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Modeste Mignon
Modeste Mignon

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Modeste Mignon is here in full — 143 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/28 · 5 lines
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Such was the result to the celebrated house of Mignon at Havre of the crisis of 1825-26, which convulsed many of the principal business centres in Europe and caused the ruin of several Parisian bankers, among them (as those who remember that crisis will recall) the president of the chamber of commerce.
We can now understand how this great disaster, coming suddenly at the close of ten years of domestic happiness, might well have been the death of Bettina Mignon, again separated from her husband and ignorant of his fate,--to her as adventurous and perilous as the exile to Siberia.
But the grief which was dragging her to the grave was far other than these visible sorrows.
The caustic that was slowly eating into her heart lay beneath a stone in the little graveyard of Ingouville, on which was inscribed:-- BETTINA CAROLINE MIGNON Died aged twenty-two.
Pray for her.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Modeste Mignon

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Modeste Mignon is here in full — 143 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/28 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Such was the result to the celebrated house of Mignon at Havre of the crisis of 1825-26, which convulsed many of the principal business centres in Europe and caused the ruin of several Parisian bankers, among them (as those who remember that crisis will recall) the president of the chamber of commerce.
Line 2
We can now understand how this great disaster, coming suddenly at the close of ten years of domestic happiness, might well have been the death of Bettina Mignon, again separated from her husband and ignorant of his fate,--to her as adventurous and perilous as the exile to Siberia.
Line 3
But the grief which was dragging her to the grave was far other than these visible sorrows.
/bʌt ðə ɡriːf wɪtʃ wɑːz ˈdræɡɪŋ hɜːr tuː ðə ɡreɪv wɑːz fɑːr ˈʌðər ðæn ðiːz ˈvɪzəbəl ˈsɑːroʊz/
Line 4
The caustic that was slowly eating into her heart lay beneath a stone in the little graveyard of Ingouville, on which was inscribed:-- BETTINA CAROLINE MIGNON Died aged twenty-two.
Line 5
Pray for her.
/preɪ fɔːr hɜːr/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adventurous adjective US /ædˈventʃərəs/

willing to undertake or seeking out new and daring enterprises

From this reading “We can now understand how this great disaster, coming suddenly at the close of ten years of domestic happiness, might well have been the death of Bettina Mignon, again separated from her husband and ignorant of his fate,--to her as adventurous and perilous as the exile to Siberia.”

bankers noun US /ˈbæŋkərz/

plural of “banker” — a financier who owns or is an executive in a bank

From this reading “Such was the result to the celebrated house of Mignon at Havre of the crisis of 1825-26, which convulsed many of the principal business centres in Europe and caused the ruin of several Parisian bankers, among them (as those who remember that crisis will recall) the president of the chamber of commerce.”

caustic adjective US /ˈkɑːstɪk/

harsh or corrosive in tone

From this reading “The caustic that was slowly eating into her heart lay beneath a stone in the little graveyard of Ingouville, on which was inscribed:-- BETTINA CAROLINE MIGNON Died aged twenty-two.”

centres noun US /ˈsentərz/

plural of “centre” — a low-lying region in central France

From this reading “Such was the result to the celebrated house of Mignon at Havre of the crisis of 1825-26, which convulsed many of the principal business centres in Europe and caused the ruin of several Parisian bankers, among them (as those who remember that crisis will recall) the president of the chamber of commerce.”

graveyard noun US /ˈɡreɪvjɑːrd/

a tract of land used for burials

From this reading “The caustic that was slowly eating into her heart lay beneath a stone in the little graveyard of Ingouville, on which was inscribed:-- BETTINA CAROLINE MIGNON Died aged twenty-two.”

inscribed adjective US /ˌɪnˈskraɪbd/

written (by handwriting, printing, engraving, or carving) on or in a surface

From this reading “The caustic that was slowly eating into her heart lay beneath a stone in the little graveyard of Ingouville, on which was inscribed:-- BETTINA CAROLINE MIGNON Died aged twenty-two.”

Siberia noun US /saɪˈbɪriə/

a vast Asian region of Russia; famous for long cold winters

From this reading “We can now understand how this great disaster, coming suddenly at the close of ten years of domestic happiness, might well have been the death of Bettina Mignon, again separated from her husband and ignorant of his fate,--to her as adventurous and perilous as the exile to Siberia.”

twenty-two noun US /ˈtwentituː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of twenty-one and one

From this reading “The caustic that was slowly eating into her heart lay beneath a stone in the little graveyard of Ingouville, on which was inscribed:-- BETTINA CAROLINE MIGNON Died aged twenty-two.”

All words in this reading · 103

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1825

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Such was the result to the celebrated house of Mignon at Havre of the crisis of 1825-26, which convulsed many of the principal business centres in Europe and caused the ruin of several Parisian bankers, among them (as those who remember that crisis will recall) the president of the chamber of commerce.

26

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Such was the result to the celebrated house of Mignon at Havre of the crisis of 1825-26, which convulsed many of the principal business centres in Europe and caused the ruin of several Parisian bankers, among them (as those who remember that crisis will recall) the president of the chamber of commerce.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The caustic that was slowly eating into her heart lay beneath a stone in the little graveyard of Ingouville, on which was inscribed:-- BETTINA CAROLINE MIGNON Died aged twenty-two.

adventurousadjectiveUS /ædˈventʃərəs/

willing to undertake or seeking out new and daring enterprises

From this reading We can now understand how this great disaster, coming suddenly at the close of ten years of domestic happiness, might well have been the death of Bettina Mignon, again separated from her husband and ignorant of his fate,--to her as adventurous and perilous as the exile to Siberia.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading We can now understand how this great disaster, coming suddenly at the close of ten years of domestic happiness, might well have been the death of Bettina Mignon, again separated from her husband and ignorant of his fate,--to her as adventurous and perilous as the exile to Siberia.

agedadjectiveUS /eɪdʒd/

advanced in years; (“aged” is pronounced as two syllables)

From this reading The caustic that was slowly eating into her heart lay beneath a stone in the little graveyard of Ingouville, on which was inscribed:-- BETTINA CAROLINE MIGNON Died aged twenty-two.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Such was the result to the celebrated house of Mignon at Havre of the crisis of 1825-26, which convulsed many of the principal business centres in Europe and caused the ruin of several Parisian bankers, among them (as those who remember that crisis will recall) the president of the chamber of commerce.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Such was the result to the celebrated house of Mignon at Havre of the crisis of 1825-26, which convulsed many of the principal business centres in Europe and caused the ruin of several Parisian bankers, among them (as those who remember that crisis will recall) the president of the chamber of commerce.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Such was the result to the celebrated house of Mignon at Havre of the crisis of 1825-26, which convulsed many of the principal business centres in Europe and caused the ruin of several Parisian bankers, among them (as those who remember that crisis will recall) the president of the chamber of commerce.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Such was the result to the celebrated house of Mignon at Havre of the crisis of 1825-26, which convulsed many of the principal business centres in Europe and caused the ruin of several Parisian bankers, among them (as those who remember that crisis will recall) the president of the chamber of commerce.

bankersnounUS /ˈbæŋkərz/

plural of “banker” — a financier who owns or is an executive in a bank

From this reading Such was the result to the celebrated house of Mignon at Havre of the crisis of 1825-26, which convulsed many of the principal business centres in Europe and caused the ruin of several Parisian bankers, among them (as those who remember that crisis will recall) the president of the chamber of commerce.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading We can now understand how this great disaster, coming suddenly at the close of ten years of domestic happiness, might well have been the death of Bettina Mignon, again separated from her husband and ignorant of his fate,--to her as adventurous and perilous as the exile to Siberia.

beneathprepositionUS /bɪˈniːθ/

Directly under; in or to a lower position than.

From this reading The caustic that was slowly eating into her heart lay beneath a stone in the little graveyard of Ingouville, on which was inscribed:-- BETTINA CAROLINE MIGNON Died aged twenty-two.

Bettina

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We can now understand how this great disaster, coming suddenly at the close of ten years of domestic happiness, might well have been the death of Bettina Mignon, again separated from her husband and ignorant of his fate,--to her as adventurous and perilous as the exile to Siberia.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading Such was the result to the celebrated house of Mignon at Havre of the crisis of 1825-26, which convulsed many of the principal business centres in Europe and caused the ruin of several Parisian bankers, among them (as those who remember that crisis will recall) the president of the chamber of commerce.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But the grief which was dragging her to the grave was far other than these visible sorrows.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading We can now understand how this great disaster, coming suddenly at the close of ten years of domestic happiness, might well have been the death of Bettina Mignon, again separated from her husband and ignorant of his fate,--to her as adventurous and perilous as the exile to Siberia.

CAROLINEadjectiveUS /ˈkerəlaɪn/

of or relating to the life and times of kings Charles I or Charles II of England

From this reading The caustic that was slowly eating into her heart lay beneath a stone in the little graveyard of Ingouville, on which was inscribed:-- BETTINA CAROLINE MIGNON Died aged twenty-two.

causedverbUS /kɑːzd/

past form of “cause” — give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally

From this reading Such was the result to the celebrated house of Mignon at Havre of the crisis of 1825-26, which convulsed many of the principal business centres in Europe and caused the ruin of several Parisian bankers, among them (as those who remember that crisis will recall) the president of the chamber of commerce.

causticadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːstɪk/

harsh or corrosive in tone

From this reading The caustic that was slowly eating into her heart lay beneath a stone in the little graveyard of Ingouville, on which was inscribed:-- BETTINA CAROLINE MIGNON Died aged twenty-two.

celebratedadjectiveUS /ˈseləbreɪtɪd/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading Such was the result to the celebrated house of Mignon at Havre of the crisis of 1825-26, which convulsed many of the principal business centres in Europe and caused the ruin of several Parisian bankers, among them (as those who remember that crisis will recall) the president of the chamber of commerce.

centresnounUS /ˈsentərz/

plural of “centre” — a low-lying region in central France

From this reading Such was the result to the celebrated house of Mignon at Havre of the crisis of 1825-26, which convulsed many of the principal business centres in Europe and caused the ruin of several Parisian bankers, among them (as those who remember that crisis will recall) the president of the chamber of commerce.

chambernounUS /ˈtʃeɪmbər/

a natural or artificial enclosed space

From this reading Such was the result to the celebrated house of Mignon at Havre of the crisis of 1825-26, which convulsed many of the principal business centres in Europe and caused the ruin of several Parisian bankers, among them (as those who remember that crisis will recall) the president of the chamber of commerce.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading We can now understand how this great disaster, coming suddenly at the close of ten years of domestic happiness, might well have been the death of Bettina Mignon, again separated from her husband and ignorant of his fate,--to her as adventurous and perilous as the exile to Siberia.

comingnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading We can now understand how this great disaster, coming suddenly at the close of ten years of domestic happiness, might well have been the death of Bettina Mignon, again separated from her husband and ignorant of his fate,--to her as adventurous and perilous as the exile to Siberia.

commercenounUS /ˈkɑːmərs/

transactions (sales and purchases) having the objective of supplying commodities (goods and services)

From this reading Such was the result to the celebrated house of Mignon at Havre of the crisis of 1825-26, which convulsed many of the principal business centres in Europe and caused the ruin of several Parisian bankers, among them (as those who remember that crisis will recall) the president of the chamber of commerce.

convulsed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Such was the result to the celebrated house of Mignon at Havre of the crisis of 1825-26, which convulsed many of the principal business centres in Europe and caused the ruin of several Parisian bankers, among them (as those who remember that crisis will recall) the president of the chamber of commerce.

crisisnounUS /ˈkraɪsəs/

an unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty

From this reading Such was the result to the celebrated house of Mignon at Havre of the crisis of 1825-26, which convulsed many of the principal business centres in Europe and caused the ruin of several Parisian bankers, among them (as those who remember that crisis will recall) the president of the chamber of commerce.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading We can now understand how this great disaster, coming suddenly at the close of ten years of domestic happiness, might well have been the death of Bettina Mignon, again separated from her husband and ignorant of his fate,--to her as adventurous and perilous as the exile to Siberia.

DiedverbUS /daɪd/

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading The caustic that was slowly eating into her heart lay beneath a stone in the little graveyard of Ingouville, on which was inscribed:-- BETTINA CAROLINE MIGNON Died aged twenty-two.

disasternounUS /dɪˈzæstər/

a state of extreme (usually irremediable) ruin and misfortune

From this reading We can now understand how this great disaster, coming suddenly at the close of ten years of domestic happiness, might well have been the death of Bettina Mignon, again separated from her husband and ignorant of his fate,--to her as adventurous and perilous as the exile to Siberia.

domesticadjectiveUS /dəˈmestɪk/

of concern to or concerning the internal affairs of a nation

From this reading We can now understand how this great disaster, coming suddenly at the close of ten years of domestic happiness, might well have been the death of Bettina Mignon, again separated from her husband and ignorant of his fate,--to her as adventurous and perilous as the exile to Siberia.

draggingadjectiveUS /ˈdræɡɪŋ/

marked by a painfully slow and effortful manner

From this reading But the grief which was dragging her to the grave was far other than these visible sorrows.

eatingnounUS /ˈiːtɪŋ/

the act of consuming food

From this reading The caustic that was slowly eating into her heart lay beneath a stone in the little graveyard of Ingouville, on which was inscribed:-- BETTINA CAROLINE MIGNON Died aged twenty-two.

EuropenounUS /ˈjʊrəp/

the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use “Europe” to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles

From this reading Such was the result to the celebrated house of Mignon at Havre of the crisis of 1825-26, which convulsed many of the principal business centres in Europe and caused the ruin of several Parisian bankers, among them (as those who remember that crisis will recall) the president of the chamber of commerce.

exileverbUS /ˈeɡzaɪl/

expel from a country

From this reading We can now understand how this great disaster, coming suddenly at the close of ten years of domestic happiness, might well have been the death of Bettina Mignon, again separated from her husband and ignorant of his fate,--to her as adventurous and perilous as the exile to Siberia.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading But the grief which was dragging her to the grave was far other than these visible sorrows.

fatenounUS /feɪt/

an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future

From this reading We can now understand how this great disaster, coming suddenly at the close of ten years of domestic happiness, might well have been the death of Bettina Mignon, again separated from her husband and ignorant of his fate,--to her as adventurous and perilous as the exile to Siberia.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Pray for her.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading We can now understand how this great disaster, coming suddenly at the close of ten years of domestic happiness, might well have been the death of Bettina Mignon, again separated from her husband and ignorant of his fate,--to her as adventurous and perilous as the exile to Siberia.

gravenounUS /ɡreɪv/

death of a person

From this reading But the grief which was dragging her to the grave was far other than these visible sorrows.

graveyardnounUS /ˈɡreɪvjɑːrd/

a tract of land used for burials

From this reading The caustic that was slowly eating into her heart lay beneath a stone in the little graveyard of Ingouville, on which was inscribed:-- BETTINA CAROLINE MIGNON Died aged twenty-two.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading We can now understand how this great disaster, coming suddenly at the close of ten years of domestic happiness, might well have been the death of Bettina Mignon, again separated from her husband and ignorant of his fate,--to her as adventurous and perilous as the exile to Siberia.

griefnounUS /ɡriːf/

intense sorrow caused by loss of a loved one (especially by death)

From this reading But the grief which was dragging her to the grave was far other than these visible sorrows.

happinessnounUS /ˈhæpinəs/

state of well-being characterized by emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy

From this reading We can now understand how this great disaster, coming suddenly at the close of ten years of domestic happiness, might well have been the death of Bettina Mignon, again separated from her husband and ignorant of his fate,--to her as adventurous and perilous as the exile to Siberia.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading We can now understand how this great disaster, coming suddenly at the close of ten years of domestic happiness, might well have been the death of Bettina Mignon, again separated from her husband and ignorant of his fate,--to her as adventurous and perilous as the exile to Siberia.

Havre

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Such was the result to the celebrated house of Mignon at Havre of the crisis of 1825-26, which convulsed many of the principal business centres in Europe and caused the ruin of several Parisian bankers, among them (as those who remember that crisis will recall) the president of the chamber of commerce.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading The caustic that was slowly eating into her heart lay beneath a stone in the little graveyard of Ingouville, on which was inscribed:-- BETTINA CAROLINE MIGNON Died aged twenty-two.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading We can now understand how this great disaster, coming suddenly at the close of ten years of domestic happiness, might well have been the death of Bettina Mignon, again separated from her husband and ignorant of his fate,--to her as adventurous and perilous as the exile to Siberia.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading We can now understand how this great disaster, coming suddenly at the close of ten years of domestic happiness, might well have been the death of Bettina Mignon, again separated from her husband and ignorant of his fate,--to her as adventurous and perilous as the exile to Siberia.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading Such was the result to the celebrated house of Mignon at Havre of the crisis of 1825-26, which convulsed many of the principal business centres in Europe and caused the ruin of several Parisian bankers, among them (as those who remember that crisis will recall) the president of the chamber of commerce.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We can now understand how this great disaster, coming suddenly at the close of ten years of domestic happiness, might well have been the death of Bettina Mignon, again separated from her husband and ignorant of his fate,--to her as adventurous and perilous as the exile to Siberia.

husbandnounUS /ˈhʌzbənd/

a married man; a woman's partner in marriage

From this reading We can now understand how this great disaster, coming suddenly at the close of ten years of domestic happiness, might well have been the death of Bettina Mignon, again separated from her husband and ignorant of his fate,--to her as adventurous and perilous as the exile to Siberia.

ignorantadjectiveUS /ˈɪɡnərənt/

uneducated in general; lacking knowledge or sophistication

From this reading We can now understand how this great disaster, coming suddenly at the close of ten years of domestic happiness, might well have been the death of Bettina Mignon, again separated from her husband and ignorant of his fate,--to her as adventurous and perilous as the exile to Siberia.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Such was the result to the celebrated house of Mignon at Havre of the crisis of 1825-26, which convulsed many of the principal business centres in Europe and caused the ruin of several Parisian bankers, among them (as those who remember that crisis will recall) the president of the chamber of commerce.

Ingouville

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The caustic that was slowly eating into her heart lay beneath a stone in the little graveyard of Ingouville, on which was inscribed:-- BETTINA CAROLINE MIGNON Died aged twenty-two.

inscribedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈskraɪbd/

written (by handwriting, printing, engraving, or carving) on or in a surface

From this reading The caustic that was slowly eating into her heart lay beneath a stone in the little graveyard of Ingouville, on which was inscribed:-- BETTINA CAROLINE MIGNON Died aged twenty-two.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The caustic that was slowly eating into her heart lay beneath a stone in the little graveyard of Ingouville, on which was inscribed:-- BETTINA CAROLINE MIGNON Died aged twenty-two.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The caustic that was slowly eating into her heart lay beneath a stone in the little graveyard of Ingouville, on which was inscribed:-- BETTINA CAROLINE MIGNON Died aged twenty-two.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The caustic that was slowly eating into her heart lay beneath a stone in the little graveyard of Ingouville, on which was inscribed:-- BETTINA CAROLINE MIGNON Died aged twenty-two.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Such was the result to the celebrated house of Mignon at Havre of the crisis of 1825-26, which convulsed many of the principal business centres in Europe and caused the ruin of several Parisian bankers, among them (as those who remember that crisis will recall) the president of the chamber of commerce.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading We can now understand how this great disaster, coming suddenly at the close of ten years of domestic happiness, might well have been the death of Bettina Mignon, again separated from her husband and ignorant of his fate,--to her as adventurous and perilous as the exile to Siberia.

Mignon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Such was the result to the celebrated house of Mignon at Havre of the crisis of 1825-26, which convulsed many of the principal business centres in Europe and caused the ruin of several Parisian bankers, among them (as those who remember that crisis will recall) the president of the chamber of commerce.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading We can now understand how this great disaster, coming suddenly at the close of ten years of domestic happiness, might well have been the death of Bettina Mignon, again separated from her husband and ignorant of his fate,--to her as adventurous and perilous as the exile to Siberia.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Such was the result to the celebrated house of Mignon at Havre of the crisis of 1825-26, which convulsed many of the principal business centres in Europe and caused the ruin of several Parisian bankers, among them (as those who remember that crisis will recall) the president of the chamber of commerce.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The caustic that was slowly eating into her heart lay beneath a stone in the little graveyard of Ingouville, on which was inscribed:-- BETTINA CAROLINE MIGNON Died aged twenty-two.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading But the grief which was dragging her to the grave was far other than these visible sorrows.

ParisianadjectiveUS /pərˈɪʒən/

of or relating to or characteristic of Paris or its inhabitants

From this reading Such was the result to the celebrated house of Mignon at Havre of the crisis of 1825-26, which convulsed many of the principal business centres in Europe and caused the ruin of several Parisian bankers, among them (as those who remember that crisis will recall) the president of the chamber of commerce.

perilousadjectiveUS /ˈperələs/

fraught with danger

From this reading We can now understand how this great disaster, coming suddenly at the close of ten years of domestic happiness, might well have been the death of Bettina Mignon, again separated from her husband and ignorant of his fate,--to her as adventurous and perilous as the exile to Siberia.

PrayverbUS /preɪ/

address a deity, a prophet, a saint or an object of worship; say a prayer

From this reading Pray for her.

presidentnounUS /ˈprezədent/

an executive officer of a firm or corporation

From this reading Such was the result to the celebrated house of Mignon at Havre of the crisis of 1825-26, which convulsed many of the principal business centres in Europe and caused the ruin of several Parisian bankers, among them (as those who remember that crisis will recall) the president of the chamber of commerce.

principalnounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəl/

the original amount of a debt on which interest is calculated

From this reading Such was the result to the celebrated house of Mignon at Havre of the crisis of 1825-26, which convulsed many of the principal business centres in Europe and caused the ruin of several Parisian bankers, among them (as those who remember that crisis will recall) the president of the chamber of commerce.

recallverbUS /ˈriːkɔːl/

recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection

From this reading Such was the result to the celebrated house of Mignon at Havre of the crisis of 1825-26, which convulsed many of the principal business centres in Europe and caused the ruin of several Parisian bankers, among them (as those who remember that crisis will recall) the president of the chamber of commerce.

rememberverbUS /rɪˈmɛm.bər/

To recall to mind.

From this reading Such was the result to the celebrated house of Mignon at Havre of the crisis of 1825-26, which convulsed many of the principal business centres in Europe and caused the ruin of several Parisian bankers, among them (as those who remember that crisis will recall) the president of the chamber of commerce.

resultnounUS /rɪˈzʌlt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading Such was the result to the celebrated house of Mignon at Havre of the crisis of 1825-26, which convulsed many of the principal business centres in Europe and caused the ruin of several Parisian bankers, among them (as those who remember that crisis will recall) the president of the chamber of commerce.

ruinnounUS /ˈruːən/

an irrecoverable state of devastation and destruction

From this reading Such was the result to the celebrated house of Mignon at Havre of the crisis of 1825-26, which convulsed many of the principal business centres in Europe and caused the ruin of several Parisian bankers, among them (as those who remember that crisis will recall) the president of the chamber of commerce.

separatedadjectiveUS /ˈsepəreɪtɪd/

being or feeling set or kept apart from others

From this reading We can now understand how this great disaster, coming suddenly at the close of ten years of domestic happiness, might well have been the death of Bettina Mignon, again separated from her husband and ignorant of his fate,--to her as adventurous and perilous as the exile to Siberia.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading Such was the result to the celebrated house of Mignon at Havre of the crisis of 1825-26, which convulsed many of the principal business centres in Europe and caused the ruin of several Parisian bankers, among them (as those who remember that crisis will recall) the president of the chamber of commerce.

SiberianounUS /saɪˈbɪriə/

a vast Asian region of Russia; famous for long cold winters

From this reading We can now understand how this great disaster, coming suddenly at the close of ten years of domestic happiness, might well have been the death of Bettina Mignon, again separated from her husband and ignorant of his fate,--to her as adventurous and perilous as the exile to Siberia.

slowlyadverbUS /ˈsloʊli/

without speed (“slow” is sometimes used informally for “slowly”)

From this reading The caustic that was slowly eating into her heart lay beneath a stone in the little graveyard of Ingouville, on which was inscribed:-- BETTINA CAROLINE MIGNON Died aged twenty-two.

sorrowsnounUS /ˈsɑːroʊz/

plural of “sorrow” — an emotion of great sadness associated with loss or bereavement

From this reading But the grief which was dragging her to the grave was far other than these visible sorrows.

stonenounUS /stoʊn/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading The caustic that was slowly eating into her heart lay beneath a stone in the little graveyard of Ingouville, on which was inscribed:-- BETTINA CAROLINE MIGNON Died aged twenty-two.

SuchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Such was the result to the celebrated house of Mignon at Havre of the crisis of 1825-26, which convulsed many of the principal business centres in Europe and caused the ruin of several Parisian bankers, among them (as those who remember that crisis will recall) the president of the chamber of commerce.

suddenlyadverbUS /ˈsʌdənli/

happening unexpectedly

From this reading We can now understand how this great disaster, coming suddenly at the close of ten years of domestic happiness, might well have been the death of Bettina Mignon, again separated from her husband and ignorant of his fate,--to her as adventurous and perilous as the exile to Siberia.

tennounUS /ten/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading We can now understand how this great disaster, coming suddenly at the close of ten years of domestic happiness, might well have been the death of Bettina Mignon, again separated from her husband and ignorant of his fate,--to her as adventurous and perilous as the exile to Siberia.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading But the grief which was dragging her to the grave was far other than these visible sorrows.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Such was the result to the celebrated house of Mignon at Havre of the crisis of 1825-26, which convulsed many of the principal business centres in Europe and caused the ruin of several Parisian bankers, among them (as those who remember that crisis will recall) the president of the chamber of commerce.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Such was the result to the celebrated house of Mignon at Havre of the crisis of 1825-26, which convulsed many of the principal business centres in Europe and caused the ruin of several Parisian bankers, among them (as those who remember that crisis will recall) the president of the chamber of commerce.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Such was the result to the celebrated house of Mignon at Havre of the crisis of 1825-26, which convulsed many of the principal business centres in Europe and caused the ruin of several Parisian bankers, among them (as those who remember that crisis will recall) the president of the chamber of commerce.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading But the grief which was dragging her to the grave was far other than these visible sorrows.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading We can now understand how this great disaster, coming suddenly at the close of ten years of domestic happiness, might well have been the death of Bettina Mignon, again separated from her husband and ignorant of his fate,--to her as adventurous and perilous as the exile to Siberia.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Such was the result to the celebrated house of Mignon at Havre of the crisis of 1825-26, which convulsed many of the principal business centres in Europe and caused the ruin of several Parisian bankers, among them (as those who remember that crisis will recall) the president of the chamber of commerce.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Such was the result to the celebrated house of Mignon at Havre of the crisis of 1825-26, which convulsed many of the principal business centres in Europe and caused the ruin of several Parisian bankers, among them (as those who remember that crisis will recall) the president of the chamber of commerce.

twenty-twonounUS /ˈtwentituː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of twenty-one and one

From this reading The caustic that was slowly eating into her heart lay beneath a stone in the little graveyard of Ingouville, on which was inscribed:-- BETTINA CAROLINE MIGNON Died aged twenty-two.

understandverbUS /ˌʌndərˈstænd/

know and comprehend the nature or meaning of

From this reading We can now understand how this great disaster, coming suddenly at the close of ten years of domestic happiness, might well have been the death of Bettina Mignon, again separated from her husband and ignorant of his fate,--to her as adventurous and perilous as the exile to Siberia.

visibleadjectiveUS /ˈvɪzəbəl/

capable of being seen; or open to easy view

From this reading But the grief which was dragging her to the grave was far other than these visible sorrows.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Such was the result to the celebrated house of Mignon at Havre of the crisis of 1825-26, which convulsed many of the principal business centres in Europe and caused the ruin of several Parisian bankers, among them (as those who remember that crisis will recall) the president of the chamber of commerce.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We can now understand how this great disaster, coming suddenly at the close of ten years of domestic happiness, might well have been the death of Bettina Mignon, again separated from her husband and ignorant of his fate,--to her as adventurous and perilous as the exile to Siberia.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading We can now understand how this great disaster, coming suddenly at the close of ten years of domestic happiness, might well have been the death of Bettina Mignon, again separated from her husband and ignorant of his fate,--to her as adventurous and perilous as the exile to Siberia.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Such was the result to the celebrated house of Mignon at Havre of the crisis of 1825-26, which convulsed many of the principal business centres in Europe and caused the ruin of several Parisian bankers, among them (as those who remember that crisis will recall) the president of the chamber of commerce.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Such was the result to the celebrated house of Mignon at Havre of the crisis of 1825-26, which convulsed many of the principal business centres in Europe and caused the ruin of several Parisian bankers, among them (as those who remember that crisis will recall) the president of the chamber of commerce.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Such was the result to the celebrated house of Mignon at Havre of the crisis of 1825-26, which convulsed many of the principal business centres in Europe and caused the ruin of several Parisian bankers, among them (as those who remember that crisis will recall) the president of the chamber of commerce.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading We can now understand how this great disaster, coming suddenly at the close of ten years of domestic happiness, might well have been the death of Bettina Mignon, again separated from her husband and ignorant of his fate,--to her as adventurous and perilous as the exile to Siberia.

Chapter 4 of Modeste Mignon by Honoré de Balzac holds 143 sentences, grouped into 29 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Modeste Mignon contain?

Chapter 4 holds 143 sentences of Modeste Mignon, unabridged, divided into 29 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Modeste Mignon by Honoré de Balzac exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 143 sentences, grouped into 29 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Modeste Mignon?

Work through the 29 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 29 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Modeste Mignon

Common questions about reading Modeste Mignon by Honoré de Balzac on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Modeste Mignon?

Yes. All 3894 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1482 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Modeste Mignon is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1482, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Modeste Mignon take to read?

About 324 minutes of reading across 779 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  1. Open a chapter

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Modeste Mignon

Words and structures a reader meets early in Modeste Mignon, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Beginning
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Modeste Mignon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
October
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Modeste Mignon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Monsieur
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Modeste Mignon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Simon
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Modeste Mignon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.