Eloquence — Vol II, After-Dinner Speeches E-O
Modern Eloquence — Vol II, After-Dinner Speeches E-O

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Modern Eloquence — Vol II, After-Dinner Speeches E-O is here in full — 383 sentences across 77 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Modern Eloquence — Vol II, After-Dinner Speeches E-O
Context Illustration Reading 1/76 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_Photo-engraving in colors after the original painting by George W. Maynard_ This picture is one of a series of eight panels representing "The Virtues"--Fortitude, Justice, Patriotism, Courage, Temperance, Prudence, Industry, and Concord.
The number of virtues to be represented was limited to the number of panels, so the selection was necessarily somewhat arbitrary.
Each figure is about five and a half feet high, clad in floating classic drapery, and represented to the spectator as appearing before him in the air, without a support or background other than the deep red of the wall.
"Justice" holds the globe in one hand, signifying the extent of her sway.
In the other hand she holds a naked sword upright, in token of the terribleness of her punishment.]
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Modern Eloquence — Vol II, After-Dinner Speeches E-O

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Modern Eloquence — Vol II, After-Dinner Speeches E-O is here in full — 383 sentences across 77 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/76 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_Photo-engraving in colors after the original painting by George W. Maynard_ This picture is one of a series of eight panels representing "The Virtues"--Fortitude, Justice, Patriotism, Courage, Temperance, Prudence, Industry, and Concord.
Line 2
The number of virtues to be represented was limited to the number of panels, so the selection was necessarily somewhat arbitrary.
/ðə ˈnʌmbər ʌv ˈvɜːrtʃuːz tuː biː ˌreprɪˈzentɪd wɑːz ˈlɪmətəd tuː ðə ˈnʌmbər ʌv ˈpænəlz soʊ ðə səˈlekʃən wɑːz ˌnesəˈserəli ˈsʌmˈwʌt ˈɑːrbətreri/
Line 3
Each figure is about five and a half feet high, clad in floating classic drapery, and represented to the spectator as appearing before him in the air, without a support or background other than the deep red of the wall.
/iːtʃ ˈfɪɡjər ɪz əˈbaʊt faɪv ənd ə hæf fiːt haɪ klæd ɪn ˈfloʊtɪŋ ˈklæsɪk ˈdreɪpəri ənd ˌreprɪˈzentɪd tuː ðə ˈspekteɪtər æz əˈpɪrɪŋ bɪˈfɔːr hɪm ɪn ðə er wɪˈθaʊt ə səˈpɔːrt ɔːr ˈbækɡraʊnd ˈʌðər ðæn ðə diːp red ʌv ðə wɔːl/
Line 4
"Justice" holds the globe in one hand, signifying the extent of her sway.
/ˈdʒʌstəs hoʊldz ðə ɡloʊb ɪn wʌn hænd ˈsɪɡnəfaɪɪŋ ðə ɪkˈstent ʌv hɜːr sweɪ/
Line 5
In the other hand she holds a naked sword upright, in token of the terribleness of her punishment.]

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

arbitrary adjective US /ˈɑːrbətreri/

based on or subject to individual discretion or preference or sometimes impulse or caprice

From this reading “The number of virtues to be represented was limited to the number of panels, so the selection was necessarily somewhat arbitrary.”

Concord noun US /ˈkɑːnkɔːrd/

capital of the state of New Hampshire; located in south central New Hampshire on the Merrimack river

From this reading “_Photo-engraving in colors after the original painting by George W. Maynard_ This picture is one of a series of eight panels representing "The Virtues"--Fortitude, Justice, Patriotism, Courage, Temperance, Prudence, Industry, and Concord.”

drapery noun US /ˈdreɪpəri/

hanging cloth used as a blind (especially for a window)

From this reading “Each figure is about five and a half feet high, clad in floating classic drapery, and represented to the spectator as appearing before him in the air, without a support or background other than the deep red of the wall.”

Fortitude noun US /ˈfɔːrtɪtuːd/

strength of mind that enables one to endure adversity with courage

From this reading “_Photo-engraving in colors after the original painting by George W. Maynard_ This picture is one of a series of eight panels representing "The Virtues"--Fortitude, Justice, Patriotism, Courage, Temperance, Prudence, Industry, and Concord.”

panels noun US /ˈpænəlz/

plural of “panel” — sheet that forms a distinct (usually flat and rectangular) section or component of something

From this reading “_Photo-engraving in colors after the original painting by George W. Maynard_ This picture is one of a series of eight panels representing "The Virtues"--Fortitude, Justice, Patriotism, Courage, Temperance, Prudence, Industry, and Concord.”

Patriotism noun US /ˈpeɪtriətɪzəm/

love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it

From this reading “_Photo-engraving in colors after the original painting by George W. Maynard_ This picture is one of a series of eight panels representing "The Virtues"--Fortitude, Justice, Patriotism, Courage, Temperance, Prudence, Industry, and Concord.”

signifying verb US /ˈsɪɡnəfaɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “signify” — denote or connote

From this reading “"Justice" holds the globe in one hand, signifying the extent of her sway.”

Temperance noun US /ˈtempərəns/

the trait of avoiding excesses

From this reading “_Photo-engraving in colors after the original painting by George W. Maynard_ This picture is one of a series of eight panels representing "The Virtues"--Fortitude, Justice, Patriotism, Courage, Temperance, Prudence, Industry, and Concord.”

All words in this reading · 82

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _Photo-engraving in colors after the original painting by George W. Maynard_ This picture is one of a series of eight panels representing "The Virtues"--Fortitude, Justice, Patriotism, Courage, Temperance, Prudence, Industry, and Concord.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Each figure is about five and a half feet high, clad in floating classic drapery, and represented to the spectator as appearing before him in the air, without a support or background other than the deep red of the wall.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading _Photo-engraving in colors after the original painting by George W. Maynard_ This picture is one of a series of eight panels representing "The Virtues"--Fortitude, Justice, Patriotism, Courage, Temperance, Prudence, Industry, and Concord.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading Each figure is about five and a half feet high, clad in floating classic drapery, and represented to the spectator as appearing before him in the air, without a support or background other than the deep red of the wall.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _Photo-engraving in colors after the original painting by George W. Maynard_ This picture is one of a series of eight panels representing "The Virtues"--Fortitude, Justice, Patriotism, Courage, Temperance, Prudence, Industry, and Concord.

appearingnounUS /əˈpɪrɪŋ/

formal attendance (in court or at a hearing) of a party in an action

From this reading Each figure is about five and a half feet high, clad in floating classic drapery, and represented to the spectator as appearing before him in the air, without a support or background other than the deep red of the wall.

arbitraryadjectiveUS /ˈɑːrbətreri/

based on or subject to individual discretion or preference or sometimes impulse or caprice

From this reading The number of virtues to be represented was limited to the number of panels, so the selection was necessarily somewhat arbitrary.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Each figure is about five and a half feet high, clad in floating classic drapery, and represented to the spectator as appearing before him in the air, without a support or background other than the deep red of the wall.

backgroundnounUS /ˈbækɡraʊnd/

a person's social heritage: previous experience or training

From this reading Each figure is about five and a half feet high, clad in floating classic drapery, and represented to the spectator as appearing before him in the air, without a support or background other than the deep red of the wall.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The number of virtues to be represented was limited to the number of panels, so the selection was necessarily somewhat arbitrary.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Each figure is about five and a half feet high, clad in floating classic drapery, and represented to the spectator as appearing before him in the air, without a support or background other than the deep red of the wall.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading _Photo-engraving in colors after the original painting by George W. Maynard_ This picture is one of a series of eight panels representing "The Virtues"--Fortitude, Justice, Patriotism, Courage, Temperance, Prudence, Industry, and Concord.

cladadjectiveUS /klæd/

wearing or provided with clothing; sometimes used in combination

From this reading Each figure is about five and a half feet high, clad in floating classic drapery, and represented to the spectator as appearing before him in the air, without a support or background other than the deep red of the wall.

classicnounUS /ˈklæsɪk/

a creation of the highest excellence

From this reading Each figure is about five and a half feet high, clad in floating classic drapery, and represented to the spectator as appearing before him in the air, without a support or background other than the deep red of the wall.

colorsnounUS /ˈkʌlərz/

a flag that shows its nationality

From this reading _Photo-engraving in colors after the original painting by George W. Maynard_ This picture is one of a series of eight panels representing "The Virtues"--Fortitude, Justice, Patriotism, Courage, Temperance, Prudence, Industry, and Concord.

ConcordnounUS /ˈkɑːnkɔːrd/

capital of the state of New Hampshire; located in south central New Hampshire on the Merrimack river

From this reading _Photo-engraving in colors after the original painting by George W. Maynard_ This picture is one of a series of eight panels representing "The Virtues"--Fortitude, Justice, Patriotism, Courage, Temperance, Prudence, Industry, and Concord.

CouragenounUS /ˈkɜːrədʒ/

a quality of spirit that enables you to face danger or pain without showing fear

From this reading _Photo-engraving in colors after the original painting by George W. Maynard_ This picture is one of a series of eight panels representing "The Virtues"--Fortitude, Justice, Patriotism, Courage, Temperance, Prudence, Industry, and Concord.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading Each figure is about five and a half feet high, clad in floating classic drapery, and represented to the spectator as appearing before him in the air, without a support or background other than the deep red of the wall.

draperynounUS /ˈdreɪpəri/

hanging cloth used as a blind (especially for a window)

From this reading Each figure is about five and a half feet high, clad in floating classic drapery, and represented to the spectator as appearing before him in the air, without a support or background other than the deep red of the wall.

EachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading Each figure is about five and a half feet high, clad in floating classic drapery, and represented to the spectator as appearing before him in the air, without a support or background other than the deep red of the wall.

eightadjectiveUS /eɪt/

being one more than seven

From this reading _Photo-engraving in colors after the original painting by George W. Maynard_ This picture is one of a series of eight panels representing "The Virtues"--Fortitude, Justice, Patriotism, Courage, Temperance, Prudence, Industry, and Concord.

extentnounUS /ɪkˈstent/

the point or degree to which something extends

From this reading "Justice" holds the globe in one hand, signifying the extent of her sway.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading Each figure is about five and a half feet high, clad in floating classic drapery, and represented to the spectator as appearing before him in the air, without a support or background other than the deep red of the wall.

figurenounUS /ˈfɪɡjər/

a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading Each figure is about five and a half feet high, clad in floating classic drapery, and represented to the spectator as appearing before him in the air, without a support or background other than the deep red of the wall.

fivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading Each figure is about five and a half feet high, clad in floating classic drapery, and represented to the spectator as appearing before him in the air, without a support or background other than the deep red of the wall.

floatingadjectiveUS /ˈfloʊtɪŋ/

borne up by or suspended in a liquid

From this reading Each figure is about five and a half feet high, clad in floating classic drapery, and represented to the spectator as appearing before him in the air, without a support or background other than the deep red of the wall.

FortitudenounUS /ˈfɔːrtɪtuːd/

strength of mind that enables one to endure adversity with courage

From this reading _Photo-engraving in colors after the original painting by George W. Maynard_ This picture is one of a series of eight panels representing "The Virtues"--Fortitude, Justice, Patriotism, Courage, Temperance, Prudence, Industry, and Concord.

GeorgenounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading _Photo-engraving in colors after the original painting by George W. Maynard_ This picture is one of a series of eight panels representing "The Virtues"--Fortitude, Justice, Patriotism, Courage, Temperance, Prudence, Industry, and Concord.

globenounUS /ɡloʊb/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading "Justice" holds the globe in one hand, signifying the extent of her sway.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading Each figure is about five and a half feet high, clad in floating classic drapery, and represented to the spectator as appearing before him in the air, without a support or background other than the deep red of the wall.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading "Justice" holds the globe in one hand, signifying the extent of her sway.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading "Justice" holds the globe in one hand, signifying the extent of her sway.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Each figure is about five and a half feet high, clad in floating classic drapery, and represented to the spectator as appearing before him in the air, without a support or background other than the deep red of the wall.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Each figure is about five and a half feet high, clad in floating classic drapery, and represented to the spectator as appearing before him in the air, without a support or background other than the deep red of the wall.

holdsnounUS /hoʊldz/

plural of “hold” — the act of grasping

From this reading "Justice" holds the globe in one hand, signifying the extent of her sway.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading _Photo-engraving in colors after the original painting by George W. Maynard_ This picture is one of a series of eight panels representing "The Virtues"--Fortitude, Justice, Patriotism, Courage, Temperance, Prudence, Industry, and Concord.

IndustrynounUS /ˈɪndəstri/

the people or companies engaged in a particular kind of commercial enterprise

From this reading _Photo-engraving in colors after the original painting by George W. Maynard_ This picture is one of a series of eight panels representing "The Virtues"--Fortitude, Justice, Patriotism, Courage, Temperance, Prudence, Industry, and Concord.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _Photo-engraving in colors after the original painting by George W. Maynard_ This picture is one of a series of eight panels representing "The Virtues"--Fortitude, Justice, Patriotism, Courage, Temperance, Prudence, Industry, and Concord.

JusticenounUS /ˈdʒʌstəs/

the quality of being just or fair

From this reading _Photo-engraving in colors after the original painting by George W. Maynard_ This picture is one of a series of eight panels representing "The Virtues"--Fortitude, Justice, Patriotism, Courage, Temperance, Prudence, Industry, and Concord.

limitedadjectiveUS /ˈlɪmətəd/

small in range or scope

From this reading The number of virtues to be represented was limited to the number of panels, so the selection was necessarily somewhat arbitrary.

Maynard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Photo-engraving in colors after the original painting by George W. Maynard_ This picture is one of a series of eight panels representing "The Virtues"--Fortitude, Justice, Patriotism, Courage, Temperance, Prudence, Industry, and Concord.

nakedadjectiveUS /ˈneɪkəd/

completely unclothed

From this reading In the other hand she holds a naked sword upright, in token of the terribleness of her punishment.]

necessarilyadverbUS /ˌnesəˈserəli/

in an essential manner

From this reading The number of virtues to be represented was limited to the number of panels, so the selection was necessarily somewhat arbitrary.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading The number of virtues to be represented was limited to the number of panels, so the selection was necessarily somewhat arbitrary.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _Photo-engraving in colors after the original painting by George W. Maynard_ This picture is one of a series of eight panels representing "The Virtues"--Fortitude, Justice, Patriotism, Courage, Temperance, Prudence, Industry, and Concord.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading _Photo-engraving in colors after the original painting by George W. Maynard_ This picture is one of a series of eight panels representing "The Virtues"--Fortitude, Justice, Patriotism, Courage, Temperance, Prudence, Industry, and Concord.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Each figure is about five and a half feet high, clad in floating classic drapery, and represented to the spectator as appearing before him in the air, without a support or background other than the deep red of the wall.

originaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading _Photo-engraving in colors after the original painting by George W. Maynard_ This picture is one of a series of eight panels representing "The Virtues"--Fortitude, Justice, Patriotism, Courage, Temperance, Prudence, Industry, and Concord.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Each figure is about five and a half feet high, clad in floating classic drapery, and represented to the spectator as appearing before him in the air, without a support or background other than the deep red of the wall.

paintingnounUS /ˈpeɪntɪŋ/

graphic art consisting of an artistic composition made by applying paints to a surface

From this reading _Photo-engraving in colors after the original painting by George W. Maynard_ This picture is one of a series of eight panels representing "The Virtues"--Fortitude, Justice, Patriotism, Courage, Temperance, Prudence, Industry, and Concord.

panelsnounUS /ˈpænəlz/

plural of “panel” — sheet that forms a distinct (usually flat and rectangular) section or component of something

From this reading _Photo-engraving in colors after the original painting by George W. Maynard_ This picture is one of a series of eight panels representing "The Virtues"--Fortitude, Justice, Patriotism, Courage, Temperance, Prudence, Industry, and Concord.

PatriotismnounUS /ˈpeɪtriətɪzəm/

love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it

From this reading _Photo-engraving in colors after the original painting by George W. Maynard_ This picture is one of a series of eight panels representing "The Virtues"--Fortitude, Justice, Patriotism, Courage, Temperance, Prudence, Industry, and Concord.

Photo-engraving

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Photo-engraving in colors after the original painting by George W. Maynard_ This picture is one of a series of eight panels representing "The Virtues"--Fortitude, Justice, Patriotism, Courage, Temperance, Prudence, Industry, and Concord.

picturenounUS /ˈpɪktʃər/

a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface

From this reading _Photo-engraving in colors after the original painting by George W. Maynard_ This picture is one of a series of eight panels representing "The Virtues"--Fortitude, Justice, Patriotism, Courage, Temperance, Prudence, Industry, and Concord.

PrudencenounUS /ˈpruːdəns/

discretion in practical affairs

From this reading _Photo-engraving in colors after the original painting by George W. Maynard_ This picture is one of a series of eight panels representing "The Virtues"--Fortitude, Justice, Patriotism, Courage, Temperance, Prudence, Industry, and Concord.

punishmentnounUS /ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/

the act of punishing

From this reading In the other hand she holds a naked sword upright, in token of the terribleness of her punishment.]

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading Each figure is about five and a half feet high, clad in floating classic drapery, and represented to the spectator as appearing before him in the air, without a support or background other than the deep red of the wall.

representedadjectiveUS /ˌreprɪˈzentɪd/

represented accurately or precisely

From this reading The number of virtues to be represented was limited to the number of panels, so the selection was necessarily somewhat arbitrary.

representingverbUS /ˌreprɪˈzentɪŋ/

-ing form of “represent” — take the place of or be parallel or equivalent to

From this reading _Photo-engraving in colors after the original painting by George W. Maynard_ This picture is one of a series of eight panels representing "The Virtues"--Fortitude, Justice, Patriotism, Courage, Temperance, Prudence, Industry, and Concord.

selectionnounUS /səˈlekʃən/

the act of choosing or selecting

From this reading The number of virtues to be represented was limited to the number of panels, so the selection was necessarily somewhat arbitrary.

seriesnounUS /ˈsɪriz/

similar things placed in order or happening one after another

From this reading _Photo-engraving in colors after the original painting by George W. Maynard_ This picture is one of a series of eight panels representing "The Virtues"--Fortitude, Justice, Patriotism, Courage, Temperance, Prudence, Industry, and Concord.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In the other hand she holds a naked sword upright, in token of the terribleness of her punishment.]

signifyingverbUS /ˈsɪɡnəfaɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “signify” — denote or connote

From this reading "Justice" holds the globe in one hand, signifying the extent of her sway.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The number of virtues to be represented was limited to the number of panels, so the selection was necessarily somewhat arbitrary.

somewhatadverbUS /ˈsʌmˈwʌt/

to a small degree or extent

From this reading The number of virtues to be represented was limited to the number of panels, so the selection was necessarily somewhat arbitrary.

spectatornounUS /ˈspekteɪtər/

a close observer; someone who looks at something (such as an exhibition of some kind)

From this reading Each figure is about five and a half feet high, clad in floating classic drapery, and represented to the spectator as appearing before him in the air, without a support or background other than the deep red of the wall.

supportnounUS /səˈpɔːrt/

the activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessities

From this reading Each figure is about five and a half feet high, clad in floating classic drapery, and represented to the spectator as appearing before him in the air, without a support or background other than the deep red of the wall.

swayverbUS /sweɪ/

move back and forth or sideways

From this reading "Justice" holds the globe in one hand, signifying the extent of her sway.

swordnounUS /sɔːrd/

a cutting or thrusting weapon that has a long metal blade and a hilt with a hand guard

From this reading In the other hand she holds a naked sword upright, in token of the terribleness of her punishment.]

TemperancenounUS /ˈtempərəns/

the trait of avoiding excesses

From this reading _Photo-engraving in colors after the original painting by George W. Maynard_ This picture is one of a series of eight panels representing "The Virtues"--Fortitude, Justice, Patriotism, Courage, Temperance, Prudence, Industry, and Concord.

terriblenessnoun

a quality of extreme unpleasantness

From this reading In the other hand she holds a naked sword upright, in token of the terribleness of her punishment.]

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Each figure is about five and a half feet high, clad in floating classic drapery, and represented to the spectator as appearing before him in the air, without a support or background other than the deep red of the wall.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _Photo-engraving in colors after the original painting by George W. Maynard_ This picture is one of a series of eight panels representing "The Virtues"--Fortitude, Justice, Patriotism, Courage, Temperance, Prudence, Industry, and Concord.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading _Photo-engraving in colors after the original painting by George W. Maynard_ This picture is one of a series of eight panels representing "The Virtues"--Fortitude, Justice, Patriotism, Courage, Temperance, Prudence, Industry, and Concord.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The number of virtues to be represented was limited to the number of panels, so the selection was necessarily somewhat arbitrary.

tokennounUS /ˈtoʊkən/

an individual instance of a type of symbol

From this reading In the other hand she holds a naked sword upright, in token of the terribleness of her punishment.]

uprightadjectiveUS /əˈpraɪt/

in a vertical position; not sloping

From this reading In the other hand she holds a naked sword upright, in token of the terribleness of her punishment.]

VirtuesnounUS /ˈvɜːrtʃuːz/

plural of “virtue” — the quality of doing what is right and avoiding what is wrong

From this reading _Photo-engraving in colors after the original painting by George W. Maynard_ This picture is one of a series of eight panels representing "The Virtues"--Fortitude, Justice, Patriotism, Courage, Temperance, Prudence, Industry, and Concord.

WnounUS /ˈdʌbəljuː/

a heavy grey-white metallic element; the pure form is used mainly in electrical applications; it is found in several ores including wolframite and scheelite

From this reading _Photo-engraving in colors after the original painting by George W. Maynard_ This picture is one of a series of eight panels representing "The Virtues"--Fortitude, Justice, Patriotism, Courage, Temperance, Prudence, Industry, and Concord.

wallnounUS /wɔːl/

an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading Each figure is about five and a half feet high, clad in floating classic drapery, and represented to the spectator as appearing before him in the air, without a support or background other than the deep red of the wall.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The number of virtues to be represented was limited to the number of panels, so the selection was necessarily somewhat arbitrary.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Each figure is about five and a half feet high, clad in floating classic drapery, and represented to the spectator as appearing before him in the air, without a support or background other than the deep red of the wall.

Chapter 1 of Modern Eloquence — Vol II, After-Dinner Speeches E-O by Thomas B. (Thomas Brackett) [Editor] Reed holds 383 sentences, grouped into 77 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Modern Eloquence — Vol II, After-Dinner Speeches E-O contain?

Chapter 1 holds 383 sentences of Modern Eloquence — Vol II, After-Dinner Speeches E-O, unabridged, divided into 77 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Modern Eloquence — Vol II, After-Dinner Speeches E-O by Thomas B. (Thomas Brackett) [Editor] Reed exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 383 sentences, grouped into 77 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Modern Eloquence — Vol II, After-Dinner Speeches E-O?

Work through the 77 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 77 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Modern Eloquence — Vol II, After-Dinner Speeches E-O

Common questions about reading Modern Eloquence — Vol II, After-Dinner Speeches E-O by Thomas B. (Thomas Brackett) [Editor] Reed on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Modern Eloquence — Vol II, After-Dinner Speeches E-O?

Yes. All 5593 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #18823 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Modern Eloquence — Vol II, After-Dinner Speeches E-O is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #18823, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Modern Eloquence — Vol II, After-Dinner Speeches E-O take to read?

About 466 minutes of reading across 1119 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Modern Eloquence — Vol II, After-Dinner Speeches E-O section by section

How to work through Modern Eloquence — Vol II, After-Dinner Speeches E-O section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Modern Eloquence — Vol II, After-Dinner Speeches E-O

Words and structures a reader meets early in Modern Eloquence — Vol II, After-Dinner Speeches E-O, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Photo-engraving
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Modern Eloquence — Vol II, After-Dinner Speeches E-O; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Colors
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Modern Eloquence — Vol II, After-Dinner Speeches E-O; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Original
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Modern Eloquence — Vol II, After-Dinner Speeches E-O; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Painting
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Modern Eloquence — Vol II, After-Dinner Speeches E-O; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.