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Mosses from an old manse
Mosses from an old manse

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Mosses from an old manse is here in full — 149 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Mosses from an old manse
Context Illustration Reading 1/29 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
While Giovanni stood at the window he heard a rustling behind a screen of leaves, and became aware that a person was at work in the garden.
His figure soon emerged into view, and showed itself to be that of no common laborer, but a tall, emaciated, sallow, and sickly-looking man, dressed in a scholar’s garb of black.
He was beyond the middle term of life, with gray hair, a thin, gray beard, and a face singularly marked with intellect and cultivation, but which could never, even in his more youthful days, have expressed much warmth of heart.
Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path: it seemed as if he was looking into their inmost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.
Nevertheless, in spite of this deep intelligence on his part, there was no approach to intimacy between himself and these vegetable existences.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Mosses from an old manse

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Mosses from an old manse is here in full — 149 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/29 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
While Giovanni stood at the window he heard a rustling behind a screen of leaves, and became aware that a person was at work in the garden.
Line 2
His figure soon emerged into view, and showed itself to be that of no common laborer, but a tall, emaciated, sallow, and sickly-looking man, dressed in a scholar’s garb of black.
Line 3
He was beyond the middle term of life, with gray hair, a thin, gray beard, and a face singularly marked with intellect and cultivation, but which could never, even in his more youthful days, have expressed much warmth of heart.
/hiː wɑːz bɪˈɑːnd ðə ˈmɪdəl tɜːrm ʌv laɪf wɪð ɡreɪ her ə θɪn ɡreɪ bɪrd ənd ə feɪs ˈsɪŋɡjələrli mɑːrkt wɪð ˈɪntəlekt ənd ˌkʌltɪˈveɪʃən bʌt wɪtʃ kʊd ˈnevər ˈiːvɪn ɪn hɪz mɔːr ˈjuːθfəl deɪz hæv ɪkˈsprest mʌtʃ wɔːrmθ ʌv hɑːrt/
Line 4
Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path: it seemed as if he was looking into their inmost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.
Line 5
Nevertheless, in spite of this deep intelligence on his part, there was no approach to intimacy between himself and these vegetable existences.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

creative adjective US /kriˈeɪtɪv/

having the ability or power to create

From this reading “Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path: it seemed as if he was looking into their inmost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.”

cultivation noun US /ˌkʌltɪˈveɪʃən/

socialization through training and education to develop one's mind or manners

From this reading “He was beyond the middle term of life, with gray hair, a thin, gray beard, and a face singularly marked with intellect and cultivation, but which could never, even in his more youthful days, have expressed much warmth of heart.”

differed verb US /ˈdɪfərd/

past form of “differ” — be different

From this reading “Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path: it seemed as if he was looking into their inmost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.”

emaciated adjective US /ɪˈmeɪʃieɪtɪd/

very thin especially from disease or hunger or cold

From this reading “His figure soon emerged into view, and showed itself to be that of no common laborer, but a tall, emaciated, sallow, and sickly-looking man, dressed in a scholar’s garb of black.”

exceed verb US /ɪkˈsiːd/

be greater in scope or size than some standard

From this reading “Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path: it seemed as if he was looking into their inmost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.”

laborer noun US /ˈleɪbərər/

someone who works with their hands; someone engaged in manual labor

From this reading “His figure soon emerged into view, and showed itself to be that of no common laborer, but a tall, emaciated, sallow, and sickly-looking man, dressed in a scholar’s garb of black.”

scholar's noun US /ˈskɑːlərz/

possessive form of “scholar” — a learned person (especially in the humanities); someone who by long study has gained mastery in one or more disciplines

shrub noun US /ʃrʌb/

a low woody perennial plant usually having several major stems

From this reading “Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path: it seemed as if he was looking into their inmost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.”

All words in this reading · 124

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading While Giovanni stood at the window he heard a rustling behind a screen of leaves, and became aware that a person was at work in the garden.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path: it seemed as if he was looking into their inmost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading While Giovanni stood at the window he heard a rustling behind a screen of leaves, and became aware that a person was at work in the garden.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path: it seemed as if he was looking into their inmost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.

approachverbUS /əˈproʊtʃ/

move towards

From this reading Nevertheless, in spite of this deep intelligence on his part, there was no approach to intimacy between himself and these vegetable existences.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path: it seemed as if he was looking into their inmost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading While Giovanni stood at the window he heard a rustling behind a screen of leaves, and became aware that a person was at work in the garden.

awareadjectiveUS /əˈwer/

(sometimes followed by “of”) having or showing knowledge or understanding or realization or perception

From this reading While Giovanni stood at the window he heard a rustling behind a screen of leaves, and became aware that a person was at work in the garden.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading His figure soon emerged into view, and showed itself to be that of no common laborer, but a tall, emaciated, sallow, and sickly-looking man, dressed in a scholar’s garb of black.

beardnounUS /bɪrd/

the hair growing on the lower part of a man's face

From this reading He was beyond the middle term of life, with gray hair, a thin, gray beard, and a face singularly marked with intellect and cultivation, but which could never, even in his more youthful days, have expressed much warmth of heart.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading While Giovanni stood at the window he heard a rustling behind a screen of leaves, and became aware that a person was at work in the garden.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading While Giovanni stood at the window he heard a rustling behind a screen of leaves, and became aware that a person was at work in the garden.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Nevertheless, in spite of this deep intelligence on his part, there was no approach to intimacy between himself and these vegetable existences.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading He was beyond the middle term of life, with gray hair, a thin, gray beard, and a face singularly marked with intellect and cultivation, but which could never, even in his more youthful days, have expressed much warmth of heart.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading His figure soon emerged into view, and showed itself to be that of no common laborer, but a tall, emaciated, sallow, and sickly-looking man, dressed in a scholar’s garb of black.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading His figure soon emerged into view, and showed itself to be that of no common laborer, but a tall, emaciated, sallow, and sickly-looking man, dressed in a scholar’s garb of black.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading His figure soon emerged into view, and showed itself to be that of no common laborer, but a tall, emaciated, sallow, and sickly-looking man, dressed in a scholar’s garb of black.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading He was beyond the middle term of life, with gray hair, a thin, gray beard, and a face singularly marked with intellect and cultivation, but which could never, even in his more youthful days, have expressed much warmth of heart.

creativeadjectiveUS /kriˈeɪtɪv/

having the ability or power to create

From this reading Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path: it seemed as if he was looking into their inmost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.

cultivationnounUS /ˌkʌltɪˈveɪʃən/

socialization through training and education to develop one's mind or manners

From this reading He was beyond the middle term of life, with gray hair, a thin, gray beard, and a face singularly marked with intellect and cultivation, but which could never, even in his more youthful days, have expressed much warmth of heart.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading He was beyond the middle term of life, with gray hair, a thin, gray beard, and a face singularly marked with intellect and cultivation, but which could never, even in his more youthful days, have expressed much warmth of heart.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading Nevertheless, in spite of this deep intelligence on his part, there was no approach to intimacy between himself and these vegetable existences.

differedverbUS /ˈdɪfərd/

past form of “differ” — be different

From this reading Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path: it seemed as if he was looking into their inmost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.

discoveringverbUS /dɪˈskʌvərɪŋ/

-ing form of “discover” — discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of

From this reading Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path: it seemed as if he was looking into their inmost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.

dressedadjectiveUS /drest/

dressed or clothed especially in fine attire; often used in combination

From this reading His figure soon emerged into view, and showed itself to be that of no common laborer, but a tall, emaciated, sallow, and sickly-looking man, dressed in a scholar’s garb of black.

emaciatedadjectiveUS /ɪˈmeɪʃieɪtɪd/

very thin especially from disease or hunger or cold

From this reading His figure soon emerged into view, and showed itself to be that of no common laborer, but a tall, emaciated, sallow, and sickly-looking man, dressed in a scholar’s garb of black.

emergedverbUS /ɪˈmɜːrdʒd/

past form of “emerge” — come out into view, as from concealment

From this reading His figure soon emerged into view, and showed itself to be that of no common laborer, but a tall, emaciated, sallow, and sickly-looking man, dressed in a scholar’s garb of black.

essencenounUS /ˈesəns/

the choicest or most essential or most vital part of some idea or experience

From this reading Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path: it seemed as if he was looking into their inmost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading He was beyond the middle term of life, with gray hair, a thin, gray beard, and a face singularly marked with intellect and cultivation, but which could never, even in his more youthful days, have expressed much warmth of heart.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path: it seemed as if he was looking into their inmost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.

examinedverbUS /ɪɡˈzæmənd/

past form of “examine” — consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning

From this reading Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path: it seemed as if he was looking into their inmost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.

exceedverbUS /ɪkˈsiːd/

be greater in scope or size than some standard

From this reading Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path: it seemed as if he was looking into their inmost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.

existences

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nevertheless, in spite of this deep intelligence on his part, there was no approach to intimacy between himself and these vegetable existences.

expressedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈsprest/

communicated in words

From this reading He was beyond the middle term of life, with gray hair, a thin, gray beard, and a face singularly marked with intellect and cultivation, but which could never, even in his more youthful days, have expressed much warmth of heart.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading He was beyond the middle term of life, with gray hair, a thin, gray beard, and a face singularly marked with intellect and cultivation, but which could never, even in his more youthful days, have expressed much warmth of heart.

figurenounUS /ˈfɪɡjər/

a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading His figure soon emerged into view, and showed itself to be that of no common laborer, but a tall, emaciated, sallow, and sickly-looking man, dressed in a scholar’s garb of black.

flowersnounUS /ˈflaʊərz/

plural of “flower” — a plant cultivated for its blooms or blossoms

From this reading Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path: it seemed as if he was looking into their inmost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.

garbnounUS /ɡɑːrb/

clothing of a distinctive style or for a particular occasion

From this reading His figure soon emerged into view, and showed itself to be that of no common laborer, but a tall, emaciated, sallow, and sickly-looking man, dressed in a scholar’s garb of black.

gardennounUS /ˈɡɑːrdən/

a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading While Giovanni stood at the window he heard a rustling behind a screen of leaves, and became aware that a person was at work in the garden.

gardenernounUS /ˈɡɑːrdənər/

someone who takes care of a garden

From this reading Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path: it seemed as if he was looking into their inmost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.

Giovanni

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading While Giovanni stood at the window he heard a rustling behind a screen of leaves, and became aware that a person was at work in the garden.

graynounUS /ɡreɪ/

a neutral achromatic color midway between white and black

From this reading He was beyond the middle term of life, with gray hair, a thin, gray beard, and a face singularly marked with intellect and cultivation, but which could never, even in his more youthful days, have expressed much warmth of heart.

grewverbUS /ɡruː/

inflected form of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path: it seemed as if he was looking into their inmost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.

hairnounUS /her/

a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss

From this reading He was beyond the middle term of life, with gray hair, a thin, gray beard, and a face singularly marked with intellect and cultivation, but which could never, even in his more youthful days, have expressed much warmth of heart.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading He was beyond the middle term of life, with gray hair, a thin, gray beard, and a face singularly marked with intellect and cultivation, but which could never, even in his more youthful days, have expressed much warmth of heart.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading While Giovanni stood at the window he heard a rustling behind a screen of leaves, and became aware that a person was at work in the garden.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading While Giovanni stood at the window he heard a rustling behind a screen of leaves, and became aware that a person was at work in the garden.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading He was beyond the middle term of life, with gray hair, a thin, gray beard, and a face singularly marked with intellect and cultivation, but which could never, even in his more youthful days, have expressed much warmth of heart.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Nevertheless, in spite of this deep intelligence on his part, there was no approach to intimacy between himself and these vegetable existences.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His figure soon emerged into view, and showed itself to be that of no common laborer, but a tall, emaciated, sallow, and sickly-looking man, dressed in a scholar’s garb of black.

huenounUS /hjuː/

the quality of a color as determined by its dominant wavelength

From this reading Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path: it seemed as if he was looking into their inmost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path: it seemed as if he was looking into their inmost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading While Giovanni stood at the window he heard a rustling behind a screen of leaves, and became aware that a person was at work in the garden.

inmost

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path: it seemed as if he was looking into their inmost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.

intellectnounUS /ˈɪntəlekt/

knowledge and intellectual ability

From this reading He was beyond the middle term of life, with gray hair, a thin, gray beard, and a face singularly marked with intellect and cultivation, but which could never, even in his more youthful days, have expressed much warmth of heart.

intelligencenounUS /ˌɪnˈtelədʒəns/

the ability to comprehend; to understand and profit from experience

From this reading Nevertheless, in spite of this deep intelligence on his part, there was no approach to intimacy between himself and these vegetable existences.

intentness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path: it seemed as if he was looking into their inmost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.

intimacynounUS /ˈɪntəməsi/

close or warm friendship

From this reading Nevertheless, in spite of this deep intelligence on his part, there was no approach to intimacy between himself and these vegetable existences.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading His figure soon emerged into view, and showed itself to be that of no common laborer, but a tall, emaciated, sallow, and sickly-looking man, dressed in a scholar’s garb of black.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path: it seemed as if he was looking into their inmost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading His figure soon emerged into view, and showed itself to be that of no common laborer, but a tall, emaciated, sallow, and sickly-looking man, dressed in a scholar’s garb of black.

laborernounUS /ˈleɪbərər/

someone who works with their hands; someone engaged in manual labor

From this reading His figure soon emerged into view, and showed itself to be that of no common laborer, but a tall, emaciated, sallow, and sickly-looking man, dressed in a scholar’s garb of black.

leafnounUS /liːf/

the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path: it seemed as if he was looking into their inmost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.

leavesnounUS /liːvz/

plural of “leaf” — the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading While Giovanni stood at the window he heard a rustling behind a screen of leaves, and became aware that a person was at work in the garden.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading He was beyond the middle term of life, with gray hair, a thin, gray beard, and a face singularly marked with intellect and cultivation, but which could never, even in his more youthful days, have expressed much warmth of heart.

lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path: it seemed as if he was looking into their inmost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path: it seemed as if he was looking into their inmost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading His figure soon emerged into view, and showed itself to be that of no common laborer, but a tall, emaciated, sallow, and sickly-looking man, dressed in a scholar’s garb of black.

markedadjectiveUS /mɑːrkt/

strongly marked; easily noticeable

From this reading He was beyond the middle term of life, with gray hair, a thin, gray beard, and a face singularly marked with intellect and cultivation, but which could never, even in his more youthful days, have expressed much warmth of heart.

middlenounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading He was beyond the middle term of life, with gray hair, a thin, gray beard, and a face singularly marked with intellect and cultivation, but which could never, even in his more youthful days, have expressed much warmth of heart.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading He was beyond the middle term of life, with gray hair, a thin, gray beard, and a face singularly marked with intellect and cultivation, but which could never, even in his more youthful days, have expressed much warmth of heart.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading He was beyond the middle term of life, with gray hair, a thin, gray beard, and a face singularly marked with intellect and cultivation, but which could never, even in his more youthful days, have expressed much warmth of heart.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path: it seemed as if he was looking into their inmost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading He was beyond the middle term of life, with gray hair, a thin, gray beard, and a face singularly marked with intellect and cultivation, but which could never, even in his more youthful days, have expressed much warmth of heart.

NeverthelessadverbUS /ˌnevərðəˈles/

in spite of what has just been said

From this reading Nevertheless, in spite of this deep intelligence on his part, there was no approach to intimacy between himself and these vegetable existences.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading His figure soon emerged into view, and showed itself to be that of no common laborer, but a tall, emaciated, sallow, and sickly-looking man, dressed in a scholar’s garb of black.

NothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path: it seemed as if he was looking into their inmost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.

observationsnounUS /ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃənz/

plural of “observation” — the act of making and recording a measurement

From this reading Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path: it seemed as if he was looking into their inmost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading While Giovanni stood at the window he heard a rustling behind a screen of leaves, and became aware that a person was at work in the garden.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Nevertheless, in spite of this deep intelligence on his part, there was no approach to intimacy between himself and these vegetable existences.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path: it seemed as if he was looking into their inmost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Nevertheless, in spite of this deep intelligence on his part, there was no approach to intimacy between himself and these vegetable existences.

pathnounUS /pæθ/

a course of conduct

From this reading Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path: it seemed as if he was looking into their inmost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.

perfumenounUS /pərˈfjuːm/

a distinctive odor that is pleasant

From this reading Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path: it seemed as if he was looking into their inmost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.

personnounUS /ˈpɜːrsən/

a human being

From this reading While Giovanni stood at the window he heard a rustling behind a screen of leaves, and became aware that a person was at work in the garden.

regardnounUS /rɪˈɡɑːrd/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path: it seemed as if he was looking into their inmost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.

rustlingnounUS /ˈrʌslɪŋ/

the stealing of cattle

From this reading While Giovanni stood at the window he heard a rustling behind a screen of leaves, and became aware that a person was at work in the garden.

sallow

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His figure soon emerged into view, and showed itself to be that of no common laborer, but a tall, emaciated, sallow, and sickly-looking man, dressed in a scholar’s garb of black.

scholar'snounUS /ˈskɑːlərz/

possessive form of “scholar” — a learned person (especially in the humanities); someone who by long study has gained mastery in one or more disciplines

From this reading His figure soon emerged into view, and showed itself to be that of no common laborer, but a tall, emaciated, sallow, and sickly-looking man, dressed in a scholar’s garb of black.

scientificadjectiveUS /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/

of or relating to the practice of science

From this reading Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path: it seemed as if he was looking into their inmost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.

screennounUS /skriːn/

a white or silvered surface where pictures can be projected for viewing

From this reading While Giovanni stood at the window he heard a rustling behind a screen of leaves, and became aware that a person was at work in the garden.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path: it seemed as if he was looking into their inmost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.

shapenounUS /ʃeɪp/

any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline)

From this reading Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path: it seemed as if he was looking into their inmost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.

showedverbUS /ʃoʊd/

past form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading His figure soon emerged into view, and showed itself to be that of no common laborer, but a tall, emaciated, sallow, and sickly-looking man, dressed in a scholar’s garb of black.

shrubnounUS /ʃrʌb/

a low woody perennial plant usually having several major stems

From this reading Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path: it seemed as if he was looking into their inmost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.

sickly-looking

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His figure soon emerged into view, and showed itself to be that of no common laborer, but a tall, emaciated, sallow, and sickly-looking man, dressed in a scholar’s garb of black.

singularlyadverbUS /ˈsɪŋɡjələrli/

in a singular manner or to a singular degree

From this reading He was beyond the middle term of life, with gray hair, a thin, gray beard, and a face singularly marked with intellect and cultivation, but which could never, even in his more youthful days, have expressed much warmth of heart.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading His figure soon emerged into view, and showed itself to be that of no common laborer, but a tall, emaciated, sallow, and sickly-looking man, dressed in a scholar’s garb of black.

spitenounUS /spaɪt/

feeling a need to see others suffer

From this reading Nevertheless, in spite of this deep intelligence on his part, there was no approach to intimacy between himself and these vegetable existences.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading While Giovanni stood at the window he heard a rustling behind a screen of leaves, and became aware that a person was at work in the garden.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path: it seemed as if he was looking into their inmost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.

talladjectiveUS /tɔːl/

great in vertical dimension; high in stature

From this reading His figure soon emerged into view, and showed itself to be that of no common laborer, but a tall, emaciated, sallow, and sickly-looking man, dressed in a scholar’s garb of black.

termnounUS /tɜːrm/

a word or expression used for some particular thing

From this reading He was beyond the middle term of life, with gray hair, a thin, gray beard, and a face singularly marked with intellect and cultivation, but which could never, even in his more youthful days, have expressed much warmth of heart.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading While Giovanni stood at the window he heard a rustling behind a screen of leaves, and became aware that a person was at work in the garden.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading While Giovanni stood at the window he heard a rustling behind a screen of leaves, and became aware that a person was at work in the garden.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path: it seemed as if he was looking into their inmost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path: it seemed as if he was looking into their inmost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Nevertheless, in spite of this deep intelligence on his part, there was no approach to intimacy between himself and these vegetable existences.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Nevertheless, in spite of this deep intelligence on his part, there was no approach to intimacy between himself and these vegetable existences.

thinadjectiveUS /θɪn/

Having little thickness or extent.

From this reading He was beyond the middle term of life, with gray hair, a thin, gray beard, and a face singularly marked with intellect and cultivation, but which could never, even in his more youthful days, have expressed much warmth of heart.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path: it seemed as if he was looking into their inmost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading His figure soon emerged into view, and showed itself to be that of no common laborer, but a tall, emaciated, sallow, and sickly-looking man, dressed in a scholar’s garb of black.

vegetablenounUS /ˈvedʒtəbəl/

edible seeds or roots or stems or leaves or bulbs or tubers or nonsweet fruits of any of numerous herbaceous plant

From this reading Nevertheless, in spite of this deep intelligence on his part, there was no approach to intimacy between himself and these vegetable existences.

viewnounUS /vjuː/

a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading His figure soon emerged into view, and showed itself to be that of no common laborer, but a tall, emaciated, sallow, and sickly-looking man, dressed in a scholar’s garb of black.

warmthnounUS /wɔːrmθ/

the sensation caused by heat energy

From this reading He was beyond the middle term of life, with gray hair, a thin, gray beard, and a face singularly marked with intellect and cultivation, but which could never, even in his more youthful days, have expressed much warmth of heart.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading While Giovanni stood at the window he heard a rustling behind a screen of leaves, and became aware that a person was at work in the garden.

whereforeadverbUS /werˈfɔːr/

an old word meaning “why” or “for that reason”

From this reading Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path: it seemed as if he was looking into their inmost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He was beyond the middle term of life, with gray hair, a thin, gray beard, and a face singularly marked with intellect and cultivation, but which could never, even in his more youthful days, have expressed much warmth of heart.

WhileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading While Giovanni stood at the window he heard a rustling behind a screen of leaves, and became aware that a person was at work in the garden.

whynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path: it seemed as if he was looking into their inmost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.

windownounUS /ˈwɪndoʊ/

a framework of wood or metal that contains a glass windowpane and is built into a wall or roof to admit light or air

From this reading While Giovanni stood at the window he heard a rustling behind a screen of leaves, and became aware that a person was at work in the garden.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He was beyond the middle term of life, with gray hair, a thin, gray beard, and a face singularly marked with intellect and cultivation, but which could never, even in his more youthful days, have expressed much warmth of heart.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading While Giovanni stood at the window he heard a rustling behind a screen of leaves, and became aware that a person was at work in the garden.

youthfuladjectiveUS /ˈjuːθfəl/

suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh

From this reading He was beyond the middle term of life, with gray hair, a thin, gray beard, and a face singularly marked with intellect and cultivation, but which could never, even in his more youthful days, have expressed much warmth of heart.

Chapter 8 of Mosses from an old manse by Nathaniel Hawthorne holds 149 sentences, grouped into 30 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Mosses from an old manse contain?

Chapter 8 holds 149 sentences of Mosses from an old manse, unabridged, divided into 30 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Mosses from an old manse by Nathaniel Hawthorne exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 149 sentences, grouped into 30 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Mosses from an old manse?

Work through the 30 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 30 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Mosses from an old manse

Common questions about reading Mosses from an old manse by Nathaniel Hawthorne on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Mosses from an old manse?

Yes. All 6218 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #512 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Mosses from an old manse is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #512, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Mosses from an old manse take to read?

About 518 minutes of reading across 1244 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Mosses from an old manse section by section

How to work through Mosses from an old manse section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Mosses from an old manse to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Mosses from an old manse

Words and structures a reader meets early in Mosses from an old manse, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Manse
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mosses from an old manse; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Birthmark
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mosses from an old manse; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Select
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mosses from an old manse; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Party
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mosses from an old manse; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.