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Motors
Motors

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of Motors is here in full — 34 sentences across 7 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/6 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
CAMS AND ECCENTRICS More or less confusion arises from the terms _cams_ and _eccentrics_.
A cam is a wheel which may be either regular in shape, like a _heart-wheel_, or irregular, like a _wiper-wheel_.
The object in all forms of cams is to change motion from a regular into an irregular, or reversely, and the motion may be accelerated or retarded at certain points, or inverted into an intermittent or reciprocating movement, dependent on the shape of the cam.
A cam may be in the shape of a slotted or grooved plate, like the needle bar of a sewing machine, where a crank pin works in the slot, and this transmits an irregular vertical movement to the needle.
A cam may have its edge provided with teeth, which engage with the teeth of the engaging wheel, and thus impart, not only an irregular motion but also a turning movement, such forms being largely used to give a quickly rising or falling motion.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Motors

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of Motors is here in full — 34 sentences across 7 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/6 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
CAMS AND ECCENTRICS More or less confusion arises from the terms _cams_ and _eccentrics_.
/kæmz ənd ɪkˈsentrɪks mɔːr ɔːr les kənˈfjuːʒən ərˈaɪzəz frʌm ðə tɜːrmz kæmz ənd ɪkˈsentrɪks/
Line 2
A cam is a wheel which may be either regular in shape, like a _heart-wheel_, or irregular, like a _wiper-wheel_.
Line 3
The object in all forms of cams is to change motion from a regular into an irregular, or reversely, and the motion may be accelerated or retarded at certain points, or inverted into an intermittent or reciprocating movement, dependent on the shape of the cam.
Line 4
A cam may be in the shape of a slotted or grooved plate, like the needle bar of a sewing machine, where a crank pin works in the slot, and this transmits an irregular vertical movement to the needle.
Line 5
A cam may have its edge provided with teeth, which engage with the teeth of the engaging wheel, and thus impart, not only an irregular motion but also a turning movement, such forms being largely used to give a quickly rising or falling motion.
/ə kæm meɪ hæv ɪts edʒ prəˈvaɪdɪd wɪð tiːθ wɪtʃ enˈɡeɪdʒ wɪð ðə tiːθ ʌv ðə enˈɡeɪdʒɪŋ wiːl ənd ðʌs ˌɪmˈpɑːrt nɑːt ˈoʊnli æn ˌɪˈreɡjələr ˈmoʊʃən bʌt ˈɔːlsoʊ ə ˈtɜːrnɪŋ ˈmuːvmənt sʌtʃ fɔːrmz ˈbiːɪŋ ˈlɑːrdʒli juːzd tuː ɡɪv ə ˈkwɪkli ˈraɪzɪŋ ɔːr ˈfɑːlɪŋ ˈmoʊʃən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

accelerated adjective US /ækˈseləreɪtɪd/

speeded up, as of an academic course

From this reading “The object in all forms of cams is to change motion from a regular into an irregular, or reversely, and the motion may be accelerated or retarded at certain points, or inverted into an intermittent or reciprocating movement, dependent on the shape of the cam.”

cams noun US /kæmz/

plural of “cam” — a river in east central England that flows past Cambridge to join the Ouse River

From this reading “CAMS AND ECCENTRICS More or less confusion arises from the terms _cams_ and _eccentrics_.”

eccentrics noun US /ɪkˈsentrɪks/

plural of “eccentric” — a person with an unusual or odd personality

From this reading “CAMS AND ECCENTRICS More or less confusion arises from the terms _cams_ and _eccentrics_.”

reciprocating verb US /rɪˈsɪprəkeɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “reciprocate” — act, feel, or give mutually or in return

From this reading “The object in all forms of cams is to change motion from a regular into an irregular, or reversely, and the motion may be accelerated or retarded at certain points, or inverted into an intermittent or reciprocating movement, dependent on the shape of the cam.”

retarded adjective US /rɪˈtɑːrdɪd/

relatively slow in mental or emotional or physical development

From this reading “The object in all forms of cams is to change motion from a regular into an irregular, or reversely, and the motion may be accelerated or retarded at certain points, or inverted into an intermittent or reciprocating movement, dependent on the shape of the cam.”

slot noun US /slɑːt/

a position in a grammatical linguistic construction in which a variety of alternative units are interchangeable

From this reading “A cam may be in the shape of a slotted or grooved plate, like the needle bar of a sewing machine, where a crank pin works in the slot, and this transmits an irregular vertical movement to the needle.”

slotted verb US /ˈslɑːtɪd/

inflected form of “slot” — assign a time slot

From this reading “A cam may be in the shape of a slotted or grooved plate, like the needle bar of a sewing machine, where a crank pin works in the slot, and this transmits an irregular vertical movement to the needle.”

transmits verb US /trænzˈmɪts/

third-person singular of “transmit” — transfer to another

From this reading “A cam may be in the shape of a slotted or grooved plate, like the needle bar of a sewing machine, where a crank pin works in the slot, and this transmits an irregular vertical movement to the needle.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

sewing machine noun + noun

a textile machine used as a home appliance for sewing

In this reading “A cam may be in the shape of a slotted or grooved plate, like the needle bar of a sewing machine, where a crank pin works in the slot, and this transmits an irregular vertical movement to the needle.”

arises from verb + particle counted as “arise from”

In this reading “CAMS AND ECCENTRICS More or less confusion arises from the terms _cams_ and _eccentrics_.”

certain points adjective + noun counted as “certain point”

In this reading “The object in all forms of cams is to change motion from a regular into an irregular, or reversely, and the motion may be accelerated or retarded at certain points, or inverted into an intermittent or reciprocating movement, dependent on the shape of the cam.”

provided with verb + particle counted as “provide with”

In this reading “A cam may have its edge provided with teeth, which engage with the teeth of the engaging wheel, and thus impart, not only an irregular motion but also a turning movement, such forms being largely used to give a quickly rising or falling motion.”

in the shape preposition + article + noun counted as “in … shape”

In this reading “A cam may be in the shape of a slotted or grooved plate, like the needle bar of a sewing machine, where a crank pin works in the slot, and this transmits an irregular vertical movement to the needle.”

All words in this reading · 85

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A cam is a wheel which may be either regular in shape, like a _heart-wheel_, or irregular, like a _wiper-wheel_.

acceleratedadjectiveUS /ækˈseləreɪtɪd/

speeded up, as of an academic course

From this reading The object in all forms of cams is to change motion from a regular into an irregular, or reversely, and the motion may be accelerated or retarded at certain points, or inverted into an intermittent or reciprocating movement, dependent on the shape of the cam.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The object in all forms of cams is to change motion from a regular into an irregular, or reversely, and the motion may be accelerated or retarded at certain points, or inverted into an intermittent or reciprocating movement, dependent on the shape of the cam.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading A cam may have its edge provided with teeth, which engage with the teeth of the engaging wheel, and thus impart, not only an irregular motion but also a turning movement, such forms being largely used to give a quickly rising or falling motion.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The object in all forms of cams is to change motion from a regular into an irregular, or reversely, and the motion may be accelerated or retarded at certain points, or inverted into an intermittent or reciprocating movement, dependent on the shape of the cam.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading CAMS AND ECCENTRICS More or less confusion arises from the terms _cams_ and _eccentrics_.

arisesverbUS /ərˈaɪzəz/

third-person singular of “arise” — come into existence; take on form or shape

From this reading CAMS AND ECCENTRICS More or less confusion arises from the terms _cams_ and _eccentrics_.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The object in all forms of cams is to change motion from a regular into an irregular, or reversely, and the motion may be accelerated or retarded at certain points, or inverted into an intermittent or reciprocating movement, dependent on the shape of the cam.

barnounUS /bɑːr/

a room or establishment where alcoholic drinks are served over a counter

From this reading A cam may be in the shape of a slotted or grooved plate, like the needle bar of a sewing machine, where a crank pin works in the slot, and this transmits an irregular vertical movement to the needle.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading A cam is a wheel which may be either regular in shape, like a _heart-wheel_, or irregular, like a _wiper-wheel_.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading A cam may have its edge provided with teeth, which engage with the teeth of the engaging wheel, and thus impart, not only an irregular motion but also a turning movement, such forms being largely used to give a quickly rising or falling motion.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading A cam may have its edge provided with teeth, which engage with the teeth of the engaging wheel, and thus impart, not only an irregular motion but also a turning movement, such forms being largely used to give a quickly rising or falling motion.

camnounUS /kæm/

a river in east central England that flows past Cambridge to join the Ouse River

From this reading A cam is a wheel which may be either regular in shape, like a _heart-wheel_, or irregular, like a _wiper-wheel_.

CAMSnounUS /kæmz/

plural of “cam” — a river in east central England that flows past Cambridge to join the Ouse River

From this reading CAMS AND ECCENTRICS More or less confusion arises from the terms _cams_ and _eccentrics_.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading The object in all forms of cams is to change motion from a regular into an irregular, or reversely, and the motion may be accelerated or retarded at certain points, or inverted into an intermittent or reciprocating movement, dependent on the shape of the cam.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading The object in all forms of cams is to change motion from a regular into an irregular, or reversely, and the motion may be accelerated or retarded at certain points, or inverted into an intermittent or reciprocating movement, dependent on the shape of the cam.

confusionnounUS /kənˈfjuːʒən/

disorder resulting from a failure to behave predictably

From this reading CAMS AND ECCENTRICS More or less confusion arises from the terms _cams_ and _eccentrics_.

crankverbUS /kræŋk/

travel along a zigzag path

From this reading A cam may be in the shape of a slotted or grooved plate, like the needle bar of a sewing machine, where a crank pin works in the slot, and this transmits an irregular vertical movement to the needle.

dependentadjectiveUS /dɪˈpendənt/

relying on or requiring a person or thing for support, supply, or what is needed

From this reading The object in all forms of cams is to change motion from a regular into an irregular, or reversely, and the motion may be accelerated or retarded at certain points, or inverted into an intermittent or reciprocating movement, dependent on the shape of the cam.

ECCENTRICSnounUS /ɪkˈsentrɪks/

plural of “eccentric” — a person with an unusual or odd personality

From this reading CAMS AND ECCENTRICS More or less confusion arises from the terms _cams_ and _eccentrics_.

edgenounUS /edʒ/

the boundary of a surface

From this reading A cam may have its edge provided with teeth, which engage with the teeth of the engaging wheel, and thus impart, not only an irregular motion but also a turning movement, such forms being largely used to give a quickly rising or falling motion.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading A cam is a wheel which may be either regular in shape, like a _heart-wheel_, or irregular, like a _wiper-wheel_.

engageverbUS /enˈɡeɪdʒ/

carry out or participate in an activity; be involved in

From this reading A cam may have its edge provided with teeth, which engage with the teeth of the engaging wheel, and thus impart, not only an irregular motion but also a turning movement, such forms being largely used to give a quickly rising or falling motion.

engagingadjectiveUS /enˈɡeɪdʒɪŋ/

attracting or delighting

From this reading A cam may have its edge provided with teeth, which engage with the teeth of the engaging wheel, and thus impart, not only an irregular motion but also a turning movement, such forms being largely used to give a quickly rising or falling motion.

fallingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlɪŋ/

decreasing in amount or degree

From this reading A cam may have its edge provided with teeth, which engage with the teeth of the engaging wheel, and thus impart, not only an irregular motion but also a turning movement, such forms being largely used to give a quickly rising or falling motion.

formsnounUS /fɔːrmz/

plural of “form” — the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading The object in all forms of cams is to change motion from a regular into an irregular, or reversely, and the motion may be accelerated or retarded at certain points, or inverted into an intermittent or reciprocating movement, dependent on the shape of the cam.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading CAMS AND ECCENTRICS More or less confusion arises from the terms _cams_ and _eccentrics_.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading A cam may have its edge provided with teeth, which engage with the teeth of the engaging wheel, and thus impart, not only an irregular motion but also a turning movement, such forms being largely used to give a quickly rising or falling motion.

groovedadjective

established as if settled into a groove or rut

From this reading A cam may be in the shape of a slotted or grooved plate, like the needle bar of a sewing machine, where a crank pin works in the slot, and this transmits an irregular vertical movement to the needle.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading A cam may have its edge provided with teeth, which engage with the teeth of the engaging wheel, and thus impart, not only an irregular motion but also a turning movement, such forms being largely used to give a quickly rising or falling motion.

heart-wheel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A cam is a wheel which may be either regular in shape, like a _heart-wheel_, or irregular, like a _wiper-wheel_.

impartverbUS /ˌɪmˈpɑːrt/

transmit (knowledge or skills)

From this reading A cam may have its edge provided with teeth, which engage with the teeth of the engaging wheel, and thus impart, not only an irregular motion but also a turning movement, such forms being largely used to give a quickly rising or falling motion.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A cam is a wheel which may be either regular in shape, like a _heart-wheel_, or irregular, like a _wiper-wheel_.

intermittentadjectiveUS /ˌɪntərˈmɪtənt/

stopping and starting at irregular intervals

From this reading The object in all forms of cams is to change motion from a regular into an irregular, or reversely, and the motion may be accelerated or retarded at certain points, or inverted into an intermittent or reciprocating movement, dependent on the shape of the cam.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The object in all forms of cams is to change motion from a regular into an irregular, or reversely, and the motion may be accelerated or retarded at certain points, or inverted into an intermittent or reciprocating movement, dependent on the shape of the cam.

invertedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈvɜːrtɪd/

being in such a position that top and bottom are reversed

From this reading The object in all forms of cams is to change motion from a regular into an irregular, or reversely, and the motion may be accelerated or retarded at certain points, or inverted into an intermittent or reciprocating movement, dependent on the shape of the cam.

irregularadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈreɡjələr/

contrary to rule or accepted order or general practice

From this reading A cam is a wheel which may be either regular in shape, like a _heart-wheel_, or irregular, like a _wiper-wheel_.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A cam is a wheel which may be either regular in shape, like a _heart-wheel_, or irregular, like a _wiper-wheel_.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading A cam may have its edge provided with teeth, which engage with the teeth of the engaging wheel, and thus impart, not only an irregular motion but also a turning movement, such forms being largely used to give a quickly rising or falling motion.

largelyadverbUS /ˈlɑːrdʒli/

in large part; mainly or chiefly

From this reading A cam may have its edge provided with teeth, which engage with the teeth of the engaging wheel, and thus impart, not only an irregular motion but also a turning movement, such forms being largely used to give a quickly rising or falling motion.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading CAMS AND ECCENTRICS More or less confusion arises from the terms _cams_ and _eccentrics_.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading A cam is a wheel which may be either regular in shape, like a _heart-wheel_, or irregular, like a _wiper-wheel_.

machinenounUS /məˈʃiːn/

any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of human tasks

From this reading A cam may be in the shape of a slotted or grooved plate, like the needle bar of a sewing machine, where a crank pin works in the slot, and this transmits an irregular vertical movement to the needle.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading A cam is a wheel which may be either regular in shape, like a _heart-wheel_, or irregular, like a _wiper-wheel_.

MoreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading CAMS AND ECCENTRICS More or less confusion arises from the terms _cams_ and _eccentrics_.

motionnounUS /ˈmoʊʃən/

the use of movements (especially of the hands) to communicate familiar or prearranged signals

From this reading The object in all forms of cams is to change motion from a regular into an irregular, or reversely, and the motion may be accelerated or retarded at certain points, or inverted into an intermittent or reciprocating movement, dependent on the shape of the cam.

movementnounUS /ˈmuːvmənt/

a change of position that does not entail a change of location

From this reading The object in all forms of cams is to change motion from a regular into an irregular, or reversely, and the motion may be accelerated or retarded at certain points, or inverted into an intermittent or reciprocating movement, dependent on the shape of the cam.

needlenounUS /ˈniːdəl/

the leaf of a conifer

From this reading A cam may be in the shape of a slotted or grooved plate, like the needle bar of a sewing machine, where a crank pin works in the slot, and this transmits an irregular vertical movement to the needle.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading A cam may have its edge provided with teeth, which engage with the teeth of the engaging wheel, and thus impart, not only an irregular motion but also a turning movement, such forms being largely used to give a quickly rising or falling motion.

objectnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekt/

a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading The object in all forms of cams is to change motion from a regular into an irregular, or reversely, and the motion may be accelerated or retarded at certain points, or inverted into an intermittent or reciprocating movement, dependent on the shape of the cam.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The object in all forms of cams is to change motion from a regular into an irregular, or reversely, and the motion may be accelerated or retarded at certain points, or inverted into an intermittent or reciprocating movement, dependent on the shape of the cam.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The object in all forms of cams is to change motion from a regular into an irregular, or reversely, and the motion may be accelerated or retarded at certain points, or inverted into an intermittent or reciprocating movement, dependent on the shape of the cam.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading A cam may have its edge provided with teeth, which engage with the teeth of the engaging wheel, and thus impart, not only an irregular motion but also a turning movement, such forms being largely used to give a quickly rising or falling motion.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading CAMS AND ECCENTRICS More or less confusion arises from the terms _cams_ and _eccentrics_.

pinverbUS /pɪn/

to hold fast or prevent from moving

From this reading A cam may be in the shape of a slotted or grooved plate, like the needle bar of a sewing machine, where a crank pin works in the slot, and this transmits an irregular vertical movement to the needle.

platenounUS /pleɪt/

(baseball) base consisting of a rubber slab where the batter stands; it must be touched by a base runner in order to score

From this reading A cam may be in the shape of a slotted or grooved plate, like the needle bar of a sewing machine, where a crank pin works in the slot, and this transmits an irregular vertical movement to the needle.

pointsnounUS /pɔɪnts/

plural of “point” — a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading The object in all forms of cams is to change motion from a regular into an irregular, or reversely, and the motion may be accelerated or retarded at certain points, or inverted into an intermittent or reciprocating movement, dependent on the shape of the cam.

providedverbUS /prəˈvaɪdɪd/

past form of “provide” — give something useful or necessary to

From this reading A cam may have its edge provided with teeth, which engage with the teeth of the engaging wheel, and thus impart, not only an irregular motion but also a turning movement, such forms being largely used to give a quickly rising or falling motion.

quicklyadverbUS /ˈkwɪkli/

with speed

From this reading A cam may have its edge provided with teeth, which engage with the teeth of the engaging wheel, and thus impart, not only an irregular motion but also a turning movement, such forms being largely used to give a quickly rising or falling motion.

reciprocatingverbUS /rɪˈsɪprəkeɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “reciprocate” — act, feel, or give mutually or in return

From this reading The object in all forms of cams is to change motion from a regular into an irregular, or reversely, and the motion may be accelerated or retarded at certain points, or inverted into an intermittent or reciprocating movement, dependent on the shape of the cam.

regularadjectiveUS /ˈreɡjələr/

in accordance with fixed order or procedure or principle

From this reading A cam is a wheel which may be either regular in shape, like a _heart-wheel_, or irregular, like a _wiper-wheel_.

retardedadjectiveUS /rɪˈtɑːrdɪd/

relatively slow in mental or emotional or physical development

From this reading The object in all forms of cams is to change motion from a regular into an irregular, or reversely, and the motion may be accelerated or retarded at certain points, or inverted into an intermittent or reciprocating movement, dependent on the shape of the cam.

reverselyadverb

in an opposite way; so as to be reversed

From this reading The object in all forms of cams is to change motion from a regular into an irregular, or reversely, and the motion may be accelerated or retarded at certain points, or inverted into an intermittent or reciprocating movement, dependent on the shape of the cam.

risingadjectiveUS /ˈraɪzɪŋ/

advancing or becoming higher or greater in degree or value or status

From this reading A cam may have its edge provided with teeth, which engage with the teeth of the engaging wheel, and thus impart, not only an irregular motion but also a turning movement, such forms being largely used to give a quickly rising or falling motion.

sewingnounUS /ˈsoʊɪŋ/

joining or attaching by stitches

From this reading A cam may be in the shape of a slotted or grooved plate, like the needle bar of a sewing machine, where a crank pin works in the slot, and this transmits an irregular vertical movement to the needle.

shapenounUS /ʃeɪp/

any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline)

From this reading A cam is a wheel which may be either regular in shape, like a _heart-wheel_, or irregular, like a _wiper-wheel_.

slotnounUS /slɑːt/

a position in a grammatical linguistic construction in which a variety of alternative units are interchangeable

From this reading A cam may be in the shape of a slotted or grooved plate, like the needle bar of a sewing machine, where a crank pin works in the slot, and this transmits an irregular vertical movement to the needle.

slottedverbUS /ˈslɑːtɪd/

inflected form of “slot” — assign a time slot

From this reading A cam may be in the shape of a slotted or grooved plate, like the needle bar of a sewing machine, where a crank pin works in the slot, and this transmits an irregular vertical movement to the needle.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading A cam may have its edge provided with teeth, which engage with the teeth of the engaging wheel, and thus impart, not only an irregular motion but also a turning movement, such forms being largely used to give a quickly rising or falling motion.

teethnounUS /tiːθ/

the kind and number and arrangement of teeth (collectively) in a person or animal

From this reading A cam may have its edge provided with teeth, which engage with the teeth of the engaging wheel, and thus impart, not only an irregular motion but also a turning movement, such forms being largely used to give a quickly rising or falling motion.

termsnounUS /tɜːrmz/

status with respect to the relations between people or groups

From this reading CAMS AND ECCENTRICS More or less confusion arises from the terms _cams_ and _eccentrics_.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading CAMS AND ECCENTRICS More or less confusion arises from the terms _cams_ and _eccentrics_.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading A cam may be in the shape of a slotted or grooved plate, like the needle bar of a sewing machine, where a crank pin works in the slot, and this transmits an irregular vertical movement to the needle.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading A cam may have its edge provided with teeth, which engage with the teeth of the engaging wheel, and thus impart, not only an irregular motion but also a turning movement, such forms being largely used to give a quickly rising or falling motion.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The object in all forms of cams is to change motion from a regular into an irregular, or reversely, and the motion may be accelerated or retarded at certain points, or inverted into an intermittent or reciprocating movement, dependent on the shape of the cam.

transmitsverbUS /trænzˈmɪts/

third-person singular of “transmit” — transfer to another

From this reading A cam may be in the shape of a slotted or grooved plate, like the needle bar of a sewing machine, where a crank pin works in the slot, and this transmits an irregular vertical movement to the needle.

turningnounUS /ˈtɜːrnɪŋ/

the act of changing or reversing the direction of the course

From this reading A cam may have its edge provided with teeth, which engage with the teeth of the engaging wheel, and thus impart, not only an irregular motion but also a turning movement, such forms being largely used to give a quickly rising or falling motion.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading A cam may have its edge provided with teeth, which engage with the teeth of the engaging wheel, and thus impart, not only an irregular motion but also a turning movement, such forms being largely used to give a quickly rising or falling motion.

verticaladjectiveUS /ˈvɜːrtɪkəl/

at right angles to the plane of the horizon or a base line

From this reading A cam may be in the shape of a slotted or grooved plate, like the needle bar of a sewing machine, where a crank pin works in the slot, and this transmits an irregular vertical movement to the needle.

wheelverbUS /wiːl/

change directions as if revolving on a pivot

From this reading A cam is a wheel which may be either regular in shape, like a _heart-wheel_, or irregular, like a _wiper-wheel_.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading A cam may be in the shape of a slotted or grooved plate, like the needle bar of a sewing machine, where a crank pin works in the slot, and this transmits an irregular vertical movement to the needle.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading A cam is a wheel which may be either regular in shape, like a _heart-wheel_, or irregular, like a _wiper-wheel_.

wiper-wheel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A cam is a wheel which may be either regular in shape, like a _heart-wheel_, or irregular, like a _wiper-wheel_.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading A cam may have its edge provided with teeth, which engage with the teeth of the engaging wheel, and thus impart, not only an irregular motion but also a turning movement, such forms being largely used to give a quickly rising or falling motion.

worksnounUS /wɜːrks/

buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading A cam may be in the shape of a slotted or grooved plate, like the needle bar of a sewing machine, where a crank pin works in the slot, and this transmits an irregular vertical movement to the needle.

Chapter 12 of Motors by James Slough Zerbe holds 34 sentences, grouped into 7 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of Motors contain?

Chapter 12 holds 34 sentences of Motors, unabridged, divided into 7 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of Motors by James Slough Zerbe exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 34 sentences, grouped into 7 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of Motors?

Work through the 7 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 7 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Motors

Common questions about reading Motors by James Slough Zerbe on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Motors?

Yes. All 1812 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #42369 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Motors is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #42369, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Motors take to read?

About 151 minutes of reading across 363 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Motors section by section

How to work through Motors section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 16 chapters of Motors to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Motors

Words and structures a reader meets early in Motors, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Italic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Motors; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Denoted
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Motors; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Underscores
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Motors; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Equal
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Motors; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.