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Motors
Motors

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Motors is here in full — 127 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Motors
Context Illustration Reading 1/25 · 5 lines
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IGNITION.
LOW TENSION SYSTEM Electricity, that subtle force, which manifests itself in so many ways, is nevertheless beyond the power of man to see.
The only way in which we know of its presence is by the results produced by its movements, because it can make itself known to our senses only by some form of motion.
The authorities regard light, heat and electricity as merely different forms of motion.
The most that can be done with such a force is to learn the laws governing it.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Motors

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Motors is here in full — 127 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/25 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
IGNITION.
/ˌɪɡˈnɪʃən/
Line 2
LOW TENSION SYSTEM Electricity, that subtle force, which manifests itself in so many ways, is nevertheless beyond the power of man to see.
/loʊ ˈtenʃən ˈsɪstəm ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti ðæt ˈsʌtəl fɔːrs wɪtʃ ˈmænəfests ˌɪtˈself ɪn soʊ ˈmeni weɪz ɪz ˌnevərðəˈles bɪˈɑːnd ðə ˈpaʊər ʌv mæn tuː siː/
Line 3
The only way in which we know of its presence is by the results produced by its movements, because it can make itself known to our senses only by some form of motion.
/ðə ˈoʊnli weɪ ɪn wɪtʃ wiː noʊ ʌv ɪts ˈprezəns ɪz baɪ ðə rɪˈzʌlts prəˈduːst baɪ ɪts ˈmuːvmənts bɪˈkɔːz ɪt kæn meɪk ˌɪtˈself noʊn tuː ˈaʊər ˈsensɪz ˈoʊnli baɪ sʌm fɔːrm ʌv ˈmoʊʃən/
Line 4
The authorities regard light, heat and electricity as merely different forms of motion.
/ðə əˈθɔːrətiz rɪˈɡɑːrd laɪt hiːt ənd ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti æz ˈmɪrli ˈdɪfərənt fɔːrmz ʌv ˈmoʊʃən/
Line 5
The most that can be done with such a force is to learn the laws governing it.
/ðə moʊst ðæt kæn biː dʌn wɪð sʌtʃ ə fɔːrs ɪz tuː lɜːrn ðə lɔːz ˈɡʌvərnɪŋ ɪt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

authorities noun US /əˈθɔːrətiz/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading “The authorities regard light, heat and electricity as merely different forms of motion.”

electricity noun US /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/

a physical phenomenon associated with stationary or moving electrons and protons

From this reading “LOW TENSION SYSTEM Electricity, that subtle force, which manifests itself in so many ways, is nevertheless beyond the power of man to see.”

governing adjective US /ˈɡʌvərnɪŋ/

responsible for making and enforcing rules and laws

From this reading “The most that can be done with such a force is to learn the laws governing it.”

ignition noun US /ˌɪɡˈnɪʃən/

the process of initiating combustion or catching fire

From this reading “IGNITION.”

manifests noun US /ˈmænəfests/

plural of “manifest” — a customs document listing the contents put on a ship or plane

From this reading “LOW TENSION SYSTEM Electricity, that subtle force, which manifests itself in so many ways, is nevertheless beyond the power of man to see.”

results noun US /rɪˈzʌlts/

plural of “result” — a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading “The only way in which we know of its presence is by the results produced by its movements, because it can make itself known to our senses only by some form of motion.”

subtle adjective US /ˈsʌtəl/

difficult to detect or grasp by the mind or analyze

From this reading “LOW TENSION SYSTEM Electricity, that subtle force, which manifests itself in so many ways, is nevertheless beyond the power of man to see.”

tension noun US /ˈtenʃən/

(psychology) a state of mental or emotional strain or suspense

From this reading “LOW TENSION SYSTEM Electricity, that subtle force, which manifests itself in so many ways, is nevertheless beyond the power of man to see.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

many ways adjective + noun

In this reading “LOW TENSION SYSTEM Electricity, that subtle force, which manifests itself in so many ways, is nevertheless beyond the power of man to see.”

beyond the power preposition + article + noun counted as “beyond … power”

In this reading “LOW TENSION SYSTEM Electricity, that subtle force, which manifests itself in so many ways, is nevertheless beyond the power of man to see.”

different forms adjective + noun counted as “different form”

In this reading “The authorities regard light, heat and electricity as merely different forms of motion.”

produced by verb + particle counted as “produce by”

In this reading “The only way in which we know of its presence is by the results produced by its movements, because it can make itself known to our senses only by some form of motion.”

All words in this reading · 62

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The most that can be done with such a force is to learn the laws governing it.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The authorities regard light, heat and electricity as merely different forms of motion.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The authorities regard light, heat and electricity as merely different forms of motion.

authoritiesnounUS /əˈθɔːrətiz/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading The authorities regard light, heat and electricity as merely different forms of motion.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The most that can be done with such a force is to learn the laws governing it.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading The only way in which we know of its presence is by the results produced by its movements, because it can make itself known to our senses only by some form of motion.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading LOW TENSION SYSTEM Electricity, that subtle force, which manifests itself in so many ways, is nevertheless beyond the power of man to see.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The only way in which we know of its presence is by the results produced by its movements, because it can make itself known to our senses only by some form of motion.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading The only way in which we know of its presence is by the results produced by its movements, because it can make itself known to our senses only by some form of motion.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading The authorities regard light, heat and electricity as merely different forms of motion.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading The most that can be done with such a force is to learn the laws governing it.

ElectricitynounUS /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/

a physical phenomenon associated with stationary or moving electrons and protons

From this reading LOW TENSION SYSTEM Electricity, that subtle force, which manifests itself in so many ways, is nevertheless beyond the power of man to see.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading LOW TENSION SYSTEM Electricity, that subtle force, which manifests itself in so many ways, is nevertheless beyond the power of man to see.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading The only way in which we know of its presence is by the results produced by its movements, because it can make itself known to our senses only by some form of motion.

formsnounUS /fɔːrmz/

plural of “form” — the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading The authorities regard light, heat and electricity as merely different forms of motion.

governingadjectiveUS /ˈɡʌvərnɪŋ/

responsible for making and enforcing rules and laws

From this reading The most that can be done with such a force is to learn the laws governing it.

heatnounUS /hiːt/

a form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature

From this reading The authorities regard light, heat and electricity as merely different forms of motion.

IGNITIONnounUS /ˌɪɡˈnɪʃən/

the process of initiating combustion or catching fire

From this reading IGNITION.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading LOW TENSION SYSTEM Electricity, that subtle force, which manifests itself in so many ways, is nevertheless beyond the power of man to see.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading LOW TENSION SYSTEM Electricity, that subtle force, which manifests itself in so many ways, is nevertheless beyond the power of man to see.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The only way in which we know of its presence is by the results produced by its movements, because it can make itself known to our senses only by some form of motion.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The only way in which we know of its presence is by the results produced by its movements, because it can make itself known to our senses only by some form of motion.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading LOW TENSION SYSTEM Electricity, that subtle force, which manifests itself in so many ways, is nevertheless beyond the power of man to see.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading The only way in which we know of its presence is by the results produced by its movements, because it can make itself known to our senses only by some form of motion.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading The only way in which we know of its presence is by the results produced by its movements, because it can make itself known to our senses only by some form of motion.

lawsnounUS /lɔːz/

the first of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures comprising the first five books of the Hebrew Bible considered as a unit

From this reading The most that can be done with such a force is to learn the laws governing it.

learnverbUS /lɜːrn/

gain knowledge or skills

From this reading The most that can be done with such a force is to learn the laws governing it.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading The authorities regard light, heat and electricity as merely different forms of motion.

LOWadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading LOW TENSION SYSTEM Electricity, that subtle force, which manifests itself in so many ways, is nevertheless beyond the power of man to see.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading The only way in which we know of its presence is by the results produced by its movements, because it can make itself known to our senses only by some form of motion.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading LOW TENSION SYSTEM Electricity, that subtle force, which manifests itself in so many ways, is nevertheless beyond the power of man to see.

manifestsnounUS /ˈmænəfests/

plural of “manifest” — a customs document listing the contents put on a ship or plane

From this reading LOW TENSION SYSTEM Electricity, that subtle force, which manifests itself in so many ways, is nevertheless beyond the power of man to see.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading LOW TENSION SYSTEM Electricity, that subtle force, which manifests itself in so many ways, is nevertheless beyond the power of man to see.

merelyadverbUS /ˈmɪrli/

and nothing more

From this reading The authorities regard light, heat and electricity as merely different forms of motion.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The most that can be done with such a force is to learn the laws governing it.

motionnounUS /ˈmoʊʃən/

the use of movements (especially of the hands) to communicate familiar or prearranged signals

From this reading The only way in which we know of its presence is by the results produced by its movements, because it can make itself known to our senses only by some form of motion.

movementsnounUS /ˈmuːvmənts/

plural of “movement” — a change of position that does not entail a change of location

From this reading The only way in which we know of its presence is by the results produced by its movements, because it can make itself known to our senses only by some form of motion.

neverthelessadverbUS /ˌnevərðəˈles/

in spite of what has just been said

From this reading LOW TENSION SYSTEM Electricity, that subtle force, which manifests itself in so many ways, is nevertheless beyond the power of man to see.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading LOW TENSION SYSTEM Electricity, that subtle force, which manifests itself in so many ways, is nevertheless beyond the power of man to see.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The only way in which we know of its presence is by the results produced by its movements, because it can make itself known to our senses only by some form of motion.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading The only way in which we know of its presence is by the results produced by its movements, because it can make itself known to our senses only by some form of motion.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading LOW TENSION SYSTEM Electricity, that subtle force, which manifests itself in so many ways, is nevertheless beyond the power of man to see.

presencenounUS /ˈprezəns/

the state of being present; current existence

From this reading The only way in which we know of its presence is by the results produced by its movements, because it can make itself known to our senses only by some form of motion.

producedverbUS /prəˈduːst/

past form of “produce” — bring forth or yield

From this reading The only way in which we know of its presence is by the results produced by its movements, because it can make itself known to our senses only by some form of motion.

regardnounUS /rɪˈɡɑːrd/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading The authorities regard light, heat and electricity as merely different forms of motion.

resultsnounUS /rɪˈzʌlts/

plural of “result” — a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading The only way in which we know of its presence is by the results produced by its movements, because it can make itself known to our senses only by some form of motion.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading LOW TENSION SYSTEM Electricity, that subtle force, which manifests itself in so many ways, is nevertheless beyond the power of man to see.

sensesnounUS /ˈsensɪz/

plural of “sens” — street names for marijuana

From this reading The only way in which we know of its presence is by the results produced by its movements, because it can make itself known to our senses only by some form of motion.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading LOW TENSION SYSTEM Electricity, that subtle force, which manifests itself in so many ways, is nevertheless beyond the power of man to see.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The only way in which we know of its presence is by the results produced by its movements, because it can make itself known to our senses only by some form of motion.

subtleadjectiveUS /ˈsʌtəl/

difficult to detect or grasp by the mind or analyze

From this reading LOW TENSION SYSTEM Electricity, that subtle force, which manifests itself in so many ways, is nevertheless beyond the power of man to see.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading The most that can be done with such a force is to learn the laws governing it.

SYSTEMnounUS /ˈsɪstəm/

instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading LOW TENSION SYSTEM Electricity, that subtle force, which manifests itself in so many ways, is nevertheless beyond the power of man to see.

TENSIONnounUS /ˈtenʃən/

(psychology) a state of mental or emotional strain or suspense

From this reading LOW TENSION SYSTEM Electricity, that subtle force, which manifests itself in so many ways, is nevertheless beyond the power of man to see.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading LOW TENSION SYSTEM Electricity, that subtle force, which manifests itself in so many ways, is nevertheless beyond the power of man to see.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading LOW TENSION SYSTEM Electricity, that subtle force, which manifests itself in so many ways, is nevertheless beyond the power of man to see.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading LOW TENSION SYSTEM Electricity, that subtle force, which manifests itself in so many ways, is nevertheless beyond the power of man to see.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The only way in which we know of its presence is by the results produced by its movements, because it can make itself known to our senses only by some form of motion.

waysnounUS /weɪz/

structure consisting of a sloping way down to the water from the place where ships are built or repaired

From this reading LOW TENSION SYSTEM Electricity, that subtle force, which manifests itself in so many ways, is nevertheless beyond the power of man to see.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading The only way in which we know of its presence is by the results produced by its movements, because it can make itself known to our senses only by some form of motion.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading LOW TENSION SYSTEM Electricity, that subtle force, which manifests itself in so many ways, is nevertheless beyond the power of man to see.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The most that can be done with such a force is to learn the laws governing it.

Chapter 8 of Motors by James Slough Zerbe holds 127 sentences, grouped into 26 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Motors contain?

Chapter 8 holds 127 sentences of Motors, unabridged, divided into 26 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Motors by James Slough Zerbe exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 127 sentences, grouped into 26 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Motors?

Work through the 26 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 26 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Motors

Common questions about reading Motors by James Slough Zerbe on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Motors?

Yes. All 1812 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #42369 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Motors is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #42369, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Motors take to read?

About 151 minutes of reading across 363 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Motors section by section

How to work through Motors section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 16 chapters of Motors to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Motors

Words and structures a reader meets early in Motors, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Italic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Motors; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Denoted
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Motors; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Underscores
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Motors; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Equal
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Motors; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.