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Muckle John
Muckle John

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Muckle John is here in full — 210 sentences across 42 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/42 · 5 lines
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THE END OF THE JACOBITE CAUSE The position of Prince Charlie in Inverness was exceedingly critical.
To the north lay the forces of Lord Loudon.
To the east and south were the Hanoverian army commanded by the Duke of Cumberland now stationed at Aberdeen.
But his position was rendered even more precarious by lack of foresight in ignoring the advice of Lord George Murray, and refusing to provide a supply of provision in the Highlands.
Judging that the Duke would not advance for some weeks, the Prince decided on the reduction of various forts and positions held by the enemy, and above all the destruction of Lord Loudon's army.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Muckle John

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Muckle John is here in full — 210 sentences across 42 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/42 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE END OF THE JACOBITE CAUSE The position of Prince Charlie in Inverness was exceedingly critical.
Line 2
To the north lay the forces of Lord Loudon.
Line 3
To the east and south were the Hanoverian army commanded by the Duke of Cumberland now stationed at Aberdeen.
/tuː ðə iːst ənd saʊθ wɜːr ðə ˌhænoʊˈvɪriən ˈɑːrmi kəˈmændɪd baɪ ðə duːk ʌv ˈkʌmbərlənd naʊ ˈsteɪʃənd æt ˈæbərdiːn/
Line 4
But his position was rendered even more precarious by lack of foresight in ignoring the advice of Lord George Murray, and refusing to provide a supply of provision in the Highlands.
/bʌt hɪz pəˈzɪʃən wɑːz ˈrendərd ˈiːvɪn mɔːr priˈkeriəs baɪ læk ʌv ˈfɔːrsaɪt ɪn ˌɪɡˈnɔːrɪŋ ðə ædˈvaɪs ʌv lɔːrd dʒɔːrdʒ ˈmɜːri ənd rəˈfjuːzɪŋ tuː prəˈvaɪd ə səˈplaɪ ʌv prəˈvɪʒən ɪn ðə ˈhaɪləndz/
Line 5
Judging that the Duke would not advance for some weeks, the Prince decided on the reduction of various forts and positions held by the enemy, and above all the destruction of Lord Loudon's army.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Aberdeen noun US /ˈæbərdiːn/

a town in western Washington

From this reading “To the east and south were the Hanoverian army commanded by the Duke of Cumberland now stationed at Aberdeen.”

Cumberland noun US /ˈkʌmbərlənd/

English general; son of George II; fought unsuccessfully in the battle of Fontenoy (1721-1765)

From this reading “To the east and south were the Hanoverian army commanded by the Duke of Cumberland now stationed at Aberdeen.”

foresight noun US /ˈfɔːrsaɪt/

providence by virtue of planning prudently for the future

From this reading “But his position was rendered even more precarious by lack of foresight in ignoring the advice of Lord George Murray, and refusing to provide a supply of provision in the Highlands.”

Hanoverian noun US /ˌhænoʊˈvɪriən/

any of the British rulers who were members of the House of Hanover

From this reading “To the east and south were the Hanoverian army commanded by the Duke of Cumberland now stationed at Aberdeen.”

Highlands noun US /ˈhaɪləndz/

a mountainous region of northern Scotland famous for its rugged beauty; known for the style of dress (the kilt and tartan) and the clan system (now in disuse)

From this reading “But his position was rendered even more precarious by lack of foresight in ignoring the advice of Lord George Murray, and refusing to provide a supply of provision in the Highlands.”

jacobite noun US /ˈdʒækəbaɪt/

a supporter of James II after he was overthrown or a supporter of the Stuarts

From this reading “THE END OF THE JACOBITE CAUSE The position of Prince Charlie in Inverness was exceedingly critical.”

precarious adjective US /priˈkeriəs/

affording no ease or reassurance

From this reading “But his position was rendered even more precarious by lack of foresight in ignoring the advice of Lord George Murray, and refusing to provide a supply of provision in the Highlands.”

reduction noun US /rəˈdʌkʃən/

the act of decreasing or reducing something

From this reading “Judging that the Duke would not advance for some weeks, the Prince decided on the reduction of various forts and positions held by the enemy, and above all the destruction of Lord Loudon's army.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

some weeks adjective + noun counted as “some week”

In this reading “Judging that the Duke would not advance for some weeks, the Prince decided on the reduction of various forts and positions held by the enemy, and above all the destruction of Lord Loudon's army.”

supply of verb + particle

In this reading “But his position was rendered even more precarious by lack of foresight in ignoring the advice of Lord George Murray, and refusing to provide a supply of provision in the Highlands.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading But his position was rendered even more precarious by lack of foresight in ignoring the advice of Lord George Murray, and refusing to provide a supply of provision in the Highlands.

AberdeennounUS /ˈæbərdiːn/

a town in western Washington

From this reading To the east and south were the Hanoverian army commanded by the Duke of Cumberland now stationed at Aberdeen.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading Judging that the Duke would not advance for some weeks, the Prince decided on the reduction of various forts and positions held by the enemy, and above all the destruction of Lord Loudon's army.

advanceverbUS /ədˈvæns/

move forward, also in the metaphorical sense

From this reading Judging that the Duke would not advance for some weeks, the Prince decided on the reduction of various forts and positions held by the enemy, and above all the destruction of Lord Loudon's army.

advicenounUS /ædˈvaɪs/

a proposal for an appropriate course of action

From this reading But his position was rendered even more precarious by lack of foresight in ignoring the advice of Lord George Murray, and refusing to provide a supply of provision in the Highlands.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Judging that the Duke would not advance for some weeks, the Prince decided on the reduction of various forts and positions held by the enemy, and above all the destruction of Lord Loudon's army.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading To the east and south were the Hanoverian army commanded by the Duke of Cumberland now stationed at Aberdeen.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading To the east and south were the Hanoverian army commanded by the Duke of Cumberland now stationed at Aberdeen.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading To the east and south were the Hanoverian army commanded by the Duke of Cumberland now stationed at Aberdeen.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But his position was rendered even more precarious by lack of foresight in ignoring the advice of Lord George Murray, and refusing to provide a supply of provision in the Highlands.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading To the east and south were the Hanoverian army commanded by the Duke of Cumberland now stationed at Aberdeen.

CAUSEnounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading THE END OF THE JACOBITE CAUSE The position of Prince Charlie in Inverness was exceedingly critical.

Charlie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE END OF THE JACOBITE CAUSE The position of Prince Charlie in Inverness was exceedingly critical.

commandedverbUS /kəˈmændɪd/

past form of “command” — be in command of

From this reading To the east and south were the Hanoverian army commanded by the Duke of Cumberland now stationed at Aberdeen.

criticaladjectiveUS /ˈkrɪtɪkəl/

marked by a tendency to find and call attention to errors and flaws

From this reading THE END OF THE JACOBITE CAUSE The position of Prince Charlie in Inverness was exceedingly critical.

CumberlandnounUS /ˈkʌmbərlənd/

English general; son of George II; fought unsuccessfully in the battle of Fontenoy (1721-1765)

From this reading To the east and south were the Hanoverian army commanded by the Duke of Cumberland now stationed at Aberdeen.

decidedadjectiveUS /ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd/

recognizable; marked

From this reading Judging that the Duke would not advance for some weeks, the Prince decided on the reduction of various forts and positions held by the enemy, and above all the destruction of Lord Loudon's army.

destructionnounUS /dɪˈstrʌkʃən/

the termination of something by causing so much damage to it that it cannot be repaired or no longer exists

From this reading Judging that the Duke would not advance for some weeks, the Prince decided on the reduction of various forts and positions held by the enemy, and above all the destruction of Lord Loudon's army.

DukenounUS /duːk/

a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading To the east and south were the Hanoverian army commanded by the Duke of Cumberland now stationed at Aberdeen.

eastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading To the east and south were the Hanoverian army commanded by the Duke of Cumberland now stationed at Aberdeen.

ENDnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading THE END OF THE JACOBITE CAUSE The position of Prince Charlie in Inverness was exceedingly critical.

enemynounUS /ˈenəmi/

an opposing military force

From this reading Judging that the Duke would not advance for some weeks, the Prince decided on the reduction of various forts and positions held by the enemy, and above all the destruction of Lord Loudon's army.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading But his position was rendered even more precarious by lack of foresight in ignoring the advice of Lord George Murray, and refusing to provide a supply of provision in the Highlands.

exceedinglyadverbUS /ɪkˈsiːdɪŋli/

to an extreme degree

From this reading THE END OF THE JACOBITE CAUSE The position of Prince Charlie in Inverness was exceedingly critical.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Judging that the Duke would not advance for some weeks, the Prince decided on the reduction of various forts and positions held by the enemy, and above all the destruction of Lord Loudon's army.

forcesnounUS /ˈfɔːrsɪz/

plural of “force” — a powerful effect or influence

From this reading To the north lay the forces of Lord Loudon.

foresightnounUS /ˈfɔːrsaɪt/

providence by virtue of planning prudently for the future

From this reading But his position was rendered even more precarious by lack of foresight in ignoring the advice of Lord George Murray, and refusing to provide a supply of provision in the Highlands.

fortsnounUS /fɔːrts/

plural of “fort” — a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading Judging that the Duke would not advance for some weeks, the Prince decided on the reduction of various forts and positions held by the enemy, and above all the destruction of Lord Loudon's army.

GeorgenounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading But his position was rendered even more precarious by lack of foresight in ignoring the advice of Lord George Murray, and refusing to provide a supply of provision in the Highlands.

HanoveriannounUS /ˌhænoʊˈvɪriən/

any of the British rulers who were members of the House of Hanover

From this reading To the east and south were the Hanoverian army commanded by the Duke of Cumberland now stationed at Aberdeen.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading Judging that the Duke would not advance for some weeks, the Prince decided on the reduction of various forts and positions held by the enemy, and above all the destruction of Lord Loudon's army.

HighlandsnounUS /ˈhaɪləndz/

a mountainous region of northern Scotland famous for its rugged beauty; known for the style of dress (the kilt and tartan) and the clan system (now in disuse)

From this reading But his position was rendered even more precarious by lack of foresight in ignoring the advice of Lord George Murray, and refusing to provide a supply of provision in the Highlands.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading But his position was rendered even more precarious by lack of foresight in ignoring the advice of Lord George Murray, and refusing to provide a supply of provision in the Highlands.

ignoringverbUS /ˌɪɡˈnɔːrɪŋ/

-ing form of “ignore” — refuse to acknowledge

From this reading But his position was rendered even more precarious by lack of foresight in ignoring the advice of Lord George Murray, and refusing to provide a supply of provision in the Highlands.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE END OF THE JACOBITE CAUSE The position of Prince Charlie in Inverness was exceedingly critical.

Inverness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE END OF THE JACOBITE CAUSE The position of Prince Charlie in Inverness was exceedingly critical.

JACOBITEnounUS /ˈdʒækəbaɪt/

a supporter of James II after he was overthrown or a supporter of the Stuarts

From this reading THE END OF THE JACOBITE CAUSE The position of Prince Charlie in Inverness was exceedingly critical.

JudgingnounUS /ˈdʒʌdʒɪŋ/

the cognitive process of reaching a decision or drawing conclusions

From this reading Judging that the Duke would not advance for some weeks, the Prince decided on the reduction of various forts and positions held by the enemy, and above all the destruction of Lord Loudon's army.

lacknounUS /læk/

the state of needing something that is absent or unavailable

From this reading But his position was rendered even more precarious by lack of foresight in ignoring the advice of Lord George Murray, and refusing to provide a supply of provision in the Highlands.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading To the north lay the forces of Lord Loudon.

LordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading To the north lay the forces of Lord Loudon.

Loudon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To the north lay the forces of Lord Loudon.

Loudon's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Judging that the Duke would not advance for some weeks, the Prince decided on the reduction of various forts and positions held by the enemy, and above all the destruction of Lord Loudon's army.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading But his position was rendered even more precarious by lack of foresight in ignoring the advice of Lord George Murray, and refusing to provide a supply of provision in the Highlands.

MurraynounUS /ˈmɜːri/

British classical scholar (born in Australia) who advocated the League of Nations and the United Nations (1866-1957)

From this reading But his position was rendered even more precarious by lack of foresight in ignoring the advice of Lord George Murray, and refusing to provide a supply of provision in the Highlands.

northnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading To the north lay the forces of Lord Loudon.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Judging that the Duke would not advance for some weeks, the Prince decided on the reduction of various forts and positions held by the enemy, and above all the destruction of Lord Loudon's army.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading To the east and south were the Hanoverian army commanded by the Duke of Cumberland now stationed at Aberdeen.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE END OF THE JACOBITE CAUSE The position of Prince Charlie in Inverness was exceedingly critical.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Judging that the Duke would not advance for some weeks, the Prince decided on the reduction of various forts and positions held by the enemy, and above all the destruction of Lord Loudon's army.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading THE END OF THE JACOBITE CAUSE The position of Prince Charlie in Inverness was exceedingly critical.

positionsnounUS /pəˈzɪʃənz/

plural of “position” — the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading Judging that the Duke would not advance for some weeks, the Prince decided on the reduction of various forts and positions held by the enemy, and above all the destruction of Lord Loudon's army.

precariousadjectiveUS /priˈkeriəs/

affording no ease or reassurance

From this reading But his position was rendered even more precarious by lack of foresight in ignoring the advice of Lord George Murray, and refusing to provide a supply of provision in the Highlands.

PrincenounUS /prɪns/

a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign)

From this reading THE END OF THE JACOBITE CAUSE The position of Prince Charlie in Inverness was exceedingly critical.

provideverbUS /prəˈvaɪd/

give something useful or necessary to

From this reading But his position was rendered even more precarious by lack of foresight in ignoring the advice of Lord George Murray, and refusing to provide a supply of provision in the Highlands.

provisionnounUS /prəˈvɪʒən/

a stipulated condition

From this reading But his position was rendered even more precarious by lack of foresight in ignoring the advice of Lord George Murray, and refusing to provide a supply of provision in the Highlands.

reductionnounUS /rəˈdʌkʃən/

the act of decreasing or reducing something

From this reading Judging that the Duke would not advance for some weeks, the Prince decided on the reduction of various forts and positions held by the enemy, and above all the destruction of Lord Loudon's army.

refusingverbUS /rəˈfjuːzɪŋ/

-ing form of “refuse” — show unwillingness towards

From this reading But his position was rendered even more precarious by lack of foresight in ignoring the advice of Lord George Murray, and refusing to provide a supply of provision in the Highlands.

renderedverbUS /ˈrendərd/

past form of “render” — cause to become

From this reading But his position was rendered even more precarious by lack of foresight in ignoring the advice of Lord George Murray, and refusing to provide a supply of provision in the Highlands.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Judging that the Duke would not advance for some weeks, the Prince decided on the reduction of various forts and positions held by the enemy, and above all the destruction of Lord Loudon's army.

southnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading To the east and south were the Hanoverian army commanded by the Duke of Cumberland now stationed at Aberdeen.

stationedverbUS /ˈsteɪʃənd/

past form of “station” — assign to a station

From this reading To the east and south were the Hanoverian army commanded by the Duke of Cumberland now stationed at Aberdeen.

supplyverbUS /səˈplaɪ/

give something useful or necessary to

From this reading But his position was rendered even more precarious by lack of foresight in ignoring the advice of Lord George Murray, and refusing to provide a supply of provision in the Highlands.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Judging that the Duke would not advance for some weeks, the Prince decided on the reduction of various forts and positions held by the enemy, and above all the destruction of Lord Loudon's army.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE END OF THE JACOBITE CAUSE The position of Prince Charlie in Inverness was exceedingly critical.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading To the north lay the forces of Lord Loudon.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading Judging that the Duke would not advance for some weeks, the Prince decided on the reduction of various forts and positions held by the enemy, and above all the destruction of Lord Loudon's army.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE END OF THE JACOBITE CAUSE The position of Prince Charlie in Inverness was exceedingly critical.

weeksnounUS /wiːks/

plural of “week” — any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading Judging that the Duke would not advance for some weeks, the Prince decided on the reduction of various forts and positions held by the enemy, and above all the destruction of Lord Loudon's army.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading To the east and south were the Hanoverian army commanded by the Duke of Cumberland now stationed at Aberdeen.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Judging that the Duke would not advance for some weeks, the Prince decided on the reduction of various forts and positions held by the enemy, and above all the destruction of Lord Loudon's army.

Chapter 4 of Muckle John by Frederick Watson holds 210 sentences, grouped into 42 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Muckle John contain?

Chapter 4 holds 210 sentences of Muckle John, unabridged, divided into 42 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Muckle John by Frederick Watson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 210 sentences, grouped into 42 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Muckle John?

Work through the 42 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 42 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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