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Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2
Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2 is here in full — 432 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2
Context Illustration Reading 1/86 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
[Sidenote: _Ignorant Guardians_] The Derby-Disraeli administration had come into power in the previous month.
So when Mr. Gathorne Hardy had succeeded Mr. C. P. Villiers as President of the Poor Law Board, the alteration in the methods of procedure in regard to investigating workhouse abuses provoked a well-timed and damaging attack on the attempt to whitewash Bumbledom.
It is a dreary subject, but the principles which ought to govern a Departmental inquiry could not be better expressed.
And _Punch_ was happily able to fortify his humanitarian zeal with ridicule when, in quoting from the description of the horrors of Walsall Workhouse given by the _Lancet_, he gives two stories showing that workhouse mismanagement in those days, at any rate, was largely the result of crass ignorance:--
It was suggested in one workhouse board-room that a bath ought unquestionably to be supplied, when a guardian got up and stated "he were agin it."
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2 is here in full — 432 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/86 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
[Sidenote: _Ignorant Guardians_] The Derby-Disraeli administration had come into power in the previous month.
Line 2
So when Mr. Gathorne Hardy had succeeded Mr. C. P. Villiers as President of the Poor Law Board, the alteration in the methods of procedure in regard to investigating workhouse abuses provoked a well-timed and damaging attack on the attempt to whitewash Bumbledom.
Line 3
It is a dreary subject, but the principles which ought to govern a Departmental inquiry could not be better expressed.
/ɪt ɪz ə ˈdrɪri səbˈdʒekt bʌt ðə ˈprɪnsəpəlz wɪtʃ ɔːt tuː ˈɡʌvərn ə dɪˌpɑːrtˈmenəl ˌɪnˈkwaɪriː kʊd nɑːt biː ˈbetər ɪkˈsprest/
Line 4
And _Punch_ was happily able to fortify his humanitarian zeal with ridicule when, in quoting from the description of the horrors of Walsall Workhouse given by the _Lancet_, he gives two stories showing that workhouse mismanagement in those days, at any rate, was largely the result of crass ignorance:--
Line 5
It was suggested in one workhouse board-room that a bath ought unquestionably to be supplied, when a guardian got up and stated "he were agin it."

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

crass adjective US /kræs/

(of persons) so unrefined as to be lacking in discrimination and sensibility

From this reading “And _Punch_ was happily able to fortify his humanitarian zeal with ridicule when, in quoting from the description of the horrors of Walsall Workhouse given by the _Lancet_, he gives two stories showing that workhouse mismanagement in those days, at any rate, was largely the result of crass ignorance:--”

damaging adjective US /ˈdæmɪdʒɪŋ/

(sometimes followed by “to”) causing harm or injury

From this reading “So when Mr. Gathorne Hardy had succeeded Mr. C. P. Villiers as President of the Poor Law Board, the alteration in the methods of procedure in regard to investigating workhouse abuses provoked a well-timed and damaging attack on the attempt to whitewash Bumbledom.”

Departmental adjective US /dɪˌpɑːrtˈmenəl/

of or relating to a department

From this reading “It is a dreary subject, but the principles which ought to govern a Departmental inquiry could not be better expressed.”

fortify verb US /ˈfɔːrtɪfaɪ/

make strong or stronger

From this reading “And _Punch_ was happily able to fortify his humanitarian zeal with ridicule when, in quoting from the description of the horrors of Walsall Workhouse given by the _Lancet_, he gives two stories showing that workhouse mismanagement in those days, at any rate, was largely the result of crass ignorance:--”

humanitarian adjective US /ˌhjuːmænəˈteriən/

marked by humanistic values and devotion to human welfare

From this reading “And _Punch_ was happily able to fortify his humanitarian zeal with ridicule when, in quoting from the description of the horrors of Walsall Workhouse given by the _Lancet_, he gives two stories showing that workhouse mismanagement in those days, at any rate, was largely the result of crass ignorance:--”

Lancet noun US /ˈlænsət/

an acutely pointed Gothic arch, like a lance

mismanagement noun US /mɪˈsmænɪdʒmənt/

management that is careless or inefficient

From this reading “And _Punch_ was happily able to fortify his humanitarian zeal with ridicule when, in quoting from the description of the horrors of Walsall Workhouse given by the _Lancet_, he gives two stories showing that workhouse mismanagement in those days, at any rate, was largely the result of crass ignorance:--”

whitewash noun US /ˈwaɪtwɑːʃ/

a defeat in which the losing person or team fails to score

From this reading “So when Mr. Gathorne Hardy had succeeded Mr. C. P. Villiers as President of the Poor Law Board, the alteration in the methods of procedure in regard to investigating workhouse abuses provoked a well-timed and damaging attack on the attempt to whitewash Bumbledom.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

any rate adjective + noun

In this reading “And _Punch_ was happily able to fortify his humanitarian zeal with ridicule when, in quoting from the description of the horrors of Walsall Workhouse given by the _Lancet_, he gives two stories showing that workhouse mismanagement in those days, at any rate, was largely the result of crass ignorance:--”

quoting from verb + particle counted as “quote from”

In this reading “And _Punch_ was happily able to fortify his humanitarian zeal with ridicule when, in quoting from the description of the horrors of Walsall Workhouse given by the _Lancet_, he gives two stories showing that workhouse mismanagement in those days, at any rate, was largely the result of crass ignorance:--”

got up verb + adjective counted as “get up”

rise to one's feet

In this reading “It was suggested in one workhouse board-room that a bath ought unquestionably to be supplied, when a guardian got up and stated "he were agin it."”

come into verb + particle

obtain, especially accidentally

In this reading “[Sidenote: _Ignorant Guardians_] The Derby-Disraeli administration had come into power in the previous month.”

in regard preposition + noun

In this reading “So when Mr. Gathorne Hardy had succeeded Mr. C. P. Villiers as President of the Poor Law Board, the alteration in the methods of procedure in regard to investigating workhouse abuses provoked a well-timed and damaging attack on the attempt to whitewash Bumbledom.”

All words in this reading · 108

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading So when Mr. Gathorne Hardy had succeeded Mr. C. P. Villiers as President of the Poor Law Board, the alteration in the methods of procedure in regard to investigating workhouse abuses provoked a well-timed and damaging attack on the attempt to whitewash Bumbledom.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading And _Punch_ was happily able to fortify his humanitarian zeal with ridicule when, in quoting from the description of the horrors of Walsall Workhouse given by the _Lancet_, he gives two stories showing that workhouse mismanagement in those days, at any rate, was largely the result of crass ignorance:--

abusesnounUS /əˈbjuːsɪz/

plural of “abuse” — cruel or inhumane treatment

From this reading So when Mr. Gathorne Hardy had succeeded Mr. C. P. Villiers as President of the Poor Law Board, the alteration in the methods of procedure in regard to investigating workhouse abuses provoked a well-timed and damaging attack on the attempt to whitewash Bumbledom.

administrationnounUS /ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən/

a method of tending to or managing the affairs of a some group of people (especially the group's business affairs)

From this reading [Sidenote: _Ignorant Guardians_] The Derby-Disraeli administration had come into power in the previous month.

agin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was suggested in one workhouse board-room that a bath ought unquestionably to be supplied, when a guardian got up and stated "he were agin it."

alterationnounUS /ˌɔːltərˈeɪʃən/

an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another

From this reading So when Mr. Gathorne Hardy had succeeded Mr. C. P. Villiers as President of the Poor Law Board, the alteration in the methods of procedure in regard to investigating workhouse abuses provoked a well-timed and damaging attack on the attempt to whitewash Bumbledom.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading So when Mr. Gathorne Hardy had succeeded Mr. C. P. Villiers as President of the Poor Law Board, the alteration in the methods of procedure in regard to investigating workhouse abuses provoked a well-timed and damaging attack on the attempt to whitewash Bumbledom.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading And _Punch_ was happily able to fortify his humanitarian zeal with ridicule when, in quoting from the description of the horrors of Walsall Workhouse given by the _Lancet_, he gives two stories showing that workhouse mismanagement in those days, at any rate, was largely the result of crass ignorance:--

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading So when Mr. Gathorne Hardy had succeeded Mr. C. P. Villiers as President of the Poor Law Board, the alteration in the methods of procedure in regard to investigating workhouse abuses provoked a well-timed and damaging attack on the attempt to whitewash Bumbledom.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading And _Punch_ was happily able to fortify his humanitarian zeal with ridicule when, in quoting from the description of the horrors of Walsall Workhouse given by the _Lancet_, he gives two stories showing that workhouse mismanagement in those days, at any rate, was largely the result of crass ignorance:--

attacknounUS /əˈtæk/

(military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons)

From this reading So when Mr. Gathorne Hardy had succeeded Mr. C. P. Villiers as President of the Poor Law Board, the alteration in the methods of procedure in regard to investigating workhouse abuses provoked a well-timed and damaging attack on the attempt to whitewash Bumbledom.

attemptnounUS /əˈtempt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading So when Mr. Gathorne Hardy had succeeded Mr. C. P. Villiers as President of the Poor Law Board, the alteration in the methods of procedure in regard to investigating workhouse abuses provoked a well-timed and damaging attack on the attempt to whitewash Bumbledom.

bathnounUS /bæθ/

a vessel containing liquid in which something is immersed (as to process it or to maintain it at a constant temperature or to lubricate it)

From this reading It was suggested in one workhouse board-room that a bath ought unquestionably to be supplied, when a guardian got up and stated "he were agin it."

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It is a dreary subject, but the principles which ought to govern a Departmental inquiry could not be better expressed.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading It is a dreary subject, but the principles which ought to govern a Departmental inquiry could not be better expressed.

BoardnounUS /bɔːrd/

a committee having supervisory powers

From this reading So when Mr. Gathorne Hardy had succeeded Mr. C. P. Villiers as President of the Poor Law Board, the alteration in the methods of procedure in regard to investigating workhouse abuses provoked a well-timed and damaging attack on the attempt to whitewash Bumbledom.

board-room

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was suggested in one workhouse board-room that a bath ought unquestionably to be supplied, when a guardian got up and stated "he were agin it."

Bumbledom

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading So when Mr. Gathorne Hardy had succeeded Mr. C. P. Villiers as President of the Poor Law Board, the alteration in the methods of procedure in regard to investigating workhouse abuses provoked a well-timed and damaging attack on the attempt to whitewash Bumbledom.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading It is a dreary subject, but the principles which ought to govern a Departmental inquiry could not be better expressed.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading And _Punch_ was happily able to fortify his humanitarian zeal with ridicule when, in quoting from the description of the horrors of Walsall Workhouse given by the _Lancet_, he gives two stories showing that workhouse mismanagement in those days, at any rate, was largely the result of crass ignorance:--

CnounUS /siː/

a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature

From this reading So when Mr. Gathorne Hardy had succeeded Mr. C. P. Villiers as President of the Poor Law Board, the alteration in the methods of procedure in regard to investigating workhouse abuses provoked a well-timed and damaging attack on the attempt to whitewash Bumbledom.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading [Sidenote: _Ignorant Guardians_] The Derby-Disraeli administration had come into power in the previous month.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading It is a dreary subject, but the principles which ought to govern a Departmental inquiry could not be better expressed.

crassadjectiveUS /kræs/

(of persons) so unrefined as to be lacking in discrimination and sensibility

From this reading And _Punch_ was happily able to fortify his humanitarian zeal with ridicule when, in quoting from the description of the horrors of Walsall Workhouse given by the _Lancet_, he gives two stories showing that workhouse mismanagement in those days, at any rate, was largely the result of crass ignorance:--

damagingadjectiveUS /ˈdæmɪdʒɪŋ/

(sometimes followed by “to”) causing harm or injury

From this reading So when Mr. Gathorne Hardy had succeeded Mr. C. P. Villiers as President of the Poor Law Board, the alteration in the methods of procedure in regard to investigating workhouse abuses provoked a well-timed and damaging attack on the attempt to whitewash Bumbledom.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading And _Punch_ was happily able to fortify his humanitarian zeal with ridicule when, in quoting from the description of the horrors of Walsall Workhouse given by the _Lancet_, he gives two stories showing that workhouse mismanagement in those days, at any rate, was largely the result of crass ignorance:--

DepartmentaladjectiveUS /dɪˌpɑːrtˈmenəl/

of or relating to a department

From this reading It is a dreary subject, but the principles which ought to govern a Departmental inquiry could not be better expressed.

Derby-Disraeli

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: _Ignorant Guardians_] The Derby-Disraeli administration had come into power in the previous month.

descriptionnounUS /dɪˈskrɪpʃən/

a statement that represents something in words

From this reading And _Punch_ was happily able to fortify his humanitarian zeal with ridicule when, in quoting from the description of the horrors of Walsall Workhouse given by the _Lancet_, he gives two stories showing that workhouse mismanagement in those days, at any rate, was largely the result of crass ignorance:--

drearyadjectiveUS /ˈdrɪri/

lacking in liveliness or charm or surprise

From this reading It is a dreary subject, but the principles which ought to govern a Departmental inquiry could not be better expressed.

expressedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈsprest/

communicated in words

From this reading It is a dreary subject, but the principles which ought to govern a Departmental inquiry could not be better expressed.

fortifyverbUS /ˈfɔːrtɪfaɪ/

make strong or stronger

From this reading And _Punch_ was happily able to fortify his humanitarian zeal with ridicule when, in quoting from the description of the horrors of Walsall Workhouse given by the _Lancet_, he gives two stories showing that workhouse mismanagement in those days, at any rate, was largely the result of crass ignorance:--

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading And _Punch_ was happily able to fortify his humanitarian zeal with ridicule when, in quoting from the description of the horrors of Walsall Workhouse given by the _Lancet_, he gives two stories showing that workhouse mismanagement in those days, at any rate, was largely the result of crass ignorance:--

Gathorne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading So when Mr. Gathorne Hardy had succeeded Mr. C. P. Villiers as President of the Poor Law Board, the alteration in the methods of procedure in regard to investigating workhouse abuses provoked a well-timed and damaging attack on the attempt to whitewash Bumbledom.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading And _Punch_ was happily able to fortify his humanitarian zeal with ridicule when, in quoting from the description of the horrors of Walsall Workhouse given by the _Lancet_, he gives two stories showing that workhouse mismanagement in those days, at any rate, was largely the result of crass ignorance:--

givesnounUS /ɡɪvz/

plural of “give” — the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length

From this reading And _Punch_ was happily able to fortify his humanitarian zeal with ridicule when, in quoting from the description of the horrors of Walsall Workhouse given by the _Lancet_, he gives two stories showing that workhouse mismanagement in those days, at any rate, was largely the result of crass ignorance:--

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading It was suggested in one workhouse board-room that a bath ought unquestionably to be supplied, when a guardian got up and stated "he were agin it."

governverbUS /ˈɡʌvərn/

bring into conformity with rules or principles or usage; impose regulations

From this reading It is a dreary subject, but the principles which ought to govern a Departmental inquiry could not be better expressed.

guardiannounUS /ˈɡɑːrdiən/

a person who cares for persons or property

From this reading It was suggested in one workhouse board-room that a bath ought unquestionably to be supplied, when a guardian got up and stated "he were agin it."

GuardiansnounUS /ˈɡɑːrdiənz/

plural of “guardian” — a person who cares for persons or property

From this reading [Sidenote: _Ignorant Guardians_] The Derby-Disraeli administration had come into power in the previous month.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading [Sidenote: _Ignorant Guardians_] The Derby-Disraeli administration had come into power in the previous month.

happilyadverbUS /ˈhæpəli/

in a joyous manner

From this reading And _Punch_ was happily able to fortify his humanitarian zeal with ridicule when, in quoting from the description of the horrors of Walsall Workhouse given by the _Lancet_, he gives two stories showing that workhouse mismanagement in those days, at any rate, was largely the result of crass ignorance:--

HardyadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːrdi/

having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships

From this reading So when Mr. Gathorne Hardy had succeeded Mr. C. P. Villiers as President of the Poor Law Board, the alteration in the methods of procedure in regard to investigating workhouse abuses provoked a well-timed and damaging attack on the attempt to whitewash Bumbledom.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading And _Punch_ was happily able to fortify his humanitarian zeal with ridicule when, in quoting from the description of the horrors of Walsall Workhouse given by the _Lancet_, he gives two stories showing that workhouse mismanagement in those days, at any rate, was largely the result of crass ignorance:--

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading And _Punch_ was happily able to fortify his humanitarian zeal with ridicule when, in quoting from the description of the horrors of Walsall Workhouse given by the _Lancet_, he gives two stories showing that workhouse mismanagement in those days, at any rate, was largely the result of crass ignorance:--

horrorsnounUS /ˈhɔːrərz/

plural of “horror” — intense and profound fear

From this reading And _Punch_ was happily able to fortify his humanitarian zeal with ridicule when, in quoting from the description of the horrors of Walsall Workhouse given by the _Lancet_, he gives two stories showing that workhouse mismanagement in those days, at any rate, was largely the result of crass ignorance:--

humanitarianadjectiveUS /ˌhjuːmænəˈteriən/

marked by humanistic values and devotion to human welfare

From this reading And _Punch_ was happily able to fortify his humanitarian zeal with ridicule when, in quoting from the description of the horrors of Walsall Workhouse given by the _Lancet_, he gives two stories showing that workhouse mismanagement in those days, at any rate, was largely the result of crass ignorance:--

ignorancenounUS /ˈɪɡnərəns/

the lack of knowledge or education

From this reading And _Punch_ was happily able to fortify his humanitarian zeal with ridicule when, in quoting from the description of the horrors of Walsall Workhouse given by the _Lancet_, he gives two stories showing that workhouse mismanagement in those days, at any rate, was largely the result of crass ignorance:--

IgnorantadjectiveUS /ˈɪɡnərənt/

uneducated in general; lacking knowledge or sophistication

From this reading [Sidenote: _Ignorant Guardians_] The Derby-Disraeli administration had come into power in the previous month.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading [Sidenote: _Ignorant Guardians_] The Derby-Disraeli administration had come into power in the previous month.

inquirynounUS /ˌɪnˈkwaɪriː/

a search for knowledge

From this reading It is a dreary subject, but the principles which ought to govern a Departmental inquiry could not be better expressed.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading [Sidenote: _Ignorant Guardians_] The Derby-Disraeli administration had come into power in the previous month.

investigatingnounUS /ˌɪnˈvestəɡeɪtɪŋ/

the work of inquiring into something thoroughly and systematically

From this reading So when Mr. Gathorne Hardy had succeeded Mr. C. P. Villiers as President of the Poor Law Board, the alteration in the methods of procedure in regard to investigating workhouse abuses provoked a well-timed and damaging attack on the attempt to whitewash Bumbledom.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is a dreary subject, but the principles which ought to govern a Departmental inquiry could not be better expressed.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is a dreary subject, but the principles which ought to govern a Departmental inquiry could not be better expressed.

LancetnounUS /ˈlænsət/

an acutely pointed Gothic arch, like a lance

From this reading And _Punch_ was happily able to fortify his humanitarian zeal with ridicule when, in quoting from the description of the horrors of Walsall Workhouse given by the _Lancet_, he gives two stories showing that workhouse mismanagement in those days, at any rate, was largely the result of crass ignorance:--

largelyadverbUS /ˈlɑːrdʒli/

in large part; mainly or chiefly

From this reading And _Punch_ was happily able to fortify his humanitarian zeal with ridicule when, in quoting from the description of the horrors of Walsall Workhouse given by the _Lancet_, he gives two stories showing that workhouse mismanagement in those days, at any rate, was largely the result of crass ignorance:--

LawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading So when Mr. Gathorne Hardy had succeeded Mr. C. P. Villiers as President of the Poor Law Board, the alteration in the methods of procedure in regard to investigating workhouse abuses provoked a well-timed and damaging attack on the attempt to whitewash Bumbledom.

methodsnounUS /ˈmeθədz/

plural of “method” — a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)

From this reading So when Mr. Gathorne Hardy had succeeded Mr. C. P. Villiers as President of the Poor Law Board, the alteration in the methods of procedure in regard to investigating workhouse abuses provoked a well-timed and damaging attack on the attempt to whitewash Bumbledom.

mismanagementnounUS /mɪˈsmænɪdʒmənt/

management that is careless or inefficient

From this reading And _Punch_ was happily able to fortify his humanitarian zeal with ridicule when, in quoting from the description of the horrors of Walsall Workhouse given by the _Lancet_, he gives two stories showing that workhouse mismanagement in those days, at any rate, was largely the result of crass ignorance:--

monthnounUS /mʌnθ/

one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading [Sidenote: _Ignorant Guardians_] The Derby-Disraeli administration had come into power in the previous month.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading So when Mr. Gathorne Hardy had succeeded Mr. C. P. Villiers as President of the Poor Law Board, the alteration in the methods of procedure in regard to investigating workhouse abuses provoked a well-timed and damaging attack on the attempt to whitewash Bumbledom.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It is a dreary subject, but the principles which ought to govern a Departmental inquiry could not be better expressed.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading So when Mr. Gathorne Hardy had succeeded Mr. C. P. Villiers as President of the Poor Law Board, the alteration in the methods of procedure in regard to investigating workhouse abuses provoked a well-timed and damaging attack on the attempt to whitewash Bumbledom.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading So when Mr. Gathorne Hardy had succeeded Mr. C. P. Villiers as President of the Poor Law Board, the alteration in the methods of procedure in regard to investigating workhouse abuses provoked a well-timed and damaging attack on the attempt to whitewash Bumbledom.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading It was suggested in one workhouse board-room that a bath ought unquestionably to be supplied, when a guardian got up and stated "he were agin it."

oughtmodal verbUS /ɔːt/

used with “to” to say what is right or advisable

From this reading It is a dreary subject, but the principles which ought to govern a Departmental inquiry could not be better expressed.

PnounUS /piː/

a multivalent nonmetallic element of the nitrogen family that occurs commonly in inorganic phosphate rocks and as organic phosphates in all living cells; is highly reactive and occurs in several allotropic forms

From this reading So when Mr. Gathorne Hardy had succeeded Mr. C. P. Villiers as President of the Poor Law Board, the alteration in the methods of procedure in regard to investigating workhouse abuses provoked a well-timed and damaging attack on the attempt to whitewash Bumbledom.

PooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading So when Mr. Gathorne Hardy had succeeded Mr. C. P. Villiers as President of the Poor Law Board, the alteration in the methods of procedure in regard to investigating workhouse abuses provoked a well-timed and damaging attack on the attempt to whitewash Bumbledom.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading [Sidenote: _Ignorant Guardians_] The Derby-Disraeli administration had come into power in the previous month.

PresidentnounUS /ˈprezədent/

an executive officer of a firm or corporation

From this reading So when Mr. Gathorne Hardy had succeeded Mr. C. P. Villiers as President of the Poor Law Board, the alteration in the methods of procedure in regard to investigating workhouse abuses provoked a well-timed and damaging attack on the attempt to whitewash Bumbledom.

previousadjectiveUS /ˈpriːviəs/

just preceding something else in time or order

From this reading [Sidenote: _Ignorant Guardians_] The Derby-Disraeli administration had come into power in the previous month.

principlesnounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəlz/

plural of “principle” — a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading It is a dreary subject, but the principles which ought to govern a Departmental inquiry could not be better expressed.

procedurenounUS /prəˈsiːdʒər/

a particular course of action intended to achieve a result

From this reading So when Mr. Gathorne Hardy had succeeded Mr. C. P. Villiers as President of the Poor Law Board, the alteration in the methods of procedure in regard to investigating workhouse abuses provoked a well-timed and damaging attack on the attempt to whitewash Bumbledom.

provokedadjectiveUS /prəˈvoʊkt/

incited, especially deliberately, to anger

From this reading So when Mr. Gathorne Hardy had succeeded Mr. C. P. Villiers as President of the Poor Law Board, the alteration in the methods of procedure in regard to investigating workhouse abuses provoked a well-timed and damaging attack on the attempt to whitewash Bumbledom.

PunchverbUS /pʌntʃ/

deliver a quick blow to

From this reading And _Punch_ was happily able to fortify his humanitarian zeal with ridicule when, in quoting from the description of the horrors of Walsall Workhouse given by the _Lancet_, he gives two stories showing that workhouse mismanagement in those days, at any rate, was largely the result of crass ignorance:--

quotingverbUS /ˈkwoʊtɪŋ/

-ing form of “quote” — repeat a passage from

From this reading And _Punch_ was happily able to fortify his humanitarian zeal with ridicule when, in quoting from the description of the horrors of Walsall Workhouse given by the _Lancet_, he gives two stories showing that workhouse mismanagement in those days, at any rate, was largely the result of crass ignorance:--

ratenounUS /reɪt/

a magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit

From this reading And _Punch_ was happily able to fortify his humanitarian zeal with ridicule when, in quoting from the description of the horrors of Walsall Workhouse given by the _Lancet_, he gives two stories showing that workhouse mismanagement in those days, at any rate, was largely the result of crass ignorance:--

regardnounUS /rɪˈɡɑːrd/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading So when Mr. Gathorne Hardy had succeeded Mr. C. P. Villiers as President of the Poor Law Board, the alteration in the methods of procedure in regard to investigating workhouse abuses provoked a well-timed and damaging attack on the attempt to whitewash Bumbledom.

resultnounUS /rɪˈzʌlt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading And _Punch_ was happily able to fortify his humanitarian zeal with ridicule when, in quoting from the description of the horrors of Walsall Workhouse given by the _Lancet_, he gives two stories showing that workhouse mismanagement in those days, at any rate, was largely the result of crass ignorance:--

ridiculenounUS /ˈrɪdəkjuːl/

language or behavior intended to mock or humiliate

From this reading And _Punch_ was happily able to fortify his humanitarian zeal with ridicule when, in quoting from the description of the horrors of Walsall Workhouse given by the _Lancet_, he gives two stories showing that workhouse mismanagement in those days, at any rate, was largely the result of crass ignorance:--

showingnounUS /ˈʃoʊɪŋ/

the display of a motion picture

From this reading And _Punch_ was happily able to fortify his humanitarian zeal with ridicule when, in quoting from the description of the horrors of Walsall Workhouse given by the _Lancet_, he gives two stories showing that workhouse mismanagement in those days, at any rate, was largely the result of crass ignorance:--

Sidenote

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: _Ignorant Guardians_] The Derby-Disraeli administration had come into power in the previous month.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So when Mr. Gathorne Hardy had succeeded Mr. C. P. Villiers as President of the Poor Law Board, the alteration in the methods of procedure in regard to investigating workhouse abuses provoked a well-timed and damaging attack on the attempt to whitewash Bumbledom.

statedadjectiveUS /ˈsteɪtɪd/

declared as fact; explicitly stated

From this reading It was suggested in one workhouse board-room that a bath ought unquestionably to be supplied, when a guardian got up and stated "he were agin it."

storiesnounUS /ˈstɔːriz/

plural of “story” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading And _Punch_ was happily able to fortify his humanitarian zeal with ridicule when, in quoting from the description of the horrors of Walsall Workhouse given by the _Lancet_, he gives two stories showing that workhouse mismanagement in those days, at any rate, was largely the result of crass ignorance:--

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading It is a dreary subject, but the principles which ought to govern a Departmental inquiry could not be better expressed.

succeededverbUS /səkˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “succeed” — attain success or reach a desired goal

From this reading So when Mr. Gathorne Hardy had succeeded Mr. C. P. Villiers as President of the Poor Law Board, the alteration in the methods of procedure in regard to investigating workhouse abuses provoked a well-timed and damaging attack on the attempt to whitewash Bumbledom.

suggestedverbUS /səˈdʒestɪd/

past form of “suggest” — make a proposal, declare a plan for something

From this reading It was suggested in one workhouse board-room that a bath ought unquestionably to be supplied, when a guardian got up and stated "he were agin it."

suppliedverbUS /səˈplaɪd/

inflected form of “supply” — give something useful or necessary to

From this reading It was suggested in one workhouse board-room that a bath ought unquestionably to be supplied, when a guardian got up and stated "he were agin it."

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading And _Punch_ was happily able to fortify his humanitarian zeal with ridicule when, in quoting from the description of the horrors of Walsall Workhouse given by the _Lancet_, he gives two stories showing that workhouse mismanagement in those days, at any rate, was largely the result of crass ignorance:--

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading [Sidenote: _Ignorant Guardians_] The Derby-Disraeli administration had come into power in the previous month.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading And _Punch_ was happily able to fortify his humanitarian zeal with ridicule when, in quoting from the description of the horrors of Walsall Workhouse given by the _Lancet_, he gives two stories showing that workhouse mismanagement in those days, at any rate, was largely the result of crass ignorance:--

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading So when Mr. Gathorne Hardy had succeeded Mr. C. P. Villiers as President of the Poor Law Board, the alteration in the methods of procedure in regard to investigating workhouse abuses provoked a well-timed and damaging attack on the attempt to whitewash Bumbledom.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading And _Punch_ was happily able to fortify his humanitarian zeal with ridicule when, in quoting from the description of the horrors of Walsall Workhouse given by the _Lancet_, he gives two stories showing that workhouse mismanagement in those days, at any rate, was largely the result of crass ignorance:--

unquestionablyadverbUS /ənˈkwestʃənəbli/

without question

From this reading It was suggested in one workhouse board-room that a bath ought unquestionably to be supplied, when a guardian got up and stated "he were agin it."

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading It was suggested in one workhouse board-room that a bath ought unquestionably to be supplied, when a guardian got up and stated "he were agin it."

Villiers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading So when Mr. Gathorne Hardy had succeeded Mr. C. P. Villiers as President of the Poor Law Board, the alteration in the methods of procedure in regard to investigating workhouse abuses provoked a well-timed and damaging attack on the attempt to whitewash Bumbledom.

Walsall

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And _Punch_ was happily able to fortify his humanitarian zeal with ridicule when, in quoting from the description of the horrors of Walsall Workhouse given by the _Lancet_, he gives two stories showing that workhouse mismanagement in those days, at any rate, was largely the result of crass ignorance:--

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading And _Punch_ was happily able to fortify his humanitarian zeal with ridicule when, in quoting from the description of the horrors of Walsall Workhouse given by the _Lancet_, he gives two stories showing that workhouse mismanagement in those days, at any rate, was largely the result of crass ignorance:--

well-timedadjective

done or happening at the appropriate or proper time

From this reading So when Mr. Gathorne Hardy had succeeded Mr. C. P. Villiers as President of the Poor Law Board, the alteration in the methods of procedure in regard to investigating workhouse abuses provoked a well-timed and damaging attack on the attempt to whitewash Bumbledom.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It was suggested in one workhouse board-room that a bath ought unquestionably to be supplied, when a guardian got up and stated "he were agin it."

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading So when Mr. Gathorne Hardy had succeeded Mr. C. P. Villiers as President of the Poor Law Board, the alteration in the methods of procedure in regard to investigating workhouse abuses provoked a well-timed and damaging attack on the attempt to whitewash Bumbledom.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It is a dreary subject, but the principles which ought to govern a Departmental inquiry could not be better expressed.

whitewashnounUS /ˈwaɪtwɑːʃ/

a defeat in which the losing person or team fails to score

From this reading So when Mr. Gathorne Hardy had succeeded Mr. C. P. Villiers as President of the Poor Law Board, the alteration in the methods of procedure in regard to investigating workhouse abuses provoked a well-timed and damaging attack on the attempt to whitewash Bumbledom.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading And _Punch_ was happily able to fortify his humanitarian zeal with ridicule when, in quoting from the description of the horrors of Walsall Workhouse given by the _Lancet_, he gives two stories showing that workhouse mismanagement in those days, at any rate, was largely the result of crass ignorance:--

workhousenoun

a poorhouse where able-bodied poor are compelled to labor

From this reading So when Mr. Gathorne Hardy had succeeded Mr. C. P. Villiers as President of the Poor Law Board, the alteration in the methods of procedure in regard to investigating workhouse abuses provoked a well-timed and damaging attack on the attempt to whitewash Bumbledom.

zealnounUS /ziːl/

a feeling of strong eagerness (usually in favor of a person or cause)

From this reading And _Punch_ was happily able to fortify his humanitarian zeal with ridicule when, in quoting from the description of the horrors of Walsall Workhouse given by the _Lancet_, he gives two stories showing that workhouse mismanagement in those days, at any rate, was largely the result of crass ignorance:--

Chapter 2 of Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2 by Charles L. (Charles Larcom) Graves holds 432 sentences, grouped into 87 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2 contain?

Chapter 2 holds 432 sentences of Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2, unabridged, divided into 87 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2 by Charles L. (Charles Larcom) Graves exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 432 sentences, grouped into 87 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2?

Work through the 87 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 87 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2

Common questions about reading Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2 by Charles L. (Charles Larcom) Graves on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2?

Yes. All 3357 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #45003 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #45003, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2 take to read?

About 279 minutes of reading across 672 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2 section by section

How to work through Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2

Words and structures a reader meets early in Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Punch's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
History
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Modern
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
England
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.