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My Boyhood
My Boyhood

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of My Boyhood is here in full — 446 sentences across 90 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for My Boyhood
Context Illustration Reading 1/89 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Father and Mother had a pretty hard struggle to pay for the farm and to clothe and feed and school us all.
We lived off the products of the farm to an extent that people do not think of doing nowadays.
Not only was our food largely home grown but our clothes also were home grown and home spun.
In my early youth our house linen and our summer shirts and trousers were made from flax that grew on the farm.
Those pioneer shirts, how vividly I remember them!
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

My Boyhood

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of My Boyhood is here in full — 446 sentences across 90 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/89 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Father and Mother had a pretty hard struggle to pay for the farm and to clothe and feed and school us all.
/ˈfɑːðər ənd ˈmʌðər hæd ə ˈprɪti hɑːrd ˈstrʌɡəl tuː peɪ fɔːr ðə fɑːrm ənd tuː kloʊð ənd fiːd ənd skuːl ʌs ɔːl/
Line 2
We lived off the products of the farm to an extent that people do not think of doing nowadays.
/wiː lɪvd ɔːf ðə ˈprɑːdəkts ʌv ðə fɑːrm tuː æn ɪkˈstent ðæt ˈpiːpəl duː nɑːt θɪŋk ʌv ˈduːɪŋ ˈnaʊədeɪz/
Line 3
Not only was our food largely home grown but our clothes also were home grown and home spun.
/nɑːt ˈoʊnli wɑːz ˈaʊər fuːd ˈlɑːrdʒli hoʊm ɡroʊn bʌt ˈaʊər kloʊðz ˈɔːlsoʊ wɜːr hoʊm ɡroʊn ənd hoʊm spʌn/
Line 4
In my early youth our house linen and our summer shirts and trousers were made from flax that grew on the farm.
/ɪn maɪ ˈɜːrli juːθ ˈaʊər haʊs ˈlɪnən ənd ˈaʊər ˈsʌmər ʃɜːrts ənd ˈtraʊzərz wɜːr meɪd frʌm flæks ðæt ɡruː ɑːn ðə fɑːrm/
Line 5
Those pioneer shirts, how vividly I remember them!

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

clothe verb US /kloʊð/

provide with clothes or put clothes on

From this reading “Father and Mother had a pretty hard struggle to pay for the farm and to clothe and feed and school us all.”

flax noun US /flæks/

fiber of the flax plant that is made into thread and woven into linen fabric

From this reading “In my early youth our house linen and our summer shirts and trousers were made from flax that grew on the farm.”

largely adverb US /ˈlɑːrdʒli/

in large part; mainly or chiefly

From this reading “Not only was our food largely home grown but our clothes also were home grown and home spun.”

pioneer noun US /ˌpaɪəˈnɪr/

someone who helps to open up a new line of research or technology or art

From this reading “Those pioneer shirts, how vividly I remember them!”

products noun US /ˈprɑːdəkts/

plural of “product” — commodities offered for sale

From this reading “We lived off the products of the farm to an extent that people do not think of doing nowadays.”

shirts noun US /ʃɜːrts/

plural of “shirt” — a garment worn on the upper half of the body

From this reading “In my early youth our house linen and our summer shirts and trousers were made from flax that grew on the farm.”

spun verb US /spʌn/

inflected form of “spin” — revolve quickly and repeatedly around one's own axis

From this reading “Not only was our food largely home grown but our clothes also were home grown and home spun.”

vividly adverb US /ˈvɪvədli/

in a vivid manner

From this reading “Those pioneer shirts, how vividly I remember them!”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Father and Mother had a pretty hard struggle to pay for the farm and to clothe and feed and school us all.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Father and Mother had a pretty hard struggle to pay for the farm and to clothe and feed and school us all.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading Not only was our food largely home grown but our clothes also were home grown and home spun.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading We lived off the products of the farm to an extent that people do not think of doing nowadays.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Father and Mother had a pretty hard struggle to pay for the farm and to clothe and feed and school us all.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Not only was our food largely home grown but our clothes also were home grown and home spun.

clotheverbUS /kloʊð/

provide with clothes or put clothes on

From this reading Father and Mother had a pretty hard struggle to pay for the farm and to clothe and feed and school us all.

clothesnounUS /kloʊðz/

clothing in general

From this reading Not only was our food largely home grown but our clothes also were home grown and home spun.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading We lived off the products of the farm to an extent that people do not think of doing nowadays.

doingverbUS /ˈduːɪŋ/

-ing form of “do” — engage in

From this reading We lived off the products of the farm to an extent that people do not think of doing nowadays.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading In my early youth our house linen and our summer shirts and trousers were made from flax that grew on the farm.

extentnounUS /ɪkˈstent/

the point or degree to which something extends

From this reading We lived off the products of the farm to an extent that people do not think of doing nowadays.

farmverbUS /fɑːrm/

be a farmer; work as a farmer

From this reading Father and Mother had a pretty hard struggle to pay for the farm and to clothe and feed and school us all.

FathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading Father and Mother had a pretty hard struggle to pay for the farm and to clothe and feed and school us all.

feedverbUS /fiːd/

provide as food

From this reading Father and Mother had a pretty hard struggle to pay for the farm and to clothe and feed and school us all.

flaxnounUS /flæks/

fiber of the flax plant that is made into thread and woven into linen fabric

From this reading In my early youth our house linen and our summer shirts and trousers were made from flax that grew on the farm.

foodnounUS /fuːd/

any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue

From this reading Not only was our food largely home grown but our clothes also were home grown and home spun.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Father and Mother had a pretty hard struggle to pay for the farm and to clothe and feed and school us all.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading In my early youth our house linen and our summer shirts and trousers were made from flax that grew on the farm.

grewverbUS /ɡruː/

inflected form of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading In my early youth our house linen and our summer shirts and trousers were made from flax that grew on the farm.

grownadjectiveUS /ɡroʊn/

(of animals) fully developed

From this reading Not only was our food largely home grown but our clothes also were home grown and home spun.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Father and Mother had a pretty hard struggle to pay for the farm and to clothe and feed and school us all.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading Father and Mother had a pretty hard struggle to pay for the farm and to clothe and feed and school us all.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading Not only was our food largely home grown but our clothes also were home grown and home spun.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading In my early youth our house linen and our summer shirts and trousers were made from flax that grew on the farm.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Those pioneer shirts, how vividly I remember them!

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Those pioneer shirts, how vividly I remember them!

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In my early youth our house linen and our summer shirts and trousers were made from flax that grew on the farm.

largelyadverbUS /ˈlɑːrdʒli/

in large part; mainly or chiefly

From this reading Not only was our food largely home grown but our clothes also were home grown and home spun.

linennounUS /ˈlɪnən/

a fabric woven with fibers from the flax plant

From this reading In my early youth our house linen and our summer shirts and trousers were made from flax that grew on the farm.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading We lived off the products of the farm to an extent that people do not think of doing nowadays.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading In my early youth our house linen and our summer shirts and trousers were made from flax that grew on the farm.

MothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading Father and Mother had a pretty hard struggle to pay for the farm and to clothe and feed and school us all.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading In my early youth our house linen and our summer shirts and trousers were made from flax that grew on the farm.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading We lived off the products of the farm to an extent that people do not think of doing nowadays.

nowadaysnounUS /ˈnaʊədeɪz/

the period of time that is happening now; any continuous stretch of time including the moment of speech

From this reading We lived off the products of the farm to an extent that people do not think of doing nowadays.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading We lived off the products of the farm to an extent that people do not think of doing nowadays.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading We lived off the products of the farm to an extent that people do not think of doing nowadays.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading In my early youth our house linen and our summer shirts and trousers were made from flax that grew on the farm.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Not only was our food largely home grown but our clothes also were home grown and home spun.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Not only was our food largely home grown but our clothes also were home grown and home spun.

payverbUS /peɪ/

give money, usually in exchange for goods or services

From this reading Father and Mother had a pretty hard struggle to pay for the farm and to clothe and feed and school us all.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading We lived off the products of the farm to an extent that people do not think of doing nowadays.

pioneernounUS /ˌpaɪəˈnɪr/

someone who helps to open up a new line of research or technology or art

From this reading Those pioneer shirts, how vividly I remember them!

prettyadjectiveUS /ˈprɪti/

pleasing by delicacy or grace; not imposing

From this reading Father and Mother had a pretty hard struggle to pay for the farm and to clothe and feed and school us all.

productsnounUS /ˈprɑːdəkts/

plural of “product” — commodities offered for sale

From this reading We lived off the products of the farm to an extent that people do not think of doing nowadays.

rememberverbUS /rɪˈmɛm.bər/

To recall to mind.

From this reading Those pioneer shirts, how vividly I remember them!

schoolnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading Father and Mother had a pretty hard struggle to pay for the farm and to clothe and feed and school us all.

shirtsnounUS /ʃɜːrts/

plural of “shirt” — a garment worn on the upper half of the body

From this reading In my early youth our house linen and our summer shirts and trousers were made from flax that grew on the farm.

spunverbUS /spʌn/

inflected form of “spin” — revolve quickly and repeatedly around one's own axis

From this reading Not only was our food largely home grown but our clothes also were home grown and home spun.

struggleverbUS /ˈstrʌɡəl/

make a strenuous or labored effort

From this reading Father and Mother had a pretty hard struggle to pay for the farm and to clothe and feed and school us all.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading In my early youth our house linen and our summer shirts and trousers were made from flax that grew on the farm.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading We lived off the products of the farm to an extent that people do not think of doing nowadays.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Father and Mother had a pretty hard struggle to pay for the farm and to clothe and feed and school us all.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Those pioneer shirts, how vividly I remember them!

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading We lived off the products of the farm to an extent that people do not think of doing nowadays.

ThosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Those pioneer shirts, how vividly I remember them!

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Father and Mother had a pretty hard struggle to pay for the farm and to clothe and feed and school us all.

trousersnounUS /ˈtraʊzərz/

(usually in the plural) a garment extending from the waist to the knee or ankle, covering each leg separately

From this reading In my early youth our house linen and our summer shirts and trousers were made from flax that grew on the farm.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Father and Mother had a pretty hard struggle to pay for the farm and to clothe and feed and school us all.

vividlyadverbUS /ˈvɪvədli/

in a vivid manner

From this reading Those pioneer shirts, how vividly I remember them!

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Not only was our food largely home grown but our clothes also were home grown and home spun.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We lived off the products of the farm to an extent that people do not think of doing nowadays.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Not only was our food largely home grown but our clothes also were home grown and home spun.

youthnounUS /juːθ/

a young person (especially a young man or boy)

From this reading In my early youth our house linen and our summer shirts and trousers were made from flax that grew on the farm.

Chapter 2 of My Boyhood by John Burroughs holds 446 sentences, grouped into 90 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of My Boyhood contain?

Chapter 2 holds 446 sentences of My Boyhood, unabridged, divided into 90 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of My Boyhood by John Burroughs exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 446 sentences, grouped into 90 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of My Boyhood?

Work through the 90 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 90 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading My Boyhood

Common questions about reading My Boyhood by John Burroughs on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of My Boyhood?

Yes. All 2250 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #7280 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of My Boyhood is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #7280, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does My Boyhood take to read?

About 187 minutes of reading across 450 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read My Boyhood section by section

How to work through My Boyhood section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 5 chapters of My Boyhood to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in My Boyhood

Words and structures a reader meets early in My Boyhood, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Conclusion
A word that appears in the opening chapter of My Boyhood; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Julian
A word that appears in the opening chapter of My Boyhood; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Burroughs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of My Boyhood; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Beginning
A word that appears in the opening chapter of My Boyhood; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.