Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 1
Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 1

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 1 is here in full — 431 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 1
Context Illustration Reading 1/86 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.
Massage appears as the new "movement cure" by kneading and pressing, vide _Punch_, 1856, but he, however, was not solely interested in beneficent inventions.
Lord Dundonald's famous "secret war plan," originally proposed in 1811, and rejected by a secret Committee presided over by the Duke of York, who pronounced it "infallible, irresistible, but inhuman," was revived after the inventor's readmission to the British Navy, and urged on the Admiralty and Government during the Crimean War.
It was again rejected on the score of its inhumanity, though _Punch_ welcomed the plan, without knowing exactly what it was, and besought the Government to cast away scruples and use _anything_ against such an enemy as Russia.
Whatever may have been "Dundonald's plan" was never divulged, it remained a nameless mystery.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 1

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 1 is here in full — 431 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/86 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.
Line 2
Massage appears as the new "movement cure" by kneading and pressing, vide _Punch_, 1856, but he, however, was not solely interested in beneficent inventions.
Line 3
Lord Dundonald's famous "secret war plan," originally proposed in 1811, and rejected by a secret Committee presided over by the Duke of York, who pronounced it "infallible, irresistible, but inhuman," was revived after the inventor's readmission to the British Navy, and urged on the Admiralty and Government during the Crimean War.
Line 4
It was again rejected on the score of its inhumanity, though _Punch_ welcomed the plan, without knowing exactly what it was, and besought the Government to cast away scruples and use _anything_ against such an enemy as Russia.
Line 5
Whatever may have been "Dundonald's plan" was never divulged, it remained a nameless mystery.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

atmospheric adjective US /ˌætməˈsferɪk/

relating to or located in the atmosphere

From this reading “The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.”

divulged verb US /dɪˈvʌldʒd/

past form of “divulge” — make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret

From this reading “Whatever may have been "Dundonald's plan" was never divulged, it remained a nameless mystery.”

harmonized adjective US /ˈhɑːrmənaɪzd/

involving or characterized by harmony

From this reading “The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.”

inhumanity noun US /ˌɪnhjuːˈmænəti/

the quality of lacking compassion or consideration for others

From this reading “It was again rejected on the score of its inhumanity, though _Punch_ welcomed the plan, without knowing exactly what it was, and besought the Government to cast away scruples and use _anything_ against such an enemy as Russia.”

kneading verb US /ˈniːdɪŋ/

-ing form of “knead” — make uniform

From this reading “Massage appears as the new "movement cure" by kneading and pressing, vide _Punch_, 1856, but he, however, was not solely interested in beneficent inventions.”

Massage verb US /məˈsɑːʒ/

manually manipulate (someone's body), usually for medicinal or relaxation purposes

From this reading “Massage appears as the new "movement cure" by kneading and pressing, vide _Punch_, 1856, but he, however, was not solely interested in beneficent inventions.”

propel verb US /prəˈpel/

cause to move forward with force

From this reading “The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.”

readmission noun US /ˌriːædˈmɪʃən/

the act of admitting someone again

From this reading “Lord Dundonald's famous "secret war plan," originally proposed in 1811, and rejected by a secret Committee presided over by the Duke of York, who pronounced it "infallible, irresistible, but inhuman," was revived after the inventor's readmission to the British Navy, and urged on the Admiralty and Government during the Crimean War.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

presided over verb + particle counted as “preside over”

In this reading “Lord Dundonald's famous "secret war plan," originally proposed in 1811, and rejected by a secret Committee presided over by the Duke of York, who pronounced it "infallible, irresistible, but inhuman," was revived after the inventor's readmission to the British Navy, and urged on the Admiralty and Government during the Crimean War.”

mail bags noun + noun counted as “mail bag”

In this reading “The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.”

red coats noun + noun counted as “red coat”

In this reading “The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.”

cast away verb + particle

throw or cast away

In this reading “It was again rejected on the score of its inhumanity, though _Punch_ welcomed the plan, without knowing exactly what it was, and besought the Government to cast away scruples and use _anything_ against such an enemy as Russia.”

worn by verb + particle

In this reading “The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.”

put forward verb + particle

put before

In this reading “The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.”

on the score preposition + article + noun counted as “on … score”

In this reading “It was again rejected on the score of its inhumanity, though _Punch_ welcomed the plan, without knowing exactly what it was, and besought the Government to cast away scruples and use _anything_ against such an enemy as Russia.”

All words in this reading · 119

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1811

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lord Dundonald's famous "secret war plan," originally proposed in 1811, and rejected by a secret Committee presided over by the Duke of York, who pronounced it "infallible, irresistible, but inhuman," was revived after the inventor's readmission to the British Navy, and urged on the Admiralty and Government during the Crimean War.

1854

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.

1855

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.

1856

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Massage appears as the new "movement cure" by kneading and pressing, vide _Punch_, 1856, but he, however, was not solely interested in beneficent inventions.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Lord Dundonald's famous "secret war plan," originally proposed in 1811, and rejected by a secret Committee presided over by the Duke of York, who pronounced it "infallible, irresistible, but inhuman," was revived after the inventor's readmission to the British Navy, and urged on the Admiralty and Government during the Crimean War.

addedverbUS /ˈædəd/

past form of “add” — make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of

From this reading The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.

AdmiraltynounUS /ˈædmərəlti/

the department in charge of the navy (as in Great Britain)

From this reading Lord Dundonald's famous "secret war plan," originally proposed in 1811, and rejected by a secret Committee presided over by the Duke of York, who pronounced it "infallible, irresistible, but inhuman," was revived after the inventor's readmission to the British Navy, and urged on the Admiralty and Government during the Crimean War.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Lord Dundonald's famous "secret war plan," originally proposed in 1811, and rejected by a secret Committee presided over by the Duke of York, who pronounced it "infallible, irresistible, but inhuman," was revived after the inventor's readmission to the British Navy, and urged on the Admiralty and Government during the Crimean War.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading It was again rejected on the score of its inhumanity, though _Punch_ welcomed the plan, without knowing exactly what it was, and besought the Government to cast away scruples and use _anything_ against such an enemy as Russia.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading It was again rejected on the score of its inhumanity, though _Punch_ welcomed the plan, without knowing exactly what it was, and besought the Government to cast away scruples and use _anything_ against such an enemy as Russia.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading It was again rejected on the score of its inhumanity, though _Punch_ welcomed the plan, without knowing exactly what it was, and besought the Government to cast away scruples and use _anything_ against such an enemy as Russia.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Massage appears as the new "movement cure" by kneading and pressing, vide _Punch_, 1856, but he, however, was not solely interested in beneficent inventions.

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading It was again rejected on the score of its inhumanity, though _Punch_ welcomed the plan, without knowing exactly what it was, and besought the Government to cast away scruples and use _anything_ against such an enemy as Russia.

appearsverbUS /əˈpɪrz/

third-person singular of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Massage appears as the new "movement cure" by kneading and pressing, vide _Punch_, 1856, but he, however, was not solely interested in beneficent inventions.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.

atmosphericadjectiveUS /ˌætməˈsferɪk/

relating to or located in the atmosphere

From this reading The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading It was again rejected on the score of its inhumanity, though _Punch_ welcomed the plan, without knowing exactly what it was, and besought the Government to cast away scruples and use _anything_ against such an enemy as Russia.

bagsnounUS /bæɡz/

plural of “bag” — a flexible container with a single opening

From this reading The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Whatever may have been "Dundonald's plan" was never divulged, it remained a nameless mystery.

beneficentadjectiveUS /ˌbenəˈfɪʃənt/

doing or producing good

From this reading Massage appears as the new "movement cure" by kneading and pressing, vide _Punch_, 1856, but he, however, was not solely interested in beneficent inventions.

besought

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was again rejected on the score of its inhumanity, though _Punch_ welcomed the plan, without knowing exactly what it was, and besought the Government to cast away scruples and use _anything_ against such an enemy as Russia.

boxesnounUS /ˈbɑːksəz/

plural of “box” — a (usually rectangular) container; may have a lid

From this reading The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.

BritishnounUS /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/

the people of Great Britain

From this reading Lord Dundonald's famous "secret war plan," originally proposed in 1811, and rejected by a secret Committee presided over by the Duke of York, who pronounced it "infallible, irresistible, but inhuman," was revived after the inventor's readmission to the British Navy, and urged on the Admiralty and Government during the Crimean War.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Massage appears as the new "movement cure" by kneading and pressing, vide _Punch_, 1856, but he, however, was not solely interested in beneficent inventions.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.

castverbUS /kæst/

put or send forth

From this reading It was again rejected on the score of its inhumanity, though _Punch_ welcomed the plan, without knowing exactly what it was, and besought the Government to cast away scruples and use _anything_ against such an enemy as Russia.

coatsnounUS /koʊts/

plural of “coat” — an outer garment that has sleeves and covers the body from shoulder down; worn outdoors

From this reading The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.

colouradjectiveUS /ˈkʌlər/

having or capable of producing colors

From this reading The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.

CommitteenounUS /kəˈmɪti/

a special group delegated to consider some matter

From this reading Lord Dundonald's famous "secret war plan," originally proposed in 1811, and rejected by a secret Committee presided over by the Duke of York, who pronounced it "infallible, irresistible, but inhuman," was revived after the inventor's readmission to the British Navy, and urged on the Admiralty and Government during the Crimean War.

Crimean

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lord Dundonald's famous "secret war plan," originally proposed in 1811, and rejected by a secret Committee presided over by the Duke of York, who pronounced it "infallible, irresistible, but inhuman," was revived after the inventor's readmission to the British Navy, and urged on the Admiralty and Government during the Crimean War.

cureverbUS /kjʊr/

provide a cure for, make healthy again

From this reading Massage appears as the new "movement cure" by kneading and pressing, vide _Punch_, 1856, but he, however, was not solely interested in beneficent inventions.

divulgedverbUS /dɪˈvʌldʒd/

past form of “divulge” — make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret

From this reading Whatever may have been "Dundonald's plan" was never divulged, it remained a nameless mystery.

DukenounUS /duːk/

a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading Lord Dundonald's famous "secret war plan," originally proposed in 1811, and rejected by a secret Committee presided over by the Duke of York, who pronounced it "infallible, irresistible, but inhuman," was revived after the inventor's readmission to the British Navy, and urged on the Admiralty and Government during the Crimean War.

Dundonald's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lord Dundonald's famous "secret war plan," originally proposed in 1811, and rejected by a secret Committee presided over by the Duke of York, who pronounced it "infallible, irresistible, but inhuman," was revived after the inventor's readmission to the British Navy, and urged on the Admiralty and Government during the Crimean War.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading Lord Dundonald's famous "secret war plan," originally proposed in 1811, and rejected by a secret Committee presided over by the Duke of York, who pronounced it "infallible, irresistible, but inhuman," was revived after the inventor's readmission to the British Navy, and urged on the Admiralty and Government during the Crimean War.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.

enemynounUS /ˈenəmi/

an opposing military force

From this reading It was again rejected on the score of its inhumanity, though _Punch_ welcomed the plan, without knowing exactly what it was, and besought the Government to cast away scruples and use _anything_ against such an enemy as Russia.

exactlyadverbUS /ɪɡˈzæktli/

indicating exactness or preciseness

From this reading It was again rejected on the score of its inhumanity, though _Punch_ welcomed the plan, without knowing exactly what it was, and besought the Government to cast away scruples and use _anything_ against such an enemy as Russia.

famousadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪməs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading Lord Dundonald's famous "secret war plan," originally proposed in 1811, and rejected by a secret Committee presided over by the Duke of York, who pronounced it "infallible, irresistible, but inhuman," was revived after the inventor's readmission to the British Navy, and urged on the Admiralty and Government during the Crimean War.

featuresnounUS /ˈfiːtʃərz/

plural of “feature” — a prominent attribute or aspect of something

From this reading The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.

forwardadverbUS /ˈfɔːrwərd/

at or to or toward the front

From this reading The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.

GovernmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading Lord Dundonald's famous "secret war plan," originally proposed in 1811, and rejected by a secret Committee presided over by the Duke of York, who pronounced it "infallible, irresistible, but inhuman," was revived after the inventor's readmission to the British Navy, and urged on the Admiralty and Government during the Crimean War.

harmonizedadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːrmənaɪzd/

involving or characterized by harmony

From this reading The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Whatever may have been "Dundonald's plan" was never divulged, it remained a nameless mystery.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Massage appears as the new "movement cure" by kneading and pressing, vide _Punch_, 1856, but he, however, was not solely interested in beneficent inventions.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading Massage appears as the new "movement cure" by kneading and pressing, vide _Punch_, 1856, but he, however, was not solely interested in beneficent inventions.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Massage appears as the new "movement cure" by kneading and pressing, vide _Punch_, 1856, but he, however, was not solely interested in beneficent inventions.

infallibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈfæləbəl/

incapable of failure or error

From this reading Lord Dundonald's famous "secret war plan," originally proposed in 1811, and rejected by a secret Committee presided over by the Duke of York, who pronounced it "infallible, irresistible, but inhuman," was revived after the inventor's readmission to the British Navy, and urged on the Admiralty and Government during the Crimean War.

inhumanadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈhjuːmən/

without compunction or human feeling

From this reading Lord Dundonald's famous "secret war plan," originally proposed in 1811, and rejected by a secret Committee presided over by the Duke of York, who pronounced it "infallible, irresistible, but inhuman," was revived after the inventor's readmission to the British Navy, and urged on the Admiralty and Government during the Crimean War.

inhumanitynounUS /ˌɪnhjuːˈmænəti/

the quality of lacking compassion or consideration for others

From this reading It was again rejected on the score of its inhumanity, though _Punch_ welcomed the plan, without knowing exactly what it was, and besought the Government to cast away scruples and use _anything_ against such an enemy as Russia.

interestedadjectiveUS /ˈɪntrəstɪd/

having or showing interest; especially curiosity or fascination or concern

From this reading Massage appears as the new "movement cure" by kneading and pressing, vide _Punch_, 1856, but he, however, was not solely interested in beneficent inventions.

inventionsnounUS /ˌɪnˈvenʃənz/

plural of “invention” — the creation of something in the mind

From this reading Massage appears as the new "movement cure" by kneading and pressing, vide _Punch_, 1856, but he, however, was not solely interested in beneficent inventions.

inventor's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lord Dundonald's famous "secret war plan," originally proposed in 1811, and rejected by a secret Committee presided over by the Duke of York, who pronounced it "infallible, irresistible, but inhuman," was revived after the inventor's readmission to the British Navy, and urged on the Admiralty and Government during the Crimean War.

irresistibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪrɪˈzɪstəbəl/

impossible to resist; overpowering

From this reading Lord Dundonald's famous "secret war plan," originally proposed in 1811, and rejected by a secret Committee presided over by the Duke of York, who pronounced it "infallible, irresistible, but inhuman," was revived after the inventor's readmission to the British Navy, and urged on the Admiralty and Government during the Crimean War.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Lord Dundonald's famous "secret war plan," originally proposed in 1811, and rejected by a secret Committee presided over by the Duke of York, who pronounced it "infallible, irresistible, but inhuman," was revived after the inventor's readmission to the British Navy, and urged on the Admiralty and Government during the Crimean War.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading It was again rejected on the score of its inhumanity, though _Punch_ welcomed the plan, without knowing exactly what it was, and besought the Government to cast away scruples and use _anything_ against such an enemy as Russia.

kneadingverbUS /ˈniːdɪŋ/

-ing form of “knead” — make uniform

From this reading Massage appears as the new "movement cure" by kneading and pressing, vide _Punch_, 1856, but he, however, was not solely interested in beneficent inventions.

knowingadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊɪŋ/

evidencing the possession of inside information

From this reading It was again rejected on the score of its inhumanity, though _Punch_ welcomed the plan, without knowing exactly what it was, and besought the Government to cast away scruples and use _anything_ against such an enemy as Russia.

LordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading Lord Dundonald's famous "secret war plan," originally proposed in 1811, and rejected by a secret Committee presided over by the Duke of York, who pronounced it "infallible, irresistible, but inhuman," was revived after the inventor's readmission to the British Navy, and urged on the Admiralty and Government during the Crimean War.

mailnounUS /meɪl/

the bags of letters and packages that are transported by the postal service

From this reading The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.

MassageverbUS /məˈsɑːʒ/

manually manipulate (someone's body), usually for medicinal or relaxation purposes

From this reading Massage appears as the new "movement cure" by kneading and pressing, vide _Punch_, 1856, but he, however, was not solely interested in beneficent inventions.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Whatever may have been "Dundonald's plan" was never divulged, it remained a nameless mystery.

movementnounUS /ˈmuːvmənt/

a change of position that does not entail a change of location

From this reading Massage appears as the new "movement cure" by kneading and pressing, vide _Punch_, 1856, but he, however, was not solely interested in beneficent inventions.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.

mysterynounUS /ˈmɪstəri/

something that baffles understanding and cannot be explained

From this reading Whatever may have been "Dundonald's plan" was never divulged, it remained a nameless mystery.

namelessadjectiveUS /ˈneɪm.ləs/

Having no name, or having a name that is kept secret or unknown.

From this reading Whatever may have been "Dundonald's plan" was never divulged, it remained a nameless mystery.

NavynounUS /ˈneɪvi/

an organization of military vessels belonging to a country and available for sea warfare

From this reading Lord Dundonald's famous "secret war plan," originally proposed in 1811, and rejected by a secret Committee presided over by the Duke of York, who pronounced it "infallible, irresistible, but inhuman," was revived after the inventor's readmission to the British Navy, and urged on the Admiralty and Government during the Crimean War.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Whatever may have been "Dundonald's plan" was never divulged, it remained a nameless mystery.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Massage appears as the new "movement cure" by kneading and pressing, vide _Punch_, 1856, but he, however, was not solely interested in beneficent inventions.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Lord Dundonald's famous "secret war plan," originally proposed in 1811, and rejected by a secret Committee presided over by the Duke of York, who pronounced it "infallible, irresistible, but inhuman," was revived after the inventor's readmission to the British Navy, and urged on the Admiralty and Government during the Crimean War.

originallyadverbUS /ərˈɪdʒənəli/

in an original manner

From this reading Lord Dundonald's famous "secret war plan," originally proposed in 1811, and rejected by a secret Committee presided over by the Duke of York, who pronounced it "infallible, irresistible, but inhuman," was revived after the inventor's readmission to the British Navy, and urged on the Admiralty and Government during the Crimean War.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Lord Dundonald's famous "secret war plan," originally proposed in 1811, and rejected by a secret Committee presided over by the Duke of York, who pronounced it "infallible, irresistible, but inhuman," was revived after the inventor's readmission to the British Navy, and urged on the Admiralty and Government during the Crimean War.

pillarnounUS /ˈpɪlər/

a fundamental principle or practice

From this reading The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.

planverbUS /plæn/

have the will and intention to carry out some action

From this reading Lord Dundonald's famous "secret war plan," originally proposed in 1811, and rejected by a secret Committee presided over by the Duke of York, who pronounced it "infallible, irresistible, but inhuman," was revived after the inventor's readmission to the British Navy, and urged on the Admiralty and Government during the Crimean War.

postmen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.

presidedverbUS /prɪˈzaɪdɪd/

past form of “preside” — act as president

From this reading Lord Dundonald's famous "secret war plan," originally proposed in 1811, and rejected by a secret Committee presided over by the Duke of York, who pronounced it "infallible, irresistible, but inhuman," was revived after the inventor's readmission to the British Navy, and urged on the Admiralty and Government during the Crimean War.

pressingnounUS /ˈpresɪŋ/

the act of pressing; the exertion of pressure

From this reading Massage appears as the new "movement cure" by kneading and pressing, vide _Punch_, 1856, but he, however, was not solely interested in beneficent inventions.

pressurenounUS /ˈpreʃər/

the force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit)

From this reading The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.

pronouncedadjectiveUS /prəˈnaʊnst/

strongly marked; easily noticeable

From this reading Lord Dundonald's famous "secret war plan," originally proposed in 1811, and rejected by a secret Committee presided over by the Duke of York, who pronounced it "infallible, irresistible, but inhuman," was revived after the inventor's readmission to the British Navy, and urged on the Admiralty and Government during the Crimean War.

propelverbUS /prəˈpel/

cause to move forward with force

From this reading The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.

proposedverbUS /prəˈpoʊzd/

past form of “propose” — make a proposal, declare a plan for something

From this reading Lord Dundonald's famous "secret war plan," originally proposed in 1811, and rejected by a secret Committee presided over by the Duke of York, who pronounced it "infallible, irresistible, but inhuman," was revived after the inventor's readmission to the British Navy, and urged on the Admiralty and Government during the Crimean War.

PunchverbUS /pʌntʃ/

deliver a quick blow to

From this reading Massage appears as the new "movement cure" by kneading and pressing, vide _Punch_, 1856, but he, however, was not solely interested in beneficent inventions.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.

readmissionnounUS /ˌriːædˈmɪʃən/

the act of admitting someone again

From this reading Lord Dundonald's famous "secret war plan," originally proposed in 1811, and rejected by a secret Committee presided over by the Duke of York, who pronounced it "infallible, irresistible, but inhuman," was revived after the inventor's readmission to the British Navy, and urged on the Admiralty and Government during the Crimean War.

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.

rejectedadjectiveUS /rɪˈdʒektɪd/

rebuffed (by a lover) without warning

From this reading Lord Dundonald's famous "secret war plan," originally proposed in 1811, and rejected by a secret Committee presided over by the Duke of York, who pronounced it "infallible, irresistible, but inhuman," was revived after the inventor's readmission to the British Navy, and urged on the Admiralty and Government during the Crimean War.

remainedverbUS /rɪˈmeɪnd/

past form of “remain” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading Whatever may have been "Dundonald's plan" was never divulged, it remained a nameless mystery.

revivedadjectiveUS /rɪˈvaɪvd/

restored to consciousness or life or vigor

From this reading Lord Dundonald's famous "secret war plan," originally proposed in 1811, and rejected by a secret Committee presided over by the Duke of York, who pronounced it "infallible, irresistible, but inhuman," was revived after the inventor's readmission to the British Navy, and urged on the Admiralty and Government during the Crimean War.

RussianounUS /ˈrʌʃə/

a former communist country in eastern Europe and northern Asia; established in 1922; included Russia and 14 other soviet socialist republics (Ukraine and Byelorussia and others); officially dissolved 31 December 1991

From this reading It was again rejected on the score of its inhumanity, though _Punch_ welcomed the plan, without knowing exactly what it was, and besought the Government to cast away scruples and use _anything_ against such an enemy as Russia.

schemenounUS /skiːm/

an elaborate and systematic plan of action

From this reading The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.

scorenounUS /skɔːr/

a number or letter indicating quality (especially of a student's performance)

From this reading It was again rejected on the score of its inhumanity, though _Punch_ welcomed the plan, without knowing exactly what it was, and besought the Government to cast away scruples and use _anything_ against such an enemy as Russia.

scruplesnounUS /ˈskruːpəlz/

motivation deriving logically from ethical or moral principles that govern a person's thoughts and actions

From this reading It was again rejected on the score of its inhumanity, though _Punch_ welcomed the plan, without knowing exactly what it was, and besought the Government to cast away scruples and use _anything_ against such an enemy as Russia.

secretnounUS /ˈsiː.krət/

Something that is kept or meant to be kept unknown or unseen by others.

From this reading Lord Dundonald's famous "secret war plan," originally proposed in 1811, and rejected by a secret Committee presided over by the Duke of York, who pronounced it "infallible, irresistible, but inhuman," was revived after the inventor's readmission to the British Navy, and urged on the Admiralty and Government during the Crimean War.

solelyadverbUS /ˈsoʊəli/

without any others being included or involved

From this reading Massage appears as the new "movement cure" by kneading and pressing, vide _Punch_, 1856, but he, however, was not solely interested in beneficent inventions.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading It was again rejected on the score of its inhumanity, though _Punch_ welcomed the plan, without knowing exactly what it was, and besought the Government to cast away scruples and use _anything_ against such an enemy as Russia.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading It was again rejected on the score of its inhumanity, though _Punch_ welcomed the plan, without knowing exactly what it was, and besought the Government to cast away scruples and use _anything_ against such an enemy as Russia.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.

tubesnounUS /tuːbz/

plural of “tube” — conduit consisting of a long hollow object (usually cylindrical) used to hold and conduct objects or liquids or gases

From this reading The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.

urgedverbUS /ɜːrdʒd/

past form of “urge” — force or impel in an indicated direction

From this reading Lord Dundonald's famous "secret war plan," originally proposed in 1811, and rejected by a secret Committee presided over by the Duke of York, who pronounced it "infallible, irresistible, but inhuman," was revived after the inventor's readmission to the British Navy, and urged on the Admiralty and Government during the Crimean War.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading It was again rejected on the score of its inhumanity, though _Punch_ welcomed the plan, without knowing exactly what it was, and besought the Government to cast away scruples and use _anything_ against such an enemy as Russia.

vide

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Massage appears as the new "movement cure" by kneading and pressing, vide _Punch_, 1856, but he, however, was not solely interested in beneficent inventions.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading Lord Dundonald's famous "secret war plan," originally proposed in 1811, and rejected by a secret Committee presided over by the Duke of York, who pronounced it "infallible, irresistible, but inhuman," was revived after the inventor's readmission to the British Navy, and urged on the Admiralty and Government during the Crimean War.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.

welcomedverbUS /ˈwelkəmd/

past form of “welcome” — accept gladly

From this reading It was again rejected on the score of its inhumanity, though _Punch_ welcomed the plan, without knowing exactly what it was, and besought the Government to cast away scruples and use _anything_ against such an enemy as Russia.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading It was again rejected on the score of its inhumanity, though _Punch_ welcomed the plan, without knowing exactly what it was, and besought the Government to cast away scruples and use _anything_ against such an enemy as Russia.

WhateverdeterminerUS /ˌwʌˈtevər/

any or all of a kind, it does not matter which

From this reading Whatever may have been "Dundonald's plan" was never divulged, it remained a nameless mystery.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Lord Dundonald's famous "secret war plan," originally proposed in 1811, and rejected by a secret Committee presided over by the Duke of York, who pronounced it "infallible, irresistible, but inhuman," was revived after the inventor's readmission to the British Navy, and urged on the Admiralty and Government during the Crimean War.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading It was again rejected on the score of its inhumanity, though _Punch_ welcomed the plan, without knowing exactly what it was, and besought the Government to cast away scruples and use _anything_ against such an enemy as Russia.

wornverbUS /wɔːrn/

Damaged or thinned by continuous use.

From this reading The "new pillar boxes" must be added to the features of 1854; their colour harmonized with the red coats then worn by the postmen; while the scheme to propel mail bags through tubes by atmospheric pressure was put forward as early as 1855.

YorknounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading Lord Dundonald's famous "secret war plan," originally proposed in 1811, and rejected by a secret Committee presided over by the Duke of York, who pronounced it "infallible, irresistible, but inhuman," was revived after the inventor's readmission to the British Navy, and urged on the Admiralty and Government during the Crimean War.

Chapter 3 of Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 1 by Charles L. (Charles Larcom) Graves holds 431 sentences, grouped into 87 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 1 contain?

Chapter 3 holds 431 sentences of Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 1, unabridged, divided into 87 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 1 by Charles L. (Charles Larcom) Graves exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 431 sentences, grouped into 87 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 1?

Work through the 87 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 87 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 1

Common questions about reading Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 1 by Charles L. (Charles Larcom) Graves on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 1?

Yes. All 2967 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #44267 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #44267, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 1 take to read?

About 247 minutes of reading across 594 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 1 section by section

How to work through Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 1 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 7 chapters of Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 1 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Cassell
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Company
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
London
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Toronto
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.