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Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2
Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2 is here in full — 429 sentences across 86 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2
Context Illustration Reading 1/85 · 5 lines
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[Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.
The economics of marriage, again, were becoming an increasingly important consideration as a result of the raising of the standard of life and the cost of living.
In the 'forties _Punch_ printed a song of which the refrain was "If I had a thousand a year," which represented a sum almost beyond the dreams of middle-class avarice, to judge by all the things the dreamer would do and all the luxuries he would indulge in, if his income reached four figures.
In 1858 _The Times_ started a serious discussion of the problem "Marriage on £300 a year," which the same audience nowadays would regard not as practical politics but an act of insanity.
_Punch,_ however, satirized the discussion from the point of view of an agricultural labourer earning a wage of 10s. a week.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2 is here in full — 429 sentences across 86 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/85 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
[Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.
Line 2
The economics of marriage, again, were becoming an increasingly important consideration as a result of the raising of the standard of life and the cost of living.
/ðə ˌekəˈnɑːmɪks ʌv ˈmerɪdʒ əˈɡen wɜːr bɪˈkʌmɪŋ æn ɪnˈkriːsɪŋli ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən æz ə rɪˈzʌlt ʌv ðə ˈreɪzɪŋ ʌv ðə ˈstændərd ʌv laɪf ənd ðə kɑːst ʌv ˈlɪvɪŋ/
Line 3
In the 'forties _Punch_ printed a song of which the refrain was "If I had a thousand a year," which represented a sum almost beyond the dreams of middle-class avarice, to judge by all the things the dreamer would do and all the luxuries he would indulge in, if his income reached four figures.
/ɪn ðə ˈfɔːrtiz pʌntʃ ˈprɪntɪd ə sɔːŋ ʌv wɪtʃ ðə rɪˈfreɪn wɑːz ɪf aɪ hæd ə ˈθaʊzənd ə jɪr wɪtʃ ˌreprɪˈzentɪd ə sʌm ˈɔːlmoʊst bɪˈɑːnd ðə driːmz ʌv ˈmɪdəlˈklæs ˈæv.ər.ɪs tuː dʒʌdʒ baɪ ɔːl ðə θɪŋz ðə ˈdriːmər wʊd duː ənd ɔːl ðə ˈlʌɡʒəriz hiː wʊd ˌɪnˈdʌldʒ ɪn ɪf hɪz ˈɪnkʌm riːtʃt fɔːr ˈfɪɡjərz/
Line 4
In 1858 _The Times_ started a serious discussion of the problem "Marriage on £300 a year," which the same audience nowadays would regard not as practical politics but an act of insanity.
Line 5
_Punch,_ however, satirized the discussion from the point of view of an agricultural labourer earning a wage of 10s. a week.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

dreamer noun US /ˈdriːmər/

someone who is dreaming

From this reading “In the 'forties _Punch_ printed a song of which the refrain was "If I had a thousand a year," which represented a sum almost beyond the dreams of middle-class avarice, to judge by all the things the dreamer would do and all the luxuries he would indulge in, if his income reached four figures.”

economics noun US /ˌekəˈnɑːmɪks/

the branch of social science that deals with the production and distribution and consumption of goods and services and their management

From this reading “[Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.”

forties noun US /ˈfɔːrtiz/

the time of life between 40 and 50

From this reading “In the 'forties _Punch_ printed a song of which the refrain was "If I had a thousand a year," which represented a sum almost beyond the dreams of middle-class avarice, to judge by all the things the dreamer would do and all the luxuries he would indulge in, if his income reached four figures.”

increasingly adverb US /ɪnˈkriːsɪŋli/

advancing in amount or intensity

From this reading “The economics of marriage, again, were becoming an increasingly important consideration as a result of the raising of the standard of life and the cost of living.”

matrimonial adjective US /ˌmætrəˈmoʊniəl/

of or relating to the state of marriage

From this reading “[Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.”

middle-class adjective US /ˈmɪdəlˈklæs/

occupying a socioeconomic position intermediate between those of the lower classes and the wealthy

From this reading “In the 'forties _Punch_ printed a song of which the refrain was "If I had a thousand a year," which represented a sum almost beyond the dreams of middle-class avarice, to judge by all the things the dreamer would do and all the luxuries he would indulge in, if his income reached four figures.”

servitude noun US /ˈsɜːrvətuːd/

state of subjection to an owner or master or forced labor imposed as punishment

From this reading “[Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.”

wage noun US /weɪdʒ/

something that remunerates

From this reading “_Punch,_ however, satirized the discussion from the point of view of an agricultural labourer earning a wage of 10s. a week.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

practical politics adjective + noun

politics based on practical rather than moral or ideological considerations

In this reading “In 1858 _The Times_ started a serious discussion of the problem "Marriage on £300 a year," which the same audience nowadays would regard not as practical politics but an act of insanity.”

important consideration adjective + noun

In this reading “The economics of marriage, again, were becoming an increasingly important consideration as a result of the raising of the standard of life and the cost of living.”

indulge in verb + particle

In this reading “In the 'forties _Punch_ printed a song of which the refrain was "If I had a thousand a year," which represented a sum almost beyond the dreams of middle-class avarice, to judge by all the things the dreamer would do and all the luxuries he would indulge in, if his income reached four figures.”

stupid enough adjective + noun

In this reading “[Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.”

judge by verb + particle

In this reading “In the 'forties _Punch_ printed a song of which the refrain was "If I had a thousand a year," which represented a sum almost beyond the dreams of middle-class avarice, to judge by all the things the dreamer would do and all the luxuries he would indulge in, if his income reached four figures.”

act of verb + particle

In this reading “In 1858 _The Times_ started a serious discussion of the problem "Marriage on £300 a year," which the same audience nowadays would regard not as practical politics but an act of insanity.”

All words in this reading · 127

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

10

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Punch,_ however, satirized the discussion from the point of view of an agricultural labourer earning a wage of 10s. a week.

1858

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1858 _The Times_ started a serious discussion of the problem "Marriage on £300 a year," which the same audience nowadays would regard not as practical politics but an act of insanity.

300

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1858 _The Times_ started a serious discussion of the problem "Marriage on £300 a year," which the same audience nowadays would regard not as practical politics but an act of insanity.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The economics of marriage, again, were becoming an increasingly important consideration as a result of the raising of the standard of life and the cost of living.

actverbUS /ækt/

perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading In 1858 _The Times_ started a serious discussion of the problem "Marriage on £300 a year," which the same audience nowadays would regard not as practical politics but an act of insanity.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

agriculturaladjectiveUS /ˌæɡrəˈkʌltʃərəl/

relating to or used in or promoting agriculture or farming

From this reading _Punch,_ however, satirized the discussion from the point of view of an agricultural labourer earning a wage of 10s. a week.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading In the 'forties _Punch_ printed a song of which the refrain was "If I had a thousand a year," which represented a sum almost beyond the dreams of middle-class avarice, to judge by all the things the dreamer would do and all the luxuries he would indulge in, if his income reached four figures.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The economics of marriage, again, were becoming an increasingly important consideration as a result of the raising of the standard of life and the cost of living.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

audiencenounUS /ˈɑːdiəns/

a gathering of spectators or listeners at a (usually public) performance

From this reading In 1858 _The Times_ started a serious discussion of the problem "Marriage on £300 a year," which the same audience nowadays would regard not as practical politics but an act of insanity.

avaricenounUS /ˈæv.ər.ɪs/

Extreme greed for wealth or material gain.

From this reading In the 'forties _Punch_ printed a song of which the refrain was "If I had a thousand a year," which represented a sum almost beyond the dreams of middle-class avarice, to judge by all the things the dreamer would do and all the luxuries he would indulge in, if his income reached four figures.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

be-all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

becomingadjectiveUS /bɪˈkʌmɪŋ/

according with custom or propriety

From this reading The economics of marriage, again, were becoming an increasingly important consideration as a result of the raising of the standard of life and the cost of living.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading In the 'forties _Punch_ printed a song of which the refrain was "If I had a thousand a year," which represented a sum almost beyond the dreams of middle-class avarice, to judge by all the things the dreamer would do and all the luxuries he would indulge in, if his income reached four figures.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

choicenounUS /tʃɔɪs/

the person or thing chosen or selected

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

choseverbUS /tʃoʊz/

inflected form of “choose” — pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

chosennounUS /ˈtʃoʊzən/

one who is the object of choice; who is given preference

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

considerationnounUS /kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən/

the process of giving careful thought to something

From this reading The economics of marriage, again, were becoming an increasingly important consideration as a result of the raising of the standard of life and the cost of living.

costnounUS /kɑːst/

the total spent for goods or services including money and time and labor

From this reading The economics of marriage, again, were becoming an increasingly important consideration as a result of the raising of the standard of life and the cost of living.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

discussionnounUS /dɪˈskʌʃən/

an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic

From this reading In 1858 _The Times_ started a serious discussion of the problem "Marriage on £300 a year," which the same audience nowadays would regard not as practical politics but an act of insanity.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading In the 'forties _Punch_ printed a song of which the refrain was "If I had a thousand a year," which represented a sum almost beyond the dreams of middle-class avarice, to judge by all the things the dreamer would do and all the luxuries he would indulge in, if his income reached four figures.

dreamernounUS /ˈdriːmər/

someone who is dreaming

From this reading In the 'forties _Punch_ printed a song of which the refrain was "If I had a thousand a year," which represented a sum almost beyond the dreams of middle-class avarice, to judge by all the things the dreamer would do and all the luxuries he would indulge in, if his income reached four figures.

dreamsnounUS /driːmz/

plural of “dream” — a series of mental images and emotions occurring during sleep

From this reading In the 'forties _Punch_ printed a song of which the refrain was "If I had a thousand a year," which represented a sum almost beyond the dreams of middle-class avarice, to judge by all the things the dreamer would do and all the luxuries he would indulge in, if his income reached four figures.

earningverbUS /ˈɜːrnɪŋ/

-ing form of “earn” — earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages

From this reading _Punch,_ however, satirized the discussion from the point of view of an agricultural labourer earning a wage of 10s. a week.

EconomicsnounUS /ˌekəˈnɑːmɪks/

the branch of social science that deals with the production and distribution and consumption of goods and services and their management

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

end-allnoun

the ultimate goal

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

excellentadjectiveUS /ˈeksələnt/

very good; of the highest quality

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

figuresnounUS /ˈfɪɡjərz/

plural of “figure” — a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading In the 'forties _Punch_ printed a song of which the refrain was "If I had a thousand a year," which represented a sum almost beyond the dreams of middle-class avarice, to judge by all the things the dreamer would do and all the luxuries he would indulge in, if his income reached four figures.

fortiesnounUS /ˈfɔːrtiz/

the time of life between 40 and 50

From this reading In the 'forties _Punch_ printed a song of which the refrain was "If I had a thousand a year," which represented a sum almost beyond the dreams of middle-class avarice, to judge by all the things the dreamer would do and all the luxuries he would indulge in, if his income reached four figures.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading In the 'forties _Punch_ printed a song of which the refrain was "If I had a thousand a year," which represented a sum almost beyond the dreams of middle-class avarice, to judge by all the things the dreamer would do and all the luxuries he would indulge in, if his income reached four figures.

franklyadverbUS /ˈfræŋkli/

(used as intensives reflecting the speaker's attitude) it is sincerely the case that

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading _Punch,_ however, satirized the discussion from the point of view of an agricultural labourer earning a wage of 10s. a week.

girlsnounUS /ɡɜːrlz/

plural of “girl” — a young female

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

governednounUS /ˈɡʌvərnd/

the body of people who are citizens of a particular government

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In the 'forties _Punch_ printed a song of which the refrain was "If I had a thousand a year," which represented a sum almost beyond the dreams of middle-class avarice, to judge by all the things the dreamer would do and all the luxuries he would indulge in, if his income reached four figures.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In the 'forties _Punch_ printed a song of which the refrain was "If I had a thousand a year," which represented a sum almost beyond the dreams of middle-class avarice, to judge by all the things the dreamer would do and all the luxuries he would indulge in, if his income reached four figures.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading _Punch,_ however, satirized the discussion from the point of view of an agricultural labourer earning a wage of 10s. a week.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading In the 'forties _Punch_ printed a song of which the refrain was "If I had a thousand a year," which represented a sum almost beyond the dreams of middle-class avarice, to judge by all the things the dreamer would do and all the luxuries he would indulge in, if his income reached four figures.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading The economics of marriage, again, were becoming an increasingly important consideration as a result of the raising of the standard of life and the cost of living.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

incomenounUS /ˈɪnkʌm/

the financial gain (earned or unearned) accruing over a given period of time

From this reading In the 'forties _Punch_ printed a song of which the refrain was "If I had a thousand a year," which represented a sum almost beyond the dreams of middle-class avarice, to judge by all the things the dreamer would do and all the luxuries he would indulge in, if his income reached four figures.

increasinglyadverbUS /ɪnˈkriːsɪŋli/

advancing in amount or intensity

From this reading The economics of marriage, again, were becoming an increasingly important consideration as a result of the raising of the standard of life and the cost of living.

independencenounUS /ˌɪndɪˈpendəns/

freedom from control or influence of another or others

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

indulgeverbUS /ˌɪnˈdʌldʒ/

give free rein to

From this reading In the 'forties _Punch_ printed a song of which the refrain was "If I had a thousand a year," which represented a sum almost beyond the dreams of middle-class avarice, to judge by all the things the dreamer would do and all the luxuries he would indulge in, if his income reached four figures.

insanitynounUS /ˌɪnˈsænəti/

relatively permanent disorder of the mind

From this reading In 1858 _The Times_ started a serious discussion of the problem "Marriage on £300 a year," which the same audience nowadays would regard not as practical politics but an act of insanity.

judgeverbUS /dʒʌdʒ/

determine the result of (a competition)

From this reading In the 'forties _Punch_ printed a song of which the refrain was "If I had a thousand a year," which represented a sum almost beyond the dreams of middle-class avarice, to judge by all the things the dreamer would do and all the luxuries he would indulge in, if his income reached four figures.

labourernoun

someone who works with their hands; someone engaged in manual labor

From this reading _Punch,_ however, satirized the discussion from the point of view of an agricultural labourer earning a wage of 10s. a week.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading The economics of marriage, again, were becoming an increasingly important consideration as a result of the raising of the standard of life and the cost of living.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading The economics of marriage, again, were becoming an increasingly important consideration as a result of the raising of the standard of life and the cost of living.

looksnounUS /lʊks/

plural of “look” — the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

luxuriesnounUS /ˈlʌɡʒəriz/

plural of “luxury” — something that is an indulgence rather than a necessity

From this reading In the 'forties _Punch_ printed a song of which the refrain was "If I had a thousand a year," which represented a sum almost beyond the dreams of middle-class avarice, to judge by all the things the dreamer would do and all the luxuries he would indulge in, if his income reached four figures.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

MarriagenounUS /ˈmerɪdʒ/

the state of being a married couple voluntarily joined for life (or until divorce)

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

marryverbUS /ˈmeri/

take in marriage

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

matrimonialadjectiveUS /ˌmætrəˈmoʊniəl/

of or relating to the state of marriage

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

matrimonynounUS /ˈmætrəmoʊni/

the state of being a married couple voluntarily joined for life (or until divorce)

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

middle-classadjectiveUS /ˈmɪdəlˈklæs/

occupying a socioeconomic position intermediate between those of the lower classes and the wealthy

From this reading In the 'forties _Punch_ printed a song of which the refrain was "If I had a thousand a year," which represented a sum almost beyond the dreams of middle-class avarice, to judge by all the things the dreamer would do and all the luxuries he would indulge in, if his income reached four figures.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

nowadaysnounUS /ˈnaʊədeɪz/

the period of time that is happening now; any continuous stretch of time including the moment of speech

From this reading In 1858 _The Times_ started a serious discussion of the problem "Marriage on £300 a year," which the same audience nowadays would regard not as practical politics but an act of insanity.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading In 1858 _The Times_ started a serious discussion of the problem "Marriage on £300 a year," which the same audience nowadays would regard not as practical politics but an act of insanity.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading _Punch,_ however, satirized the discussion from the point of view of an agricultural labourer earning a wage of 10s. a week.

politicsnounUS /ˈpɑːlətɪks/

social relations involving intrigue to gain authority or power

From this reading In 1858 _The Times_ started a serious discussion of the problem "Marriage on £300 a year," which the same audience nowadays would regard not as practical politics but an act of insanity.

practicaladjectiveUS /ˈpræktəkəl/

concerned with actual use or practice

From this reading In 1858 _The Times_ started a serious discussion of the problem "Marriage on £300 a year," which the same audience nowadays would regard not as practical politics but an act of insanity.

preferredadjectiveUS /prəˈfɜːrd/

more desirable than another

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

printedverbUS /ˈprɪntɪd/

past form of “print” — put into print

From this reading In the 'forties _Punch_ printed a song of which the refrain was "If I had a thousand a year," which represented a sum almost beyond the dreams of middle-class avarice, to judge by all the things the dreamer would do and all the luxuries he would indulge in, if his income reached four figures.

problemnounUS /ˈprɑːbləm/

a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved

From this reading In 1858 _The Times_ started a serious discussion of the problem "Marriage on £300 a year," which the same audience nowadays would regard not as practical politics but an act of insanity.

PunchverbUS /pʌntʃ/

deliver a quick blow to

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

raisingnounUS /ˈreɪzɪŋ/

the event of something being raised upward

From this reading The economics of marriage, again, were becoming an increasingly important consideration as a result of the raising of the standard of life and the cost of living.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading In the 'forties _Punch_ printed a song of which the refrain was "If I had a thousand a year," which represented a sum almost beyond the dreams of middle-class avarice, to judge by all the things the dreamer would do and all the luxuries he would indulge in, if his income reached four figures.

recognizedadjectiveUS /ˈrekəɡnaɪzd/

generally approved or compelling recognition

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

refrainverbUS /rɪˈfreɪn/

resist doing something

From this reading In the 'forties _Punch_ printed a song of which the refrain was "If I had a thousand a year," which represented a sum almost beyond the dreams of middle-class avarice, to judge by all the things the dreamer would do and all the luxuries he would indulge in, if his income reached four figures.

regardnounUS /rɪˈɡɑːrd/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading In 1858 _The Times_ started a serious discussion of the problem "Marriage on £300 a year," which the same audience nowadays would regard not as practical politics but an act of insanity.

representedadjectiveUS /ˌreprɪˈzentɪd/

represented accurately or precisely

From this reading In the 'forties _Punch_ printed a song of which the refrain was "If I had a thousand a year," which represented a sum almost beyond the dreams of middle-class avarice, to judge by all the things the dreamer would do and all the luxuries he would indulge in, if his income reached four figures.

resultnounUS /rɪˈzʌlt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading The economics of marriage, again, were becoming an increasingly important consideration as a result of the raising of the standard of life and the cost of living.

snounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading _Punch,_ however, satirized the discussion from the point of view of an agricultural labourer earning a wage of 10s. a week.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading In 1858 _The Times_ started a serious discussion of the problem "Marriage on £300 a year," which the same audience nowadays would regard not as practical politics but an act of insanity.

satirized

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Punch,_ however, satirized the discussion from the point of view of an agricultural labourer earning a wage of 10s. a week.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

seriousadjectiveUS /ˈsɪriəs/

concerned with work or important matters rather than play or trivialities

From this reading In 1858 _The Times_ started a serious discussion of the problem "Marriage on £300 a year," which the same audience nowadays would regard not as practical politics but an act of insanity.

servitudenounUS /ˈsɜːrvətuːd/

state of subjection to an owner or master or forced labor imposed as punishment

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

Sidenote

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

songnounUS /sɔːŋ/

a short musical composition with words

From this reading In the 'forties _Punch_ printed a song of which the refrain was "If I had a thousand a year," which represented a sum almost beyond the dreams of middle-class avarice, to judge by all the things the dreamer would do and all the luxuries he would indulge in, if his income reached four figures.

standardadjectiveUS /ˈstændərd/

conforming to or constituting a standard of measurement or value; or of the usual or regularized or accepted kind

From this reading The economics of marriage, again, were becoming an increasingly important consideration as a result of the raising of the standard of life and the cost of living.

startedverbUS /ˈstɑːrtɪd/

past form of “start” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading In 1858 _The Times_ started a serious discussion of the problem "Marriage on £300 a year," which the same audience nowadays would regard not as practical politics but an act of insanity.

stupidadjectiveUS /ˈstuːpəd/

lacking or marked by lack of intellectual acuity

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

sumnounUS /sʌm/

a quantity of money

From this reading In the 'forties _Punch_ printed a song of which the refrain was "If I had a thousand a year," which represented a sum almost beyond the dreams of middle-class avarice, to judge by all the things the dreamer would do and all the luxuries he would indulge in, if his income reached four figures.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading In the 'forties _Punch_ printed a song of which the refrain was "If I had a thousand a year," which represented a sum almost beyond the dreams of middle-class avarice, to judge by all the things the dreamer would do and all the luxuries he would indulge in, if his income reached four figures.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading In the 'forties _Punch_ printed a song of which the refrain was "If I had a thousand a year," which represented a sum almost beyond the dreams of middle-class avarice, to judge by all the things the dreamer would do and all the luxuries he would indulge in, if his income reached four figures.

TimesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading In 1858 _The Times_ started a serious discussion of the problem "Marriage on £300 a year," which the same audience nowadays would regard not as practical politics but an act of insanity.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

viewnounUS /vjuː/

a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading _Punch,_ however, satirized the discussion from the point of view of an agricultural labourer earning a wage of 10s. a week.

wagenounUS /weɪdʒ/

something that remunerates

From this reading _Punch,_ however, satirized the discussion from the point of view of an agricultural labourer earning a wage of 10s. a week.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

weeknounUS /wiːk/

any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading _Punch,_ however, satirized the discussion from the point of view of an agricultural labourer earning a wage of 10s. a week.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In the 'forties _Punch_ printed a song of which the refrain was "If I had a thousand a year," which represented a sum almost beyond the dreams of middle-class avarice, to judge by all the things the dreamer would do and all the luxuries he would indulge in, if his income reached four figures.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

wishverbUS /wɪʃ/

hope for; have a wish

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

wivesnounUS /waɪvz/

plural of “wife” — a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading [Sidenote: _The Economics of Marriage_] As we have seen, _Punch_ had frankly recognized that matrimony was not and could not be the be-all and end-all of all women--that there were some girls who, though they might marry if they chose, did not wish to; girls who preferred independence to matrimonial servitude; girls, again, who would make excellent wives, but were not chosen because men were stupid enough to be governed in their choice by looks and looks alone.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading In the 'forties _Punch_ printed a song of which the refrain was "If I had a thousand a year," which represented a sum almost beyond the dreams of middle-class avarice, to judge by all the things the dreamer would do and all the luxuries he would indulge in, if his income reached four figures.

Chapter 7 of Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2 by Charles L. (Charles Larcom) Graves holds 429 sentences, grouped into 86 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2 contain?

Chapter 7 holds 429 sentences of Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2, unabridged, divided into 86 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2 by Charles L. (Charles Larcom) Graves exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 429 sentences, grouped into 86 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2?

Work through the 86 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 86 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2

Common questions about reading Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2 by Charles L. (Charles Larcom) Graves on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2?

Yes. All 3357 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #45003 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #45003, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2 take to read?

About 279 minutes of reading across 672 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2 section by section

How to work through Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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Vocabulary met early in Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2

Words and structures a reader meets early in Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Punch's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
History
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Modern
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
England
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mr. Punch's History of Modern England — Vol. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.