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"My Novel" — Volume 07
"My Novel" — Volume 07

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of "My Novel" — Volume 07 is here in full — 30 sentences across 6 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/6 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Miss Starke was one of those ladies who pass their lives in the direst of all civil strife,--war with their servants.
She looked upon the members of that class as the unrelenting and sleepless enemies of the unfortunate householders condemned to employ them.
She thought they ate and drank to their villanous utmost, in order to ruin their benefactors; that they lived in one constant conspiracy with one another and the tradesmen, the object of which was to cheat and pilfer.
Miss Starke was a miserable woman.
As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

"My Novel" — Volume 07

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of "My Novel" — Volume 07 is here in full — 30 sentences across 6 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/6 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Miss Starke was one of those ladies who pass their lives in the direst of all civil strife,--war with their servants.
Line 2
She looked upon the members of that class as the unrelenting and sleepless enemies of the unfortunate householders condemned to employ them.
/ʃiː lʊkt əˈpɑːn ðə ˈmembərz ʌv ðæt klæs æz ðə ˌʌnriˈlentɪŋ ənd ˈsliːpləs ˈenəmiz ʌv ðə ənˈfɔːrtʃənət ˈhaʊshoʊldərz kənˈdemd tuː emˈplɔɪ ðem/
Line 3
She thought they ate and drank to their villanous utmost, in order to ruin their benefactors; that they lived in one constant conspiracy with one another and the tradesmen, the object of which was to cheat and pilfer.
Line 4
Miss Starke was a miserable woman.
Line 5
As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

annuity noun US /əˈnuːəti/

income from capital investment paid in a series of regular payments

From this reading “As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.”

benefactors noun US /ˈbenəfæktərz/

plural of “benefactor” — a person who helps people or institutions (especially with financial help)

From this reading “She thought they ate and drank to their villanous utmost, in order to ruin their benefactors; that they lived in one constant conspiracy with one another and the tradesmen, the object of which was to cheat and pilfer.”

direst adjective US /ˈdaɪrəst/

superlative of “dire” — fraught with extreme danger; nearly hopeless

From this reading “Miss Starke was one of those ladies who pass their lives in the direst of all civil strife,--war with their servants.”

householders noun US /ˈhaʊshoʊldərz/

plural of “householder” — someone who owns a home

From this reading “She looked upon the members of that class as the unrelenting and sleepless enemies of the unfortunate householders condemned to employ them.”

pilfer verb US /ˈpɪlfər/

make off with belongings of others

From this reading “She thought they ate and drank to their villanous utmost, in order to ruin their benefactors; that they lived in one constant conspiracy with one another and the tradesmen, the object of which was to cheat and pilfer.”

reducing noun US /rəˈduːsɪŋ/

any process in which electrons are added to an atom or ion (as by removing oxygen or adding hydrogen); always occurs accompanied by oxidation of the reducing agent

From this reading “As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.”

unrelenting adjective US /ˌʌnriˈlentɪŋ/

not to be placated or appeased or moved by entreaty

From this reading “She looked upon the members of that class as the unrelenting and sleepless enemies of the unfortunate householders condemned to employ them.”

venal adjective US /ˈviːnəl/

capable of being corrupted

From this reading “As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.”

All words in this reading · 108

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Miss Starke was a miserable woman.

affectionnounUS /əˈfekʃən/

a positive feeling of liking

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Miss Starke was one of those ladies who pass their lives in the direst of all civil strife,--war with their servants.

amidstprepositionUS /əˈmɪdst/

in the middle of; surrounded by

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading She looked upon the members of that class as the unrelenting and sleepless enemies of the unfortunate householders condemned to employ them.

annuitynounUS /əˈnuːəti/

income from capital investment paid in a series of regular payments

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading She thought they ate and drank to their villanous utmost, in order to ruin their benefactors; that they lived in one constant conspiracy with one another and the tradesmen, the object of which was to cheat and pilfer.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading She looked upon the members of that class as the unrelenting and sleepless enemies of the unfortunate householders condemned to employ them.

atenounUS /eɪt/

goddess of criminal rashness and its punishment

From this reading She thought they ate and drank to their villanous utmost, in order to ruin their benefactors; that they lived in one constant conspiracy with one another and the tradesmen, the object of which was to cheat and pilfer.

benefactorsnounUS /ˈbenəfæktərz/

plural of “benefactor” — a person who helps people or institutions (especially with financial help)

From this reading She thought they ate and drank to their villanous utmost, in order to ruin their benefactors; that they lived in one constant conspiracy with one another and the tradesmen, the object of which was to cheat and pilfer.

boundsnounUS /baʊndz/

the line or plane indicating the limit or extent of something

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

caredverbUS /kerd/

past form of “care” — feel concern or interest

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

cheatverbUS /tʃiːt/

deprive somebody of something by deceit

From this reading She thought they ate and drank to their villanous utmost, in order to ruin their benefactors; that they lived in one constant conspiracy with one another and the tradesmen, the object of which was to cheat and pilfer.

civiladjectiveUS /ˈsɪvəl/

applying to ordinary citizens as contrasted with the military

From this reading Miss Starke was one of those ladies who pass their lives in the direst of all civil strife,--war with their servants.

classnounUS /klæs/

a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading She looked upon the members of that class as the unrelenting and sleepless enemies of the unfortunate householders condemned to employ them.

companionsnounUS /kəmˈpænjənz/

plural of “companion” — a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

condemnedverbUS /kənˈdemd/

past form of “condemn” — express strong disapproval of

From this reading She looked upon the members of that class as the unrelenting and sleepless enemies of the unfortunate householders condemned to employ them.

conspiracynounUS /kənˈspɪrəsi/

a secret agreement between two or more people to perform an unlawful act

From this reading She thought they ate and drank to their villanous utmost, in order to ruin their benefactors; that they lived in one constant conspiracy with one another and the tradesmen, the object of which was to cheat and pilfer.

constantadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnstənt/

unvarying in nature

From this reading She thought they ate and drank to their villanous utmost, in order to ruin their benefactors; that they lived in one constant conspiracy with one another and the tradesmen, the object of which was to cheat and pilfer.

cousinsnounUS /ˈkʌzənz/

plural of “cousin” — the child of your aunt or uncle

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

diedverbUS /daɪd/

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

direstadjectiveUS /ˈdaɪrəst/

superlative of “dire” — fraught with extreme danger; nearly hopeless

From this reading Miss Starke was one of those ladies who pass their lives in the direst of all civil strife,--war with their servants.

distrustnounUS /dɪˈstrʌst/

doubt about someone's honesty

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

domesticadjectiveUS /dəˈmestɪk/

of concern to or concerning the internal affairs of a nation

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

drankverbUS /dræŋk/

inflected form of “drink” — take in liquids

From this reading She thought they ate and drank to their villanous utmost, in order to ruin their benefactors; that they lived in one constant conspiracy with one another and the tradesmen, the object of which was to cheat and pilfer.

easyadjectiveUS /ˈiːzi/

posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

employverbUS /emˈplɔɪ/

put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose

From this reading She looked upon the members of that class as the unrelenting and sleepless enemies of the unfortunate householders condemned to employ them.

enemiesnounUS /ˈenəmiz/

plural of “enemy” — an opposing military force

From this reading She looked upon the members of that class as the unrelenting and sleepless enemies of the unfortunate householders condemned to employ them.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

existverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪst/

have an existence, be extant

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

foesnounUS /foʊz/

plural of “foe” — an armed adversary (especially a member of an opposing military force)

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

friendlyadjectiveUS /ˈfrendli/

characteristic of or befitting a friend

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

hatenounUS /heɪt/

the emotion of intense dislike; a feeling of dislike so strong that it demands action

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

herselfpronounUS /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

householdersnounUS /ˈhaʊshoʊldərz/

plural of “householder” — someone who owns a home

From this reading She looked upon the members of that class as the unrelenting and sleepless enemies of the unfortunate householders condemned to employ them.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Miss Starke was one of those ladies who pass their lives in the direst of all civil strife,--war with their servants.

incomenounUS /ˈɪnkʌm/

the financial gain (earned or unearned) accruing over a given period of time

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

ladiesnounUS /ˈleɪdiz/

plural of “lady” — a polite name for any woman

From this reading Miss Starke was one of those ladies who pass their lives in the direst of all civil strife,--war with their servants.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading She thought they ate and drank to their villanous utmost, in order to ruin their benefactors; that they lived in one constant conspiracy with one another and the tradesmen, the object of which was to cheat and pilfer.

livesnounUS /lɪvz/

plural of “life” — a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Miss Starke was one of those ladies who pass their lives in the direst of all civil strife,--war with their servants.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading She looked upon the members of that class as the unrelenting and sleepless enemies of the unfortunate householders condemned to employ them.

membersnounUS /ˈmembərz/

plural of “member” — one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization)

From this reading She looked upon the members of that class as the unrelenting and sleepless enemies of the unfortunate householders condemned to employ them.

miserableadjectiveUS /ˈmɪzərəbəl/

very unhappy; full of misery

From this reading Miss Starke was a miserable woman.

MissverbUS /mɪs/

fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind

From this reading Miss Starke was one of those ladies who pass their lives in the direst of all civil strife,--war with their servants.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

nephewsnounUS /ˈnefjuːz/

plural of “nephew” — a son of your brother or sister

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

niecesnounUS /ˈniːsɪz/

plural of “niece” — a daughter of your brother or sister

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

objectnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekt/

a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading She thought they ate and drank to their villanous utmost, in order to ruin their benefactors; that they lived in one constant conspiracy with one another and the tradesmen, the object of which was to cheat and pilfer.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Miss Starke was one of those ladies who pass their lives in the direst of all civil strife,--war with their servants.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Miss Starke was one of those ladies who pass their lives in the direst of all civil strife,--war with their servants.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading She thought they ate and drank to their villanous utmost, in order to ruin their benefactors; that they lived in one constant conspiracy with one another and the tradesmen, the object of which was to cheat and pilfer.

passverbUS /pæs/

go across or through

From this reading Miss Starke was one of those ladies who pass their lives in the direst of all civil strife,--war with their servants.

pilferverbUS /ˈpɪlfər/

make off with belongings of others

From this reading She thought they ate and drank to their villanous utmost, in order to ruin their benefactors; that they lived in one constant conspiracy with one another and the tradesmen, the object of which was to cheat and pilfer.

reducingnounUS /rəˈduːsɪŋ/

any process in which electrons are added to an atom or ion (as by removing oxygen or adding hydrogen); always occurs accompanied by oxidation of the reducing agent

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

relationsnounUS /riˈleɪʃənz/

mutual dealings or connections or communications among persons or groups

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

resourcenounUS /ˈriːsɔːrs/

available source of wealth; a new or reserve supply that can be drawn upon when needed

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

ruinnounUS /ˈruːən/

an irrecoverable state of devastation and destruction

From this reading She thought they ate and drank to their villanous utmost, in order to ruin their benefactors; that they lived in one constant conspiracy with one another and the tradesmen, the object of which was to cheat and pilfer.

servantsnounUS /ˈsɜːrvənts/

plural of “servant” — a person working in the service of another (especially in the household)

From this reading Miss Starke was one of those ladies who pass their lives in the direst of all civil strife,--war with their servants.

shareverbUS /ʃer/

have in common

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

ShepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She looked upon the members of that class as the unrelenting and sleepless enemies of the unfortunate householders condemned to employ them.

sleeplessadjectiveUS /ˈsliːpləs/

experiencing or accompanied by sleeplessness

From this reading She looked upon the members of that class as the unrelenting and sleepless enemies of the unfortunate householders condemned to employ them.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

solitaryadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːləteri/

characterized by or preferring solitude

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

Starke

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Miss Starke was one of those ladies who pass their lives in the direst of all civil strife,--war with their servants.

strictadjectiveUS /strɪkt/

rigidly accurate; allowing no deviation from a standard

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

strifenounUS /straɪf/

lack of agreement or harmony

From this reading Miss Starke was one of those ladies who pass their lives in the direst of all civil strife,--war with their servants.

struggleverbUS /ˈstrʌɡəl/

make a strenuous or labored effort

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading She looked upon the members of that class as the unrelenting and sleepless enemies of the unfortunate householders condemned to employ them.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Miss Starke was one of those ladies who pass their lives in the direst of all civil strife,--war with their servants.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Miss Starke was one of those ladies who pass their lives in the direst of all civil strife,--war with their servants.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading She looked upon the members of that class as the unrelenting and sleepless enemies of the unfortunate householders condemned to employ them.

therebyadverbUS /ˈðerˈbaɪ/

by that means or because of that

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She thought they ate and drank to their villanous utmost, in order to ruin their benefactors; that they lived in one constant conspiracy with one another and the tradesmen, the object of which was to cheat and pilfer.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Miss Starke was one of those ladies who pass their lives in the direst of all civil strife,--war with their servants.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading She thought they ate and drank to their villanous utmost, in order to ruin their benefactors; that they lived in one constant conspiracy with one another and the tradesmen, the object of which was to cheat and pilfer.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading She looked upon the members of that class as the unrelenting and sleepless enemies of the unfortunate householders condemned to employ them.

tradesmennounUS /ˈtreɪdzmən/

plural of “tradesman” — a merchant who owns or manages a shop

From this reading She thought they ate and drank to their villanous utmost, in order to ruin their benefactors; that they lived in one constant conspiracy with one another and the tradesmen, the object of which was to cheat and pilfer.

triedadjectiveUS /traɪd/

tested and proved useful or correct

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

unfortunateadjectiveUS /ənˈfɔːrtʃənət/

not favored by fortune; marked or accompanied by or resulting in ill fortune

From this reading She looked upon the members of that class as the unrelenting and sleepless enemies of the unfortunate householders condemned to employ them.

unrelentingadjectiveUS /ˌʌnriˈlentɪŋ/

not to be placated or appeased or moved by entreaty

From this reading She looked upon the members of that class as the unrelenting and sleepless enemies of the unfortunate householders condemned to employ them.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading She looked upon the members of that class as the unrelenting and sleepless enemies of the unfortunate householders condemned to employ them.

utmostadjectiveUS /ˈʌtmoʊst/

of the greatest possible degree or extent or intensity

From this reading She thought they ate and drank to their villanous utmost, in order to ruin their benefactors; that they lived in one constant conspiracy with one another and the tradesmen, the object of which was to cheat and pilfer.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

venaladjectiveUS /ˈviːnəl/

capable of being corrupted

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

villanous

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She thought they ate and drank to their villanous utmost, in order to ruin their benefactors; that they lived in one constant conspiracy with one another and the tradesmen, the object of which was to cheat and pilfer.

wantverbUS /wɑːnt/

feel or have a desire for; want strongly

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading Miss Starke was one of those ladies who pass their lives in the direst of all civil strife,--war with their servants.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Miss Starke was one of those ladies who pass their lives in the direst of all civil strife,--war with their servants.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading She thought they ate and drank to their villanous utmost, in order to ruin their benefactors; that they lived in one constant conspiracy with one another and the tradesmen, the object of which was to cheat and pilfer.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Miss Starke was one of those ladies who pass their lives in the direst of all civil strife,--war with their servants.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Miss Starke was one of those ladies who pass their lives in the direst of all civil strife,--war with their servants.

womannounUS /ˈwʊmən/

an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading Miss Starke was a miserable woman.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading As she had no relations or friends who cared enough for her to share her solitary struggle against her domestic foes; and her income, though easy, was an annuity that died with herself, thereby reducing various nephews, nieces, or cousins to the strict bounds of a natural affection,--that did not exist; and as she felt the want of some friendly face amidst this world of distrust and hate,--so she had tried the resource of venal companions.

Chapter 12 of "My Novel" — Volume 07 by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton holds 30 sentences, grouped into 6 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of "My Novel" — Volume 07 contain?

Chapter 12 holds 30 sentences of "My Novel" — Volume 07, unabridged, divided into 6 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of "My Novel" — Volume 07 by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 30 sentences, grouped into 6 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of "My Novel" — Volume 07?

Work through the 6 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 6 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Vocabulary met early in "My Novel" — Volume 07

Words and structures a reader meets early in "My Novel" — Volume 07, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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