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Moscow
Moscow

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Moscow is here in full — 60 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/12 · 5 lines
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For many a year after the tragic death of his father the new manor-lord, little Sasha Maximof, would not be induced to live at the estate.
He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.
She desired no more than Sasha to live in the country.
The property was placed in the hands of a steward--somewhat more merciful than deposed Kakin--who contrived to extract a fat living for the widow and her son by exploiting their unfortunate serfs to the utmost limit permitted by the law.
The Countess lived with Sasha in St. Petersburg where he saw little or nothing of his "betrothed" for two or three years, after which little Vera Demidof was sent to Paris to be educated in a French school.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Moscow

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Moscow is here in full — 60 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/12 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
For many a year after the tragic death of his father the new manor-lord, little Sasha Maximof, would not be induced to live at the estate.
Line 2
He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.
Line 3
She desired no more than Sasha to live in the country.
Line 4
The property was placed in the hands of a steward--somewhat more merciful than deposed Kakin--who contrived to extract a fat living for the widow and her son by exploiting their unfortunate serfs to the utmost limit permitted by the law.
Line 5
The Countess lived with Sasha in St. Petersburg where he saw little or nothing of his "betrothed" for two or three years, after which little Vera Demidof was sent to Paris to be educated in a French school.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

deposed verb US /dɪˈpoʊzd/

past form of “depose” — force to leave (an office)

From this reading “The property was placed in the hands of a steward--somewhat more merciful than deposed Kakin--who contrived to extract a fat living for the widow and her son by exploiting their unfortunate serfs to the utmost limit permitted by the law.”

exploiting verb US /ˈeksplɔɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “exploit” — use or manipulate to one's advantage

From this reading “The property was placed in the hands of a steward--somewhat more merciful than deposed Kakin--who contrived to extract a fat living for the widow and her son by exploiting their unfortunate serfs to the utmost limit permitted by the law.”

fostered verb US /ˈfɑːstərd/

past form of “foster” — promote the growth of

From this reading “He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.”

lurked verb US /lɜːrkt/

past form of “lurk” — lie in wait, lie in ambush, behave in a sneaky and secretive manner

From this reading “He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.”

morbid adjective US /ˈmɔːrbəd/

suggesting an unhealthy mental state

From this reading “He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.”

originated verb US /ərˈɪdʒəneɪtəd/

past form of “originate” — come into existence; take on form or shape

From this reading “He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.”

Petersburg noun US /ˈpiːtərzbərɡ/

a town in southeastern Virginia (south of Richmond); scene of heavy fighting during the American Civil War

From this reading “The Countess lived with Sasha in St. Petersburg where he saw little or nothing of his "betrothed" for two or three years, after which little Vera Demidof was sent to Paris to be educated in a French school.”

serfs noun US /sɜːrfs/

plural of “serf” — (Middle Ages) a person who is bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord

From this reading “He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

utmost limit adjective + noun

In this reading “The property was placed in the hands of a steward--somewhat more merciful than deposed Kakin--who contrived to extract a fat living for the widow and her son by exploiting their unfortunate serfs to the utmost limit permitted by the law.”

morbid fancy adjective + noun

In this reading “He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.”

three years noun + noun

In this reading “The Countess lived with Sasha in St. Petersburg where he saw little or nothing of his "betrothed" for two or three years, after which little Vera Demidof was sent to Paris to be educated in a French school.”

tragic death adjective + noun

In this reading “For many a year after the tragic death of his father the new manor-lord, little Sasha Maximof, would not be induced to live at the estate.”

live in verb + particle

live in the house where one works

In this reading “She desired no more than Sasha to live in the country.”

for ever preposition + adverb

In this reading “He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.”

lived with verb + particle counted as “live with”

tolerate or accommodate oneself to

In this reading “The Countess lived with Sasha in St. Petersburg where he saw little or nothing of his "betrothed" for two or three years, after which little Vera Demidof was sent to Paris to be educated in a French school.”

in the country preposition + article + noun counted as “in … country”

In this reading “She desired no more than Sasha to live in the country.”

All words in this reading · 114

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading For many a year after the tragic death of his father the new manor-lord, little Sasha Maximof, would not be induced to live at the estate.

accordingadjectiveUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with

From this reading He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.

afraidadjectiveUS /əˈfreɪd/

filled with fear or apprehension

From this reading He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading For many a year after the tragic death of his father the new manor-lord, little Sasha Maximof, would not be induced to live at the estate.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading For many a year after the tragic death of his father the new manor-lord, little Sasha Maximof, would not be induced to live at the estate.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading For many a year after the tragic death of his father the new manor-lord, little Sasha Maximof, would not be induced to live at the estate.

betrothedadjective

pledged to be married

From this reading The Countess lived with Sasha in St. Petersburg where he saw little or nothing of his "betrothed" for two or three years, after which little Vera Demidof was sent to Paris to be educated in a French school.

borneverbUS /bɔːrn/

inflected form of “bear” — have

From this reading He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.

childnounUS /tʃaɪld/

a young person of either sex

From this reading He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.

contrivedadjectiveUS /kənˈtraɪvd/

showing effects of planning or manipulation

From this reading The property was placed in the hands of a steward--somewhat more merciful than deposed Kakin--who contrived to extract a fat living for the widow and her son by exploiting their unfortunate serfs to the utmost limit permitted by the law.

CountessnounUS /ˈkaʊntəs/

female equivalent of a count or earl

From this reading The Countess lived with Sasha in St. Petersburg where he saw little or nothing of his "betrothed" for two or three years, after which little Vera Demidof was sent to Paris to be educated in a French school.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading She desired no more than Sasha to live in the country.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading For many a year after the tragic death of his father the new manor-lord, little Sasha Maximof, would not be induced to live at the estate.

Demidof

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Countess lived with Sasha in St. Petersburg where he saw little or nothing of his "betrothed" for two or three years, after which little Vera Demidof was sent to Paris to be educated in a French school.

deposedverbUS /dɪˈpoʊzd/

past form of “depose” — force to leave (an office)

From this reading The property was placed in the hands of a steward--somewhat more merciful than deposed Kakin--who contrived to extract a fat living for the widow and her son by exploiting their unfortunate serfs to the utmost limit permitted by the law.

desiredadjectiveUS /dɪˈzaɪərd/

wanted intensely

From this reading She desired no more than Sasha to live in the country.

destructionnounUS /dɪˈstrʌkʃən/

the termination of something by causing so much damage to it that it cannot be repaired or no longer exists

From this reading He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.

educatedadjectiveUS /ˈedʒəkeɪtɪd/

possessing an education (especially having more than average knowledge)

From this reading The Countess lived with Sasha in St. Petersburg where he saw little or nothing of his "betrothed" for two or three years, after which little Vera Demidof was sent to Paris to be educated in a French school.

estatenounUS /ɪˈsteɪt/

everything you own; all of your assets (whether real property or personal property) and liabilities

From this reading For many a year after the tragic death of his father the new manor-lord, little Sasha Maximof, would not be induced to live at the estate.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.

exploitingverbUS /ˈeksplɔɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “exploit” — use or manipulate to one's advantage

From this reading The property was placed in the hands of a steward--somewhat more merciful than deposed Kakin--who contrived to extract a fat living for the widow and her son by exploiting their unfortunate serfs to the utmost limit permitted by the law.

extendedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈstendəd/

relatively long in duration; tediously protracted

From this reading He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.

extractverbUS /ˈekstrækt/

remove, usually with some force or effort; also used in an abstract sense

From this reading The property was placed in the hands of a steward--somewhat more merciful than deposed Kakin--who contrived to extract a fat living for the widow and her son by exploiting their unfortunate serfs to the utmost limit permitted by the law.

fancynounUS /ˈfænsi/

something many people believe that is false

From this reading He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.

fatadjectiveUS /fæt/

having an (over)abundance of flesh

From this reading The property was placed in the hands of a steward--somewhat more merciful than deposed Kakin--who contrived to extract a fat living for the widow and her son by exploiting their unfortunate serfs to the utmost limit permitted by the law.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading For many a year after the tragic death of his father the new manor-lord, little Sasha Maximof, would not be induced to live at the estate.

fearingverbUS /ˈfɪrɪŋ/

-ing form of “fear” — be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event

From this reading He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.

feelingnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋ/

the experiencing of affective and emotional states

From this reading He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For many a year after the tragic death of his father the new manor-lord, little Sasha Maximof, would not be induced to live at the estate.

fosteredverbUS /ˈfɑːstərd/

past form of “foster” — promote the growth of

From this reading He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading The Countess lived with Sasha in St. Petersburg where he saw little or nothing of his "betrothed" for two or three years, after which little Vera Demidof was sent to Paris to be educated in a French school.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading The property was placed in the hands of a steward--somewhat more merciful than deposed Kakin--who contrived to extract a fat living for the widow and her son by exploiting their unfortunate serfs to the utmost limit permitted by the law.

hatrednounUS /ˈheɪtrəd/

the emotion of intense dislike; a feeling of dislike so strong that it demands action

From this reading He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.

herselfpronounUS /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading For many a year after the tragic death of his father the new manor-lord, little Sasha Maximof, would not be induced to live at the estate.

hoardes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.

husbandnounUS /ˈhʌzbənd/

a married man; a woman's partner in marriage

From this reading He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading She desired no more than Sasha to live in the country.

inducedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈduːst/

brought about or caused; not spontaneous

From this reading For many a year after the tragic death of his father the new manor-lord, little Sasha Maximof, would not be induced to live at the estate.

intentnounUS /ˌɪnˈtent/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.

Kakin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The property was placed in the hands of a steward--somewhat more merciful than deposed Kakin--who contrived to extract a fat living for the widow and her son by exploiting their unfortunate serfs to the utmost limit permitted by the law.

knowingadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊɪŋ/

evidencing the possession of inside information

From this reading He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.

lawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading The property was placed in the hands of a steward--somewhat more merciful than deposed Kakin--who contrived to extract a fat living for the widow and her son by exploiting their unfortunate serfs to the utmost limit permitted by the law.

lestconjunctionUS /lest/

in order that something should not happen

From this reading He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.

limitnounUS /ˈlɪmət/

the greatest possible degree of something

From this reading The property was placed in the hands of a steward--somewhat more merciful than deposed Kakin--who contrived to extract a fat living for the widow and her son by exploiting their unfortunate serfs to the utmost limit permitted by the law.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading For many a year after the tragic death of his father the new manor-lord, little Sasha Maximof, would not be induced to live at the estate.

liveverbUS /laɪv/

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading For many a year after the tragic death of his father the new manor-lord, little Sasha Maximof, would not be induced to live at the estate.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading The Countess lived with Sasha in St. Petersburg where he saw little or nothing of his "betrothed" for two or three years, after which little Vera Demidof was sent to Paris to be educated in a French school.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading The property was placed in the hands of a steward--somewhat more merciful than deposed Kakin--who contrived to extract a fat living for the widow and her son by exploiting their unfortunate serfs to the utmost limit permitted by the law.

lurkedverbUS /lɜːrkt/

past form of “lurk” — lie in wait, lie in ambush, behave in a sneaky and secretive manner

From this reading He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.

malicenounUS /ˈmæləs/

feeling a need to see others suffer

From this reading He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.

manor-lord

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For many a year after the tragic death of his father the new manor-lord, little Sasha Maximof, would not be induced to live at the estate.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading For many a year after the tragic death of his father the new manor-lord, little Sasha Maximof, would not be induced to live at the estate.

Maximof

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For many a year after the tragic death of his father the new manor-lord, little Sasha Maximof, would not be induced to live at the estate.

mercifuladjectiveUS /ˈmɜːrsɪfəl/

showing or giving mercy

From this reading The property was placed in the hands of a steward--somewhat more merciful than deposed Kakin--who contrived to extract a fat living for the widow and her son by exploiting their unfortunate serfs to the utmost limit permitted by the law.

morbidadjectiveUS /ˈmɔːrbəd/

suggesting an unhealthy mental state

From this reading He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading She desired no more than Sasha to live in the country.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading For many a year after the tragic death of his father the new manor-lord, little Sasha Maximof, would not be induced to live at the estate.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading She desired no more than Sasha to live in the country.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading For many a year after the tragic death of his father the new manor-lord, little Sasha Maximof, would not be induced to live at the estate.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading The Countess lived with Sasha in St. Petersburg where he saw little or nothing of his "betrothed" for two or three years, after which little Vera Demidof was sent to Paris to be educated in a French school.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading For many a year after the tragic death of his father the new manor-lord, little Sasha Maximof, would not be induced to live at the estate.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The Countess lived with Sasha in St. Petersburg where he saw little or nothing of his "betrothed" for two or three years, after which little Vera Demidof was sent to Paris to be educated in a French school.

originatedverbUS /ərˈɪdʒəneɪtəd/

past form of “originate” — come into existence; take on form or shape

From this reading He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.

ParisnounUS /ˈperɪs/

the capital and largest city of France; and international center of culture and commerce

From this reading The Countess lived with Sasha in St. Petersburg where he saw little or nothing of his "betrothed" for two or three years, after which little Vera Demidof was sent to Paris to be educated in a French school.

permittedverbUS /pərˈmɪtɪd/

inflected form of “permit” — consent to, give permission

From this reading The property was placed in the hands of a steward--somewhat more merciful than deposed Kakin--who contrived to extract a fat living for the widow and her son by exploiting their unfortunate serfs to the utmost limit permitted by the law.

PetersburgnounUS /ˈpiːtərzbərɡ/

a town in southeastern Virginia (south of Richmond); scene of heavy fighting during the American Civil War

From this reading The Countess lived with Sasha in St. Petersburg where he saw little or nothing of his "betrothed" for two or three years, after which little Vera Demidof was sent to Paris to be educated in a French school.

placedadjectiveUS /pleɪst/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading The property was placed in the hands of a steward--somewhat more merciful than deposed Kakin--who contrived to extract a fat living for the widow and her son by exploiting their unfortunate serfs to the utmost limit permitted by the law.

propertynounUS /ˈprɑːpərti/

something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone

From this reading The property was placed in the hands of a steward--somewhat more merciful than deposed Kakin--who contrived to extract a fat living for the widow and her son by exploiting their unfortunate serfs to the utmost limit permitted by the law.

raveningadjective

living by preying on other animals especially by catching living prey

From this reading He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.

Sasha

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For many a year after the tragic death of his father the new manor-lord, little Sasha Maximof, would not be induced to live at the estate.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading The Countess lived with Sasha in St. Petersburg where he saw little or nothing of his "betrothed" for two or three years, after which little Vera Demidof was sent to Paris to be educated in a French school.

schoolnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading The Countess lived with Sasha in St. Petersburg where he saw little or nothing of his "betrothed" for two or three years, after which little Vera Demidof was sent to Paris to be educated in a French school.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading The Countess lived with Sasha in St. Petersburg where he saw little or nothing of his "betrothed" for two or three years, after which little Vera Demidof was sent to Paris to be educated in a French school.

serfsnounUS /sɜːrfs/

plural of “serf” — (Middle Ages) a person who is bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord

From this reading He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.

ShepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She desired no more than Sasha to live in the country.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.

somewhatadverbUS /ˈsʌmˈwʌt/

to a small degree or extent

From this reading The property was placed in the hands of a steward--somewhat more merciful than deposed Kakin--who contrived to extract a fat living for the widow and her son by exploiting their unfortunate serfs to the utmost limit permitted by the law.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading The property was placed in the hands of a steward--somewhat more merciful than deposed Kakin--who contrived to extract a fat living for the widow and her son by exploiting their unfortunate serfs to the utmost limit permitted by the law.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Countess lived with Sasha in St. Petersburg where he saw little or nothing of his "betrothed" for two or three years, after which little Vera Demidof was sent to Paris to be educated in a French school.

stewardnounUS /ˈstuːərd/

someone who manages property or other affairs for someone else

From this reading The property was placed in the hands of a steward--somewhat more merciful than deposed Kakin--who contrived to extract a fat living for the widow and her son by exploiting their unfortunate serfs to the utmost limit permitted by the law.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading She desired no more than Sasha to live in the country.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading For many a year after the tragic death of his father the new manor-lord, little Sasha Maximof, would not be induced to live at the estate.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading The Countess lived with Sasha in St. Petersburg where he saw little or nothing of his "betrothed" for two or three years, after which little Vera Demidof was sent to Paris to be educated in a French school.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading For many a year after the tragic death of his father the new manor-lord, little Sasha Maximof, would not be induced to live at the estate.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.

tragicadjectiveUS /ˈtrædʒɪk/

very sad; especially involving grief or death or destruction

From this reading For many a year after the tragic death of his father the new manor-lord, little Sasha Maximof, would not be induced to live at the estate.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The Countess lived with Sasha in St. Petersburg where he saw little or nothing of his "betrothed" for two or three years, after which little Vera Demidof was sent to Paris to be educated in a French school.

unfortunateadjectiveUS /ənˈfɔːrtʃənət/

not favored by fortune; marked or accompanied by or resulting in ill fortune

From this reading The property was placed in the hands of a steward--somewhat more merciful than deposed Kakin--who contrived to extract a fat living for the widow and her son by exploiting their unfortunate serfs to the utmost limit permitted by the law.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.

utmostadjectiveUS /ˈʌtmoʊst/

of the greatest possible degree or extent or intensity

From this reading The property was placed in the hands of a steward--somewhat more merciful than deposed Kakin--who contrived to extract a fat living for the widow and her son by exploiting their unfortunate serfs to the utmost limit permitted by the law.

Vera

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Countess lived with Sasha in St. Petersburg where he saw little or nothing of his "betrothed" for two or three years, after which little Vera Demidof was sent to Paris to be educated in a French school.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading The Countess lived with Sasha in St. Petersburg where he saw little or nothing of his "betrothed" for two or three years, after which little Vera Demidof was sent to Paris to be educated in a French school.

wherein

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The Countess lived with Sasha in St. Petersburg where he saw little or nothing of his "betrothed" for two or three years, after which little Vera Demidof was sent to Paris to be educated in a French school.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.

widownounUS /ˈwɪdoʊ/

a woman whose husband is dead especially one who has not remarried

From this reading The property was placed in the hands of a steward--somewhat more merciful than deposed Kakin--who contrived to extract a fat living for the widow and her son by exploiting their unfortunate serfs to the utmost limit permitted by the law.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The Countess lived with Sasha in St. Petersburg where he saw little or nothing of his "betrothed" for two or three years, after which little Vera Demidof was sent to Paris to be educated in a French school.

wolvesnounUS /wʊlvz/

plural of “wolf” — any of various predatory carnivorous canine mammals of North America and Eurasia that usually hunt in packs

From this reading He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.

woodsnounUS /wʊdz/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading He was afraid of the woods, wherein for ever lurked, according to his morbid fancy, hoardes of ravening wolves intent upon his destruction; he was afraid of his serfs, a feeling originated and fostered by his mother, who was herself afraid of them, well knowing the hatred they had borne towards her husband and fearing lest their malice should be extended towards his child.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading For many a year after the tragic death of his father the new manor-lord, little Sasha Maximof, would not be induced to live at the estate.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading For many a year after the tragic death of his father the new manor-lord, little Sasha Maximof, would not be induced to live at the estate.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading The Countess lived with Sasha in St. Petersburg where he saw little or nothing of his "betrothed" for two or three years, after which little Vera Demidof was sent to Paris to be educated in a French school.

Chapter 4 of Moscow by Frederick Whishaw holds 60 sentences, grouped into 12 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Moscow contain?

Chapter 4 holds 60 sentences of Moscow, unabridged, divided into 12 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Moscow by Frederick Whishaw exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 60 sentences, grouped into 12 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Moscow?

Work through the 12 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 12 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Moscow

Common questions about reading Moscow by Frederick Whishaw on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Moscow?

Yes. All 2896 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #42967 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Moscow is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #42967, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Moscow take to read?

About 241 minutes of reading across 580 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Moscow section by section

How to work through Moscow section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 31 chapters of Moscow to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Moscow

Words and structures a reader meets early in Moscow, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Great
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Moscow; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Jangling
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Moscow; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sleigh-bells
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Moscow; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Shouting
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Moscow; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.