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Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist
Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist is here in full — 538 sentences across 108 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist
Context Illustration Reading 1/107 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
ARTICULATED ANIMALS.
§ I.
_Annelida, or Ringed Animals._ THESE creatures constitute a class by themselves, under the name of _Annelida_, in the works of modern naturalists.
They are distinguished from the caterpillar and maggot, by undergoing no change, and crawling by means of the annular structure of their bodies.
The _Earth Worm_ has neither bones, eyes, or ears; it has a round, annulated body, with generally an elevated fleshy belt near the head.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist is here in full — 538 sentences across 108 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/107 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ARTICULATED ANIMALS.
/ɑːrˈtɪkjəleɪtɪd ˈænəməlz/
Line 2
§ I.
/aɪ/
Line 3
_Annelida, or Ringed Animals._ THESE creatures constitute a class by themselves, under the name of _Annelida_, in the works of modern naturalists.
Line 4
They are distinguished from the caterpillar and maggot, by undergoing no change, and crawling by means of the annular structure of their bodies.
/ðeɪ ɑːr dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt frʌm ðə ˈkætəpɪlər ənd ˈmæɡət baɪ ˌʌndərˈɡoʊɪŋ noʊ tʃeɪndʒ ənd ˈkrɔːlɪŋ baɪ miːnz ʌv ðə ˈænjələr ˈstrʌktʃər ʌv ðer ˈbɑːdiz/
Line 5
The _Earth Worm_ has neither bones, eyes, or ears; it has a round, annulated body, with generally an elevated fleshy belt near the head.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

annular adjective US /ˈænjələr/

shaped like a ring

From this reading “They are distinguished from the caterpillar and maggot, by undergoing no change, and crawling by means of the annular structure of their bodies.”

articulated adjective US /ɑːrˈtɪkjəleɪtɪd/

consisting of segments held together by joints

From this reading “ARTICULATED ANIMALS.”

caterpillar noun US /ˈkætəpɪlər/

a wormlike and often brightly colored and hairy or spiny larva of a butterfly or moth

From this reading “They are distinguished from the caterpillar and maggot, by undergoing no change, and crawling by means of the annular structure of their bodies.”

fleshy adjective US /ˈfleʃi/

usually describes a large person who is fat but has a large frame to carry it

From this reading “The _Earth Worm_ has neither bones, eyes, or ears; it has a round, annulated body, with generally an elevated fleshy belt near the head.”

maggot noun US /ˈmæɡət/

the larva of the housefly and blowfly commonly found in decaying organic matter

From this reading “They are distinguished from the caterpillar and maggot, by undergoing no change, and crawling by means of the annular structure of their bodies.”

naturalists noun US /ˈnætʃərəlɪsts/

plural of “naturalist” — an advocate of the doctrine that the world can be understood in scientific terms

From this reading “_Annelida, or Ringed Animals._ THESE creatures constitute a class by themselves, under the name of _Annelida_, in the works of modern naturalists.”

Ringed adjective US /rɪŋd/

shaped like a ring

From this reading “_Annelida, or Ringed Animals._ THESE creatures constitute a class by themselves, under the name of _Annelida_, in the works of modern naturalists.”

undergoing verb US /ˌʌndərˈɡoʊɪŋ/

-ing form of “undergo” — pass through

From this reading “They are distinguished from the caterpillar and maggot, by undergoing no change, and crawling by means of the annular structure of their bodies.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

by means preposition + noun

In this reading “They are distinguished from the caterpillar and maggot, by undergoing no change, and crawling by means of the annular structure of their bodies.”

name of verb + particle

In this reading “_Annelida, or Ringed Animals._ THESE creatures constitute a class by themselves, under the name of _Annelida_, in the works of modern naturalists.”

All words in this reading · 56

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _Annelida, or Ringed Animals._ THESE creatures constitute a class by themselves, under the name of _Annelida_, in the works of modern naturalists.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The _Earth Worm_ has neither bones, eyes, or ears; it has a round, annulated body, with generally an elevated fleshy belt near the head.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading They are distinguished from the caterpillar and maggot, by undergoing no change, and crawling by means of the annular structure of their bodies.

ANIMALSnounUS /ˈænəməlz/

plural of “animal” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading ARTICULATED ANIMALS.

Annelidanoun

segmented worms: earthworms; lugworms; leeches

From this reading _Annelida, or Ringed Animals._ THESE creatures constitute a class by themselves, under the name of _Annelida_, in the works of modern naturalists.

annularadjectiveUS /ˈænjələr/

shaped like a ring

From this reading They are distinguished from the caterpillar and maggot, by undergoing no change, and crawling by means of the annular structure of their bodies.

annulatedadjective

shaped like a ring

From this reading The _Earth Worm_ has neither bones, eyes, or ears; it has a round, annulated body, with generally an elevated fleshy belt near the head.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They are distinguished from the caterpillar and maggot, by undergoing no change, and crawling by means of the annular structure of their bodies.

ARTICULATEDadjectiveUS /ɑːrˈtɪkjəleɪtɪd/

consisting of segments held together by joints

From this reading ARTICULATED ANIMALS.

beltnounUS /belt/

endless loop of flexible material between two rotating shafts or pulleys

From this reading The _Earth Worm_ has neither bones, eyes, or ears; it has a round, annulated body, with generally an elevated fleshy belt near the head.

bodiesnounUS /ˈbɑːdiz/

plural of “body” — the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading They are distinguished from the caterpillar and maggot, by undergoing no change, and crawling by means of the annular structure of their bodies.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading The _Earth Worm_ has neither bones, eyes, or ears; it has a round, annulated body, with generally an elevated fleshy belt near the head.

bonesnounUS /boʊnz/

(used in the plural) a percussion instrument consisting of a pair of hollow pieces of wood or bone (usually held between the thumb and fingers) that are made to click together (as by Spanish dancers) in rhythm with the dance

From this reading The _Earth Worm_ has neither bones, eyes, or ears; it has a round, annulated body, with generally an elevated fleshy belt near the head.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading _Annelida, or Ringed Animals._ THESE creatures constitute a class by themselves, under the name of _Annelida_, in the works of modern naturalists.

caterpillarnounUS /ˈkætəpɪlər/

a wormlike and often brightly colored and hairy or spiny larva of a butterfly or moth

From this reading They are distinguished from the caterpillar and maggot, by undergoing no change, and crawling by means of the annular structure of their bodies.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading They are distinguished from the caterpillar and maggot, by undergoing no change, and crawling by means of the annular structure of their bodies.

classnounUS /klæs/

a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading _Annelida, or Ringed Animals._ THESE creatures constitute a class by themselves, under the name of _Annelida_, in the works of modern naturalists.

constituteverbUS /ˈkɑːnstətuːt/

form or compose

From this reading _Annelida, or Ringed Animals._ THESE creatures constitute a class by themselves, under the name of _Annelida_, in the works of modern naturalists.

crawlingnounUS /ˈkrɔːlɪŋ/

a slow mode of locomotion on hands and knees or dragging the body

From this reading They are distinguished from the caterpillar and maggot, by undergoing no change, and crawling by means of the annular structure of their bodies.

creaturesnounUS /ˈkriːtʃərz/

plural of “creature” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading _Annelida, or Ringed Animals._ THESE creatures constitute a class by themselves, under the name of _Annelida_, in the works of modern naturalists.

distinguishedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt/

(used of persons) standing above others in character or attainment or reputation

From this reading They are distinguished from the caterpillar and maggot, by undergoing no change, and crawling by means of the annular structure of their bodies.

earsnounUS /ɪrz/

plural of “ear” — the sense organ for hearing and equilibrium

From this reading The _Earth Worm_ has neither bones, eyes, or ears; it has a round, annulated body, with generally an elevated fleshy belt near the head.

EarthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading The _Earth Worm_ has neither bones, eyes, or ears; it has a round, annulated body, with generally an elevated fleshy belt near the head.

elevatedadjectiveUS /ˈeləveɪtɪd/

raised above the ground

From this reading The _Earth Worm_ has neither bones, eyes, or ears; it has a round, annulated body, with generally an elevated fleshy belt near the head.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading The _Earth Worm_ has neither bones, eyes, or ears; it has a round, annulated body, with generally an elevated fleshy belt near the head.

fleshyadjectiveUS /ˈfleʃi/

usually describes a large person who is fat but has a large frame to carry it

From this reading The _Earth Worm_ has neither bones, eyes, or ears; it has a round, annulated body, with generally an elevated fleshy belt near the head.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading They are distinguished from the caterpillar and maggot, by undergoing no change, and crawling by means of the annular structure of their bodies.

generallyadverbUS /ˈdʒenərəli/

usually; as a rule

From this reading The _Earth Worm_ has neither bones, eyes, or ears; it has a round, annulated body, with generally an elevated fleshy belt near the head.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The _Earth Worm_ has neither bones, eyes, or ears; it has a round, annulated body, with generally an elevated fleshy belt near the head.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading The _Earth Worm_ has neither bones, eyes, or ears; it has a round, annulated body, with generally an elevated fleshy belt near the head.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading § I.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading _Annelida, or Ringed Animals._ THESE creatures constitute a class by themselves, under the name of _Annelida_, in the works of modern naturalists.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The _Earth Worm_ has neither bones, eyes, or ears; it has a round, annulated body, with generally an elevated fleshy belt near the head.

maggotnounUS /ˈmæɡət/

the larva of the housefly and blowfly commonly found in decaying organic matter

From this reading They are distinguished from the caterpillar and maggot, by undergoing no change, and crawling by means of the annular structure of their bodies.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading They are distinguished from the caterpillar and maggot, by undergoing no change, and crawling by means of the annular structure of their bodies.

modernadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdərn/

belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages

From this reading _Annelida, or Ringed Animals._ THESE creatures constitute a class by themselves, under the name of _Annelida_, in the works of modern naturalists.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading _Annelida, or Ringed Animals._ THESE creatures constitute a class by themselves, under the name of _Annelida_, in the works of modern naturalists.

naturalistsnounUS /ˈnætʃərəlɪsts/

plural of “naturalist” — an advocate of the doctrine that the world can be understood in scientific terms

From this reading _Annelida, or Ringed Animals._ THESE creatures constitute a class by themselves, under the name of _Annelida_, in the works of modern naturalists.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading The _Earth Worm_ has neither bones, eyes, or ears; it has a round, annulated body, with generally an elevated fleshy belt near the head.

neitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading The _Earth Worm_ has neither bones, eyes, or ears; it has a round, annulated body, with generally an elevated fleshy belt near the head.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading They are distinguished from the caterpillar and maggot, by undergoing no change, and crawling by means of the annular structure of their bodies.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _Annelida, or Ringed Animals._ THESE creatures constitute a class by themselves, under the name of _Annelida_, in the works of modern naturalists.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading _Annelida, or Ringed Animals._ THESE creatures constitute a class by themselves, under the name of _Annelida_, in the works of modern naturalists.

RingedadjectiveUS /rɪŋd/

shaped like a ring

From this reading _Annelida, or Ringed Animals._ THESE creatures constitute a class by themselves, under the name of _Annelida_, in the works of modern naturalists.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading The _Earth Worm_ has neither bones, eyes, or ears; it has a round, annulated body, with generally an elevated fleshy belt near the head.

structurenounUS /ˈstrʌktʃər/

a thing constructed; a complex entity constructed of many parts

From this reading They are distinguished from the caterpillar and maggot, by undergoing no change, and crawling by means of the annular structure of their bodies.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _Annelida, or Ringed Animals._ THESE creatures constitute a class by themselves, under the name of _Annelida_, in the works of modern naturalists.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading They are distinguished from the caterpillar and maggot, by undergoing no change, and crawling by means of the annular structure of their bodies.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading _Annelida, or Ringed Animals._ THESE creatures constitute a class by themselves, under the name of _Annelida_, in the works of modern naturalists.

THESEdeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading _Annelida, or Ringed Animals._ THESE creatures constitute a class by themselves, under the name of _Annelida_, in the works of modern naturalists.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They are distinguished from the caterpillar and maggot, by undergoing no change, and crawling by means of the annular structure of their bodies.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading _Annelida, or Ringed Animals._ THESE creatures constitute a class by themselves, under the name of _Annelida_, in the works of modern naturalists.

undergoingverbUS /ˌʌndərˈɡoʊɪŋ/

-ing form of “undergo” — pass through

From this reading They are distinguished from the caterpillar and maggot, by undergoing no change, and crawling by means of the annular structure of their bodies.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The _Earth Worm_ has neither bones, eyes, or ears; it has a round, annulated body, with generally an elevated fleshy belt near the head.

worksnounUS /wɜːrks/

buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading _Annelida, or Ringed Animals._ THESE creatures constitute a class by themselves, under the name of _Annelida_, in the works of modern naturalists.

WormnounUS /wɜːrm/

any of numerous relatively small elongated soft-bodied animals especially of the phyla Annelida and Chaetognatha and Nematoda and Nemertea and Platyhelminthes; also many insect larvae

From this reading The _Earth Worm_ has neither bones, eyes, or ears; it has a round, annulated body, with generally an elevated fleshy belt near the head.

Chapter 11 of Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist by Mrs. (Jane) Loudon holds 538 sentences, grouped into 108 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist contain?

Chapter 11 holds 538 sentences of Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist, unabridged, divided into 108 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist by Mrs. (Jane) Loudon exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 538 sentences, grouped into 108 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist?

Work through the 108 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 108 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist

Common questions about reading Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist by Mrs. (Jane) Loudon on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist?

Yes. All 6119 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #51166 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #51166, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist take to read?

About 509 minutes of reading across 1224 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist

Words and structures a reader meets early in Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Hundred
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Animals
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dallas
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Preface
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Mrs. Loudon's Entertaining Naturalist; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.