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Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist
Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist is here in full — 1788 sentences across 358 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist
Context Illustration Reading 1/357 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
INHABITANTS OF THE AIR.
§ I. RAPTORES.
_Diurnal Birds of Prey._ “But who the various nations can declare, That plough with busy wing the peopled air?
These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.
The tawny Eagle seats his callow brood High on the cliff, and feasts his young with blood.”
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist is here in full — 1788 sentences across 358 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/357 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
INHABITANTS OF THE AIR.
/ɪnˈhæbətənts ʌv ðə er/
Line 2
§ I. RAPTORES.
Line 3
_Diurnal Birds of Prey._ “But who the various nations can declare, That plough with busy wing the peopled air?
/daɪˈɜːrnəl bɜːrdz ʌv preɪ bʌt huː ðə ˈveriəs ˈneɪʃənz kæn dɪˈkler ðæt plaʊ wɪð ˈbɪzi wɪŋ ðə ˈpiːpəld er/
Line 4
These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.
Line 5
The tawny Eagle seats his callow brood High on the cliff, and feasts his young with blood.”
/ðə ˈtɑːni ˈiːɡəl siːts hɪz ˈkæloʊ bruːd haɪ ɑːn ðə klɪf ənd fiːsts hɪz jʌŋ wɪð blʌd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

callow adjective US /ˈkæloʊ/

young and inexperienced

From this reading “The tawny Eagle seats his callow brood High on the cliff, and feasts his young with blood.””

cleave verb US /kliːv/

separate or cut with a tool, such as a sharp instrument

From this reading “These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.”

Diurnal adjective US /daɪˈɜːrnəl/

of or belonging to or active during the day

feasts noun US /fiːsts/

plural of “feast” — a ceremonial dinner party for many people

From this reading “The tawny Eagle seats his callow brood High on the cliff, and feasts his young with blood.””

peopled adjective US /ˈpiːpəld/

furnished with people

From this reading “_Diurnal Birds of Prey._ “But who the various nations can declare, That plough with busy wing the peopled air?”

plumage noun US /ˈpluːmədʒ/

the light horny waterproof structure forming the external covering of birds

From this reading “These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.”

tawny adjective US /ˈtɑːni/

of a light brown to brownish orange color; the color of tanned leather

From this reading “The tawny Eagle seats his callow brood High on the cliff, and feasts his young with blood.””

tyrants noun US /ˈtaɪrənts/

plural of “tyrant” — a cruel and oppressive dictator

From this reading “These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

gather round verb + noun

In this reading “These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.”

household gods noun + noun counted as “household god”

In this reading “These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.”

various nations adjective + noun counted as “various nation”

In this reading “_Diurnal Birds of Prey._ “But who the various nations can declare, That plough with busy wing the peopled air?”

on the cliff preposition + article + noun counted as “on … cliff”

In this reading “The tawny Eagle seats his callow brood High on the cliff, and feasts his young with blood.””

with blood preposition + noun

In this reading “The tawny Eagle seats his callow brood High on the cliff, and feasts his young with blood.””

All words in this reading · 78

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AIRnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading INHABITANTS OF THE AIR.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

barknounUS /bɑːrk/

tough protective covering of the woody stems and roots of trees and other woody plants

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

batheverbUS /beɪð/

cleanse the entire body

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

beaknounUS /biːk/

beaklike mouth of animals other than birds (e.g., turtles)

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

BirdsnounUS /bɜːrdz/

plural of “bird” — warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings

From this reading _Diurnal Birds of Prey._ “But who the various nations can declare, That plough with busy wing the peopled air?

bloodnounUS /blʌd/

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

broodverbUS /bruːd/

think moodily or anxiously about something

From this reading The tawny Eagle seats his callow brood High on the cliff, and feasts his young with blood.”

busyadjectiveUS /ˈbɪzi/

actively or fully engaged or occupied

From this reading _Diurnal Birds of Prey._ “But who the various nations can declare, That plough with busy wing the peopled air?

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading _Diurnal Birds of Prey._ “But who the various nations can declare, That plough with busy wing the peopled air?

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

callowadjectiveUS /ˈkæloʊ/

young and inexperienced

From this reading The tawny Eagle seats his callow brood High on the cliff, and feasts his young with blood.”

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading _Diurnal Birds of Prey._ “But who the various nations can declare, That plough with busy wing the peopled air?

cleaveverbUS /kliːv/

separate or cut with a tool, such as a sharp instrument

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

cliffnounUS /klɪf/

a steep high face of rock

From this reading The tawny Eagle seats his callow brood High on the cliff, and feasts his young with blood.”

crookedadjectiveUS /ˈkrʊkəd/

having or marked by bends or angles; not straight or aligned

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

crumblingverbUS /ˈkrʌmbəlɪŋ/

-ing form of “crumble” — fall apart

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

declareverbUS /dɪˈkler/

state emphatically and authoritatively

From this reading _Diurnal Birds of Prey._ “But who the various nations can declare, That plough with busy wing the peopled air?

dipverbUS /dɪp/

immerse briefly into a liquid so as to wet, coat, or saturate

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

DiurnaladjectiveUS /daɪˈɜːrnəl/

of or belonging to or active during the day

From this reading _Diurnal Birds of Prey._ “But who the various nations can declare, That plough with busy wing the peopled air?

doornounUS /dɔːr/

a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

EaglenounUS /ˈiːɡəl/

any of various large keen-sighted diurnal birds of prey noted for their broad wings and strong soaring flight

From this reading The tawny Eagle seats his callow brood High on the cliff, and feasts his young with blood.”

feastsnounUS /fiːsts/

plural of “feast” — a ceremonial dinner party for many people

From this reading The tawny Eagle seats his callow brood High on the cliff, and feasts his young with blood.”

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

floodsnounUS /flʌdz/

plural of “flood” — the rising of a body of water and its overflowing onto normally dry land

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

flyverbUS /flaɪ/

travel through the air; be airborne

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

foodnounUS /fuːd/

any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

gatherverbUS /ˈɡæðər/

assemble or get together

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

godsnounUS /ɡɑːdz/

plural of “god” — the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

hauntverbUS /hɔːnt/

follow stealthily or recur constantly and spontaneously to

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

HighadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading The tawny Eagle seats his callow brood High on the cliff, and feasts his young with blood.”

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

hospitableadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːˈspɪtəbəl/

favorable to life and growth

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

householdnounUS /ˈhaʊshoʊld/

a social unit living together

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading § I. RAPTORES.

imploreverbUS /ˌɪmˈplɔːr/

call upon in supplication; entreat

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

INHABITANTSnounUS /ɪnˈhæbətənts/

plural of “inhabitant” — a person who inhabits a particular place

From this reading INHABITANTS OF THE AIR.

insectnounUS /ˈɪnsekt/

small air-breathing arthropod

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

kindredadjectiveUS /ˈkɪndrɪd/

similar in quality or character

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

lesseradjectiveUS /ˈlesər/

of less size or importance

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

lonelyadjectiveUS /ˈloʊnli/

lacking companions or companionship

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

moorverbUS /mʊr/

secure in or as if in a berth or dock

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

nationsnounUS /ˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “nation” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading _Diurnal Birds of Prey._ “But who the various nations can declare, That plough with busy wing the peopled air?

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading INHABITANTS OF THE AIR.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The tawny Eagle seats his callow brood High on the cliff, and feasts his young with blood.”

peopledadjectiveUS /ˈpiːpəld/

furnished with people

From this reading _Diurnal Birds of Prey._ “But who the various nations can declare, That plough with busy wing the peopled air?

ploughnounUS /plaʊ/

a group of seven bright stars in the constellation Ursa Major

From this reading _Diurnal Birds of Prey._ “But who the various nations can declare, That plough with busy wing the peopled air?

plumagenounUS /ˈpluːmədʒ/

the light horny waterproof structure forming the external covering of birds

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

PreynounUS /preɪ/

a person who is the aim of an attack (especially a victim of ridicule or exploitation) by some hostile person or influence

From this reading _Diurnal Birds of Prey._ “But who the various nations can declare, That plough with busy wing the peopled air?

protectionnounUS /prəˈtekʃən/

the activity of protecting someone or something

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

RAPTORESnoun

term used in former classifications; erroneously grouped together birds of the orders Falconiformes and Strigiformes

From this reading § I. RAPTORES.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

rushyadjective

abounding in rushes

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

seatsnounUS /siːts/

an area that includes places where several people can sit

From this reading The tawny Eagle seats his callow brood High on the cliff, and feasts his young with blood.”

silvernounUS /ˈsɪlvər/

a soft white precious univalent metallic element having the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal; occurs in argentite and in free form; used in coins and jewelry and tableware and photography

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

tawnyadjectiveUS /ˈtɑːni/

of a light brown to brownish orange color; the color of tanned leather

From this reading The tawny Eagle seats his callow brood High on the cliff, and feasts his young with blood.”

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading _Diurnal Birds of Prey._ “But who the various nations can declare, That plough with busy wing the peopled air?

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading INHABITANTS OF THE AIR.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

ThosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

tyrantsnounUS /ˈtaɪrənts/

plural of “tyrant” — a cruel and oppressive dictator

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading _Diurnal Birds of Prey._ “But who the various nations can declare, That plough with busy wing the peopled air?

WaitverbUS /weɪt/

stay in one place and anticipate or expect something

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading _Diurnal Birds of Prey._ “But who the various nations can declare, That plough with busy wing the peopled air?

wingnounUS /wɪŋ/

a movable organ for flying (one of a pair)

From this reading _Diurnal Birds of Prey._ “But who the various nations can declare, That plough with busy wing the peopled air?

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading _Diurnal Birds of Prey._ “But who the various nations can declare, That plough with busy wing the peopled air?

woodsnounUS /wʊdz/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading These cleave the crumbling bark for insect food, Those dip the crooked beak in kindred blood: Some haunt the rushy moor, the lonely woods; Some bathe their silver plumage in the floods; Some fly to man, his household gods implore, And gather round his hospitable door, Wait the known call, and find protection there From all the lesser tyrants of the air.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading The tawny Eagle seats his callow brood High on the cliff, and feasts his young with blood.”

Chapter 8 of Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist by Mrs. (Jane) Loudon holds 1788 sentences, grouped into 358 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist contain?

Chapter 8 holds 1788 sentences of Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist, unabridged, divided into 358 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist by Mrs. (Jane) Loudon exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 1788 sentences, grouped into 358 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist?

Work through the 358 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 358 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist

Common questions about reading Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist by Mrs. (Jane) Loudon on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist?

Yes. All 6119 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #51166 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #51166, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist take to read?

About 509 minutes of reading across 1224 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist section by section

How to work through Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist

Words and structures a reader meets early in Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Hundred
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Animals
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dallas
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Preface
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.