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Motors
Motors

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Motors is here in full — 149 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Motors
Context Illustration Reading 1/29 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
MOTORS AND MOTIVE POWER What makes the wheels turn round?
This simple question is asked over and over again.
To reply means pages of answers and volumes of explanations.
The Water Fall.--Go with me to the little stream I have in mind, and stand on the crest of the hill where we can see the water pouring down over the falls, and watch it whirling away over the rocks below.
The world was very, very old, before man thought of using the water of the falls, or the rushing stream below, to grind his corn or to render him other service.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Motors

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Motors is here in full — 149 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/29 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
MOTORS AND MOTIVE POWER What makes the wheels turn round?
/ˈmoʊtərz ənd ˈmoʊtɪv ˈpaʊər wʌt meɪks ðə wiːlz tɜːrn raʊnd/
Line 2
This simple question is asked over and over again.
/ðɪs ˈsɪmpəl ˈkwestʃən ɪz æskt ˈoʊvər ənd ˈoʊvər əˈɡen/
Line 3
To reply means pages of answers and volumes of explanations.
/tuː rɪˈplaɪ miːnz ˈpeɪdʒəz ʌv ˈænsərz ənd ˈvɑːljuːmz ʌv ˌekspləˈneɪʃənz/
Line 4
The Water Fall.--Go with me to the little stream I have in mind, and stand on the crest of the hill where we can see the water pouring down over the falls, and watch it whirling away over the rocks below.
Line 5
The world was very, very old, before man thought of using the water of the falls, or the rushing stream below, to grind his corn or to render him other service.
/ðə wɜːrld wɑːz ˈveri ˈveri oʊld bɪˈfɔːr mæn θɔːt ʌv ˈjuːzɪŋ ðə ˈwɔːtər ʌv ðə fɔːlz ɔːr ðə ˈrʌʃɪŋ striːm bɪˈloʊ tuː ɡraɪnd hɪz kɔːrn ɔːr tuː ˈrendər hɪm ˈʌðər ˈsɜːrvəs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

answers noun US /ˈænsərz/

plural of “answer” — a statement (either spoken or written) that is made to reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation

From this reading “To reply means pages of answers and volumes of explanations.”

crest noun US /krest/

the top line of a hill, mountain, or wave

From this reading “The Water Fall.--Go with me to the little stream I have in mind, and stand on the crest of the hill where we can see the water pouring down over the falls, and watch it whirling away over the rocks below.”

explanations noun US /ˌekspləˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “explanation” — a statement that makes something comprehensible by describing the relevant structure or operation or circumstances etc.

From this reading “To reply means pages of answers and volumes of explanations.”

grind verb US /ɡraɪnd/

press or grind with a crushing noise

From this reading “The world was very, very old, before man thought of using the water of the falls, or the rushing stream below, to grind his corn or to render him other service.”

motors noun US /ˈmoʊtərz/

plural of “motor” — machine that converts other forms of energy into mechanical energy and so imparts motion

From this reading “MOTORS AND MOTIVE POWER What makes the wheels turn round?”

pouring adjective US /ˈpɔːrɪŋ/

flowing profusely

From this reading “The Water Fall.--Go with me to the little stream I have in mind, and stand on the crest of the hill where we can see the water pouring down over the falls, and watch it whirling away over the rocks below.”

volumes noun US /ˈvɑːljuːmz/

plural of “volume” — the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading “To reply means pages of answers and volumes of explanations.”

whirling noun US /ˈwɜːrlɪŋ/

the act of rotating in a circle or spiral

From this reading “The Water Fall.--Go with me to the little stream I have in mind, and stand on the crest of the hill where we can see the water pouring down over the falls, and watch it whirling away over the rocks below.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

rushing stream noun + noun

In this reading “The world was very, very old, before man thought of using the water of the falls, or the rushing stream below, to grind his corn or to render him other service.”

MOTIVE POWER noun + noun

the power or ability to move

In this reading “MOTORS AND MOTIVE POWER What makes the wheels turn round?”

turn round verb + noun

In this reading “MOTORS AND MOTIVE POWER What makes the wheels turn round?”

on the crest preposition + article + noun counted as “on … crest”

In this reading “The Water Fall.--Go with me to the little stream I have in mind, and stand on the crest of the hill where we can see the water pouring down over the falls, and watch it whirling away over the rocks below.”

little stream adjective + noun

In this reading “The Water Fall.--Go with me to the little stream I have in mind, and stand on the crest of the hill where we can see the water pouring down over the falls, and watch it whirling away over the rocks below.”

over again preposition + adverb

anew

In this reading “This simple question is asked over and over again.”

stand on verb + particle

In this reading “The Water Fall.--Go with me to the little stream I have in mind, and stand on the crest of the hill where we can see the water pouring down over the falls, and watch it whirling away over the rocks below.”

over the rocks preposition + article + noun counted as “over … rock”

In this reading “The Water Fall.--Go with me to the little stream I have in mind, and stand on the crest of the hill where we can see the water pouring down over the falls, and watch it whirling away over the rocks below.”

All words in this reading · 70

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading This simple question is asked over and over again.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading MOTORS AND MOTIVE POWER What makes the wheels turn round?

answersnounUS /ˈænsərz/

plural of “answer” — a statement (either spoken or written) that is made to reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation

From this reading To reply means pages of answers and volumes of explanations.

askedverbUS /æskt/

past form of “ask” — make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading This simple question is asked over and over again.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading The Water Fall.--Go with me to the little stream I have in mind, and stand on the crest of the hill where we can see the water pouring down over the falls, and watch it whirling away over the rocks below.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The world was very, very old, before man thought of using the water of the falls, or the rushing stream below, to grind his corn or to render him other service.

belowprepositionUS /bɪˈloʊ/

at or to a lower level than something

From this reading The Water Fall.--Go with me to the little stream I have in mind, and stand on the crest of the hill where we can see the water pouring down over the falls, and watch it whirling away over the rocks below.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading The Water Fall.--Go with me to the little stream I have in mind, and stand on the crest of the hill where we can see the water pouring down over the falls, and watch it whirling away over the rocks below.

cornnounUS /kɔːrn/

tall annual cereal grass bearing kernels on large ears: widely cultivated in America in many varieties; the principal cereal in Mexico and Central and South America since pre-Columbian times

From this reading The world was very, very old, before man thought of using the water of the falls, or the rushing stream below, to grind his corn or to render him other service.

crestnounUS /krest/

the top line of a hill, mountain, or wave

From this reading The Water Fall.--Go with me to the little stream I have in mind, and stand on the crest of the hill where we can see the water pouring down over the falls, and watch it whirling away over the rocks below.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading The Water Fall.--Go with me to the little stream I have in mind, and stand on the crest of the hill where we can see the water pouring down over the falls, and watch it whirling away over the rocks below.

explanationsnounUS /ˌekspləˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “explanation” — a statement that makes something comprehensible by describing the relevant structure or operation or circumstances etc.

From this reading To reply means pages of answers and volumes of explanations.

FallverbUS /fɔːl/

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity

From this reading The Water Fall.--Go with me to the little stream I have in mind, and stand on the crest of the hill where we can see the water pouring down over the falls, and watch it whirling away over the rocks below.

fallsnounUS /fɔːlz/

the petals or sepals of a flower that bend downward (especially the outer perianth of an iris)

From this reading The Water Fall.--Go with me to the little stream I have in mind, and stand on the crest of the hill where we can see the water pouring down over the falls, and watch it whirling away over the rocks below.

GoverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading The Water Fall.--Go with me to the little stream I have in mind, and stand on the crest of the hill where we can see the water pouring down over the falls, and watch it whirling away over the rocks below.

grindverbUS /ɡraɪnd/

press or grind with a crushing noise

From this reading The world was very, very old, before man thought of using the water of the falls, or the rushing stream below, to grind his corn or to render him other service.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The Water Fall.--Go with me to the little stream I have in mind, and stand on the crest of the hill where we can see the water pouring down over the falls, and watch it whirling away over the rocks below.

hillnounUS /hɪl/

a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading The Water Fall.--Go with me to the little stream I have in mind, and stand on the crest of the hill where we can see the water pouring down over the falls, and watch it whirling away over the rocks below.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The world was very, very old, before man thought of using the water of the falls, or the rushing stream below, to grind his corn or to render him other service.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The world was very, very old, before man thought of using the water of the falls, or the rushing stream below, to grind his corn or to render him other service.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading The Water Fall.--Go with me to the little stream I have in mind, and stand on the crest of the hill where we can see the water pouring down over the falls, and watch it whirling away over the rocks below.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Water Fall.--Go with me to the little stream I have in mind, and stand on the crest of the hill where we can see the water pouring down over the falls, and watch it whirling away over the rocks below.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This simple question is asked over and over again.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The Water Fall.--Go with me to the little stream I have in mind, and stand on the crest of the hill where we can see the water pouring down over the falls, and watch it whirling away over the rocks below.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The Water Fall.--Go with me to the little stream I have in mind, and stand on the crest of the hill where we can see the water pouring down over the falls, and watch it whirling away over the rocks below.

makesnounUS /meɪks/

plural of “make” — a recognizable kind

From this reading MOTORS AND MOTIVE POWER What makes the wheels turn round?

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The world was very, very old, before man thought of using the water of the falls, or the rushing stream below, to grind his corn or to render him other service.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The Water Fall.--Go with me to the little stream I have in mind, and stand on the crest of the hill where we can see the water pouring down over the falls, and watch it whirling away over the rocks below.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading To reply means pages of answers and volumes of explanations.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading The Water Fall.--Go with me to the little stream I have in mind, and stand on the crest of the hill where we can see the water pouring down over the falls, and watch it whirling away over the rocks below.

MOTIVEnounUS /ˈmoʊtɪv/

the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action; that which gives purpose and direction to behavior

From this reading MOTORS AND MOTIVE POWER What makes the wheels turn round?

MOTORSnounUS /ˈmoʊtərz/

plural of “motor” — machine that converts other forms of energy into mechanical energy and so imparts motion

From this reading MOTORS AND MOTIVE POWER What makes the wheels turn round?

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading To reply means pages of answers and volumes of explanations.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading The world was very, very old, before man thought of using the water of the falls, or the rushing stream below, to grind his corn or to render him other service.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The Water Fall.--Go with me to the little stream I have in mind, and stand on the crest of the hill where we can see the water pouring down over the falls, and watch it whirling away over the rocks below.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The world was very, very old, before man thought of using the water of the falls, or the rushing stream below, to grind his corn or to render him other service.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The world was very, very old, before man thought of using the water of the falls, or the rushing stream below, to grind his corn or to render him other service.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading This simple question is asked over and over again.

pagesnounUS /ˈpeɪdʒəz/

plural of “page” — one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains

From this reading To reply means pages of answers and volumes of explanations.

pouringadjectiveUS /ˈpɔːrɪŋ/

flowing profusely

From this reading The Water Fall.--Go with me to the little stream I have in mind, and stand on the crest of the hill where we can see the water pouring down over the falls, and watch it whirling away over the rocks below.

POWERnounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading MOTORS AND MOTIVE POWER What makes the wheels turn round?

questionverbUS /ˈkwestʃən/

challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading This simple question is asked over and over again.

renderverbUS /ˈrendər/

cause to become

From this reading The world was very, very old, before man thought of using the water of the falls, or the rushing stream below, to grind his corn or to render him other service.

replynounUS /rɪˈplaɪ/

a statement (either spoken or written) that is made to reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation

From this reading To reply means pages of answers and volumes of explanations.

rocksnounUS /rɑːks/

plural of “rock” — a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading The Water Fall.--Go with me to the little stream I have in mind, and stand on the crest of the hill where we can see the water pouring down over the falls, and watch it whirling away over the rocks below.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading MOTORS AND MOTIVE POWER What makes the wheels turn round?

rushingnounUS /ˈrʌʃɪŋ/

(American football) an attempt to advance the ball by running into the line

From this reading The world was very, very old, before man thought of using the water of the falls, or the rushing stream below, to grind his corn or to render him other service.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading The Water Fall.--Go with me to the little stream I have in mind, and stand on the crest of the hill where we can see the water pouring down over the falls, and watch it whirling away over the rocks below.

servicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading The world was very, very old, before man thought of using the water of the falls, or the rushing stream below, to grind his corn or to render him other service.

simpleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪmpəl/

having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved

From this reading This simple question is asked over and over again.

standverbUS /stænd/

be standing; be upright

From this reading The Water Fall.--Go with me to the little stream I have in mind, and stand on the crest of the hill where we can see the water pouring down over the falls, and watch it whirling away over the rocks below.

streamnounUS /striːm/

a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth

From this reading The Water Fall.--Go with me to the little stream I have in mind, and stand on the crest of the hill where we can see the water pouring down over the falls, and watch it whirling away over the rocks below.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading MOTORS AND MOTIVE POWER What makes the wheels turn round?

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This simple question is asked over and over again.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading The world was very, very old, before man thought of using the water of the falls, or the rushing stream below, to grind his corn or to render him other service.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading To reply means pages of answers and volumes of explanations.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading MOTORS AND MOTIVE POWER What makes the wheels turn round?

usingnounUS /ˈjuːzɪŋ/

an act that exploits or victimizes someone (treats them unfairly)

From this reading The world was very, very old, before man thought of using the water of the falls, or the rushing stream below, to grind his corn or to render him other service.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The world was very, very old, before man thought of using the water of the falls, or the rushing stream below, to grind his corn or to render him other service.

volumesnounUS /ˈvɑːljuːmz/

plural of “volume” — the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading To reply means pages of answers and volumes of explanations.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The world was very, very old, before man thought of using the water of the falls, or the rushing stream below, to grind his corn or to render him other service.

watchverbUS /wɑːtʃ/

look attentively

From this reading The Water Fall.--Go with me to the little stream I have in mind, and stand on the crest of the hill where we can see the water pouring down over the falls, and watch it whirling away over the rocks below.

WaternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading The Water Fall.--Go with me to the little stream I have in mind, and stand on the crest of the hill where we can see the water pouring down over the falls, and watch it whirling away over the rocks below.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading The Water Fall.--Go with me to the little stream I have in mind, and stand on the crest of the hill where we can see the water pouring down over the falls, and watch it whirling away over the rocks below.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading MOTORS AND MOTIVE POWER What makes the wheels turn round?

wheelsnounUS /wiːlz/

plural of “wheel” — a simple machine consisting of a circular frame with spokes (or a solid disc) that can rotate on a shaft or axle (as in vehicles or other machines)

From this reading MOTORS AND MOTIVE POWER What makes the wheels turn round?

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading The Water Fall.--Go with me to the little stream I have in mind, and stand on the crest of the hill where we can see the water pouring down over the falls, and watch it whirling away over the rocks below.

whirlingnounUS /ˈwɜːrlɪŋ/

the act of rotating in a circle or spiral

From this reading The Water Fall.--Go with me to the little stream I have in mind, and stand on the crest of the hill where we can see the water pouring down over the falls, and watch it whirling away over the rocks below.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The Water Fall.--Go with me to the little stream I have in mind, and stand on the crest of the hill where we can see the water pouring down over the falls, and watch it whirling away over the rocks below.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading The world was very, very old, before man thought of using the water of the falls, or the rushing stream below, to grind his corn or to render him other service.

Chapter 2 of Motors by James Slough Zerbe holds 149 sentences, grouped into 30 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Motors contain?

Chapter 2 holds 149 sentences of Motors, unabridged, divided into 30 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Motors by James Slough Zerbe exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 149 sentences, grouped into 30 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Motors?

Work through the 30 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 30 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Motors

Common questions about reading Motors by James Slough Zerbe on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Motors?

Yes. All 1812 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #42369 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Motors is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #42369, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Motors take to read?

About 151 minutes of reading across 363 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Motors section by section

How to work through Motors section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 16 chapters of Motors to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Motors

Words and structures a reader meets early in Motors, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Italic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Motors; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Denoted
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Motors; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Underscores
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Motors; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Equal
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Motors; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.