Chapter XXII

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading As they descended the hill that lay between Jerusalem and the Valley of Thorns, the vast encampment lay before them like a fortified city.

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading It was an exact square, and surrounded on every side by a strong rampart about twelve feet high, the top of which was armed with a line of almost impenetrable palisades; and a ditch, twelve feet wide and twelve deep, also ran at the foot of the rampart as a further security.

(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with

From this reading A large space had been cleared and levelled by the pioneers; and there, in an incredibly short time, the camp was formed according to the usual plan of the Roman army.

commonly used or practiced; usual

From this reading These prodigious works were executed by the soldiers themselves, who were accustomed to use a spade or a pickaxe with almost as much readiness as a sword or spear, and were always kept employed in some useful manner by their commanders when not engaged in the actual duties of warfare.

presently existing in fact and not merely potential or possible

From this reading These prodigious works were executed by the soldiers themselves, who were accustomed to use a spade or a pickaxe with almost as much readiness as a sword or spear, and were always kept employed in some useful manner by their commanders when not engaged in the actual duties of warfare.

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading It was an exact square, and surrounded on every side by a strong rampart about twelve feet high, the top of which was armed with a line of almost impenetrable palisades; and a ditch, twelve feet wide and twelve deep, also ran at the foot of the rampart as a further security.

in addition

From this reading It was an exact square, and surrounded on every side by a strong rampart about twelve feet high, the top of which was armed with a line of almost impenetrable palisades; and a ditch, twelve feet wide and twelve deep, also ran at the foot of the rampart as a further security.

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading These prodigious works were executed by the soldiers themselves, who were accustomed to use a spade or a pickaxe with almost as much readiness as a sword or spear, and were always kept employed in some useful manner by their commanders when not engaged in the actual duties of warfare.

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading A large space had been cleared and levelled by the pioneers; and there, in an incredibly short time, the camp was formed according to the usual plan of the Roman army.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Marcellus and his father reached the Roman camp in safety on the preceding night, when they escaped from the plan laid by Simon and Javan for their destruction.

(used of persons or the military) characterized by having or bearing arms

From this reading It was an exact square, and surrounded on every side by a strong rampart about twelve feet high, the top of which was armed with a line of almost impenetrable palisades; and a ditch, twelve feet wide and twelve deep, also ran at the foot of the rampart as a further security.

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading A large space had been cleared and levelled by the pioneers; and there, in an incredibly short time, the camp was formed according to the usual plan of the Roman army.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As they descended the hill that lay between Jerusalem and the Valley of Thorns, the vast encampment lay before them like a fortified city.

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It was an exact square, and surrounded on every side by a strong rampart about twelve feet high, the top of which was armed with a line of almost impenetrable palisades; and a ditch, twelve feet wide and twelve deep, also ran at the foot of the rampart as a further security.

the past participle of “be”

From this reading A large space had been cleared and levelled by the pioneers; and there, in an incredibly short time, the camp was formed according to the usual plan of the Roman army.

earlier than; in front of

From this reading As they descended the hill that lay between Jerusalem and the Valley of Thorns, the vast encampment lay before them like a fortified city.

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading As they descended the hill that lay between Jerusalem and the Valley of Thorns, the vast encampment lay before them like a fortified city.

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Marcellus and his father reached the Roman camp in safety on the preceding night, when they escaped from the plan laid by Simon and Javan for their destruction.

temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

From this reading Marcellus and his father reached the Roman camp in safety on the preceding night, when they escaped from the plan laid by Simon and Javan for their destruction.

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading As they descended the hill that lay between Jerusalem and the Valley of Thorns, the vast encampment lay before them like a fortified city.

rid of objects or obstructions such as e.g. trees and brush

From this reading A large space had been cleared and levelled by the pioneers; and there, in an incredibly short time, the camp was formed according to the usual plan of the Roman army.

plural of “commander” — an officer in command of a military unit

From this reading These prodigious works were executed by the soldiers themselves, who were accustomed to use a spade or a pickaxe with almost as much readiness as a sword or spear, and were always kept employed in some useful manner by their commanders when not engaged in the actual duties of warfare.

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading It was an exact square, and surrounded on every side by a strong rampart about twelve feet high, the top of which was armed with a line of almost impenetrable palisades; and a ditch, twelve feet wide and twelve deep, also ran at the foot of the rampart as a further security.

past form of “descend” — move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way

From this reading As they descended the hill that lay between Jerusalem and the Valley of Thorns, the vast encampment lay before them like a fortified city.

the termination of something by causing so much damage to it that it cannot be repaired or no longer exists

From this reading Marcellus and his father reached the Roman camp in safety on the preceding night, when they escaped from the plan laid by Simon and Javan for their destruction.

a long narrow excavation in the earth

From this reading It was an exact square, and surrounded on every side by a strong rampart about twelve feet high, the top of which was armed with a line of almost impenetrable palisades; and a ditch, twelve feet wide and twelve deep, also ran at the foot of the rampart as a further security.

plural of “duty” — the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading These prodigious works were executed by the soldiers themselves, who were accustomed to use a spade or a pickaxe with almost as much readiness as a sword or spear, and were always kept employed in some useful manner by their commanders when not engaged in the actual duties of warfare.

having your services engaged for; or having a job especially one that pays wages or a salary

From this reading These prodigious works were executed by the soldiers themselves, who were accustomed to use a spade or a pickaxe with almost as much readiness as a sword or spear, and were always kept employed in some useful manner by their commanders when not engaged in the actual duties of warfare.

a site where people on holiday can pitch a tent

From this reading As they descended the hill that lay between Jerusalem and the Valley of Thorns, the vast encampment lay before them like a fortified city.

having ones attention or mind or energy engaged

From this reading These prodigious works were executed by the soldiers themselves, who were accustomed to use a spade or a pickaxe with almost as much readiness as a sword or spear, and were always kept employed in some useful manner by their commanders when not engaged in the actual duties of warfare.

having escaped, especially from confinement

From this reading Marcellus and his father reached the Roman camp in safety on the preceding night, when they escaped from the plan laid by Simon and Javan for their destruction.

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading It was an exact square, and surrounded on every side by a strong rampart about twelve feet high, the top of which was armed with a line of almost impenetrable palisades; and a ditch, twelve feet wide and twelve deep, also ran at the foot of the rampart as a further security.

Strictly particular and correct.

From this reading It was an exact square, and surrounded on every side by a strong rampart about twelve feet high, the top of which was armed with a line of almost impenetrable palisades; and a ditch, twelve feet wide and twelve deep, also ran at the foot of the rampart as a further security.

put to death as punishment

From this reading These prodigious works were executed by the soldiers themselves, who were accustomed to use a spade or a pickaxe with almost as much readiness as a sword or spear, and were always kept employed in some useful manner by their commanders when not engaged in the actual duties of warfare.

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading Marcellus and his father reached the Roman camp in safety on the preceding night, when they escaped from the plan laid by Simon and Javan for their destruction.

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading It was an exact square, and surrounded on every side by a strong rampart about twelve feet high, the top of which was armed with a line of almost impenetrable palisades; and a ditch, twelve feet wide and twelve deep, also ran at the foot of the rampart as a further security.

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading It was an exact square, and surrounded on every side by a strong rampart about twelve feet high, the top of which was armed with a line of almost impenetrable palisades; and a ditch, twelve feet wide and twelve deep, also ran at the foot of the rampart as a further security.

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Marcellus and his father reached the Roman camp in safety on the preceding night, when they escaped from the plan laid by Simon and Javan for their destruction.

having or given a form or shape

From this reading A large space had been cleared and levelled by the pioneers; and there, in an incredibly short time, the camp was formed according to the usual plan of the Roman army.

secured with bastions or fortifications

From this reading As they descended the hill that lay between Jerusalem and the Valley of Thorns, the vast encampment lay before them like a fortified city.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Marcellus and his father reached the Roman camp in safety on the preceding night, when they escaped from the plan laid by Simon and Javan for their destruction.

to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (“further” is used more often than “farther” in this abstract sense)

From this reading It was an exact square, and surrounded on every side by a strong rampart about twelve feet high, the top of which was armed with a line of almost impenetrable palisades; and a ditch, twelve feet wide and twelve deep, also ran at the foot of the rampart as a further security.

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading A large space had been cleared and levelled by the pioneers; and there, in an incredibly short time, the camp was formed according to the usual plan of the Roman army.

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading It was an exact square, and surrounded on every side by a strong rampart about twelve feet high, the top of which was armed with a line of almost impenetrable palisades; and a ditch, twelve feet wide and twelve deep, also ran at the foot of the rampart as a further security.

a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading As they descended the hill that lay between Jerusalem and the Valley of Thorns, the vast encampment lay before them like a fortified city.

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Marcellus and his father reached the Roman camp in safety on the preceding night, when they escaped from the plan laid by Simon and Javan for their destruction.

not admitting of penetration or passage into or through

From this reading It was an exact square, and surrounded on every side by a strong rampart about twelve feet high, the top of which was armed with a line of almost impenetrable palisades; and a ditch, twelve feet wide and twelve deep, also ran at the foot of the rampart as a further security.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Marcellus and his father reached the Roman camp in safety on the preceding night, when they escaped from the plan laid by Simon and Javan for their destruction.

not easy to believe

From this reading A large space had been cleared and levelled by the pioneers; and there, in an incredibly short time, the camp was formed according to the usual plan of the Roman army.

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was an exact square, and surrounded on every side by a strong rampart about twelve feet high, the top of which was armed with a line of almost impenetrable palisades; and a ditch, twelve feet wide and twelve deep, also ran at the foot of the rampart as a further security.

a native or inhabitant of Java

From this reading Marcellus and his father reached the Roman camp in safety on the preceding night, when they escaped from the plan laid by Simon and Javan for their destruction.

capital and largest city of the modern state of Israel (although its status as capital is disputed)

From this reading As they descended the hill that lay between Jerusalem and the Valley of Thorns, the vast encampment lay before them like a fortified city.

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading These prodigious works were executed by the soldiers themselves, who were accustomed to use a spade or a pickaxe with almost as much readiness as a sword or spear, and were always kept employed in some useful manner by their commanders when not engaged in the actual duties of warfare.

set down according to a plan

From this reading Marcellus and his father reached the Roman camp in safety on the preceding night, when they escaped from the plan laid by Simon and Javan for their destruction.

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading A large space had been cleared and levelled by the pioneers; and there, in an incredibly short time, the camp was formed according to the usual plan of the Roman army.

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading As they descended the hill that lay between Jerusalem and the Valley of Thorns, the vast encampment lay before them like a fortified city.

inflected form of “level” — aim at

From this reading A large space had been cleared and levelled by the pioneers; and there, in an incredibly short time, the camp was formed according to the usual plan of the Roman army.

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading As they descended the hill that lay between Jerusalem and the Valley of Thorns, the vast encampment lay before them like a fortified city.

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading It was an exact square, and surrounded on every side by a strong rampart about twelve feet high, the top of which was armed with a line of almost impenetrable palisades; and a ditch, twelve feet wide and twelve deep, also ran at the foot of the rampart as a further security.

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading These prodigious works were executed by the soldiers themselves, who were accustomed to use a spade or a pickaxe with almost as much readiness as a sword or spear, and were always kept employed in some useful manner by their commanders when not engaged in the actual duties of warfare.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Marcellus and his father reached the Roman camp in safety on the preceding night, when they escaped from the plan laid by Simon and Javan for their destruction.

to a great degree or extent

From this reading These prodigious works were executed by the soldiers themselves, who were accustomed to use a spade or a pickaxe with almost as much readiness as a sword or spear, and were always kept employed in some useful manner by their commanders when not engaged in the actual duties of warfare.

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading Marcellus and his father reached the Roman camp in safety on the preceding night, when they escaped from the plan laid by Simon and Javan for their destruction.

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading These prodigious works were executed by the soldiers themselves, who were accustomed to use a spade or a pickaxe with almost as much readiness as a sword or spear, and were always kept employed in some useful manner by their commanders when not engaged in the actual duties of warfare.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading As they descended the hill that lay between Jerusalem and the Valley of Thorns, the vast encampment lay before them like a fortified city.

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Marcellus and his father reached the Roman camp in safety on the preceding night, when they escaped from the plan laid by Simon and Javan for their destruction.

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading These prodigious works were executed by the soldiers themselves, who were accustomed to use a spade or a pickaxe with almost as much readiness as a sword or spear, and were always kept employed in some useful manner by their commanders when not engaged in the actual duties of warfare.

plural of “palisade” — fortification consisting of a strong fence made of stakes driven into the ground

From this reading It was an exact square, and surrounded on every side by a strong rampart about twelve feet high, the top of which was armed with a line of almost impenetrable palisades; and a ditch, twelve feet wide and twelve deep, also ran at the foot of the rampart as a further security.

a heavy iron tool with a wooden handle and a curved head that is pointed on both ends

From this reading These prodigious works were executed by the soldiers themselves, who were accustomed to use a spade or a pickaxe with almost as much readiness as a sword or spear, and were always kept employed in some useful manner by their commanders when not engaged in the actual duties of warfare.

plural of “pioneer” — someone who helps to open up a new line of research or technology or art

From this reading A large space had been cleared and levelled by the pioneers; and there, in an incredibly short time, the camp was formed according to the usual plan of the Roman army.

have the will and intention to carry out some action

From this reading Marcellus and his father reached the Roman camp in safety on the preceding night, when they escaped from the plan laid by Simon and Javan for their destruction.

existing or coming before

From this reading Marcellus and his father reached the Roman camp in safety on the preceding night, when they escaped from the plan laid by Simon and Javan for their destruction.

so great in size or force or extent as to elicit awe

From this reading These prodigious works were executed by the soldiers themselves, who were accustomed to use a spade or a pickaxe with almost as much readiness as a sword or spear, and were always kept employed in some useful manner by their commanders when not engaged in the actual duties of warfare.

an embankment built around a space for defensive purposes

From this reading It was an exact square, and surrounded on every side by a strong rampart about twelve feet high, the top of which was armed with a line of almost impenetrable palisades; and a ditch, twelve feet wide and twelve deep, also ran at the foot of the rampart as a further security.

inflected form of “run” — move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading It was an exact square, and surrounded on every side by a strong rampart about twelve feet high, the top of which was armed with a line of almost impenetrable palisades; and a ditch, twelve feet wide and twelve deep, also ran at the foot of the rampart as a further security.

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading Marcellus and his father reached the Roman camp in safety on the preceding night, when they escaped from the plan laid by Simon and Javan for their destruction.

the state of having been made ready or prepared for use or action (especially military action)

From this reading These prodigious works were executed by the soldiers themselves, who were accustomed to use a spade or a pickaxe with almost as much readiness as a sword or spear, and were always kept employed in some useful manner by their commanders when not engaged in the actual duties of warfare.

relating to or characteristic of people of Rome

From this reading Marcellus and his father reached the Roman camp in safety on the preceding night, when they escaped from the plan laid by Simon and Javan for their destruction.

the state of being certain that adverse effects will not be caused by some agent under defined conditions

From this reading Marcellus and his father reached the Roman camp in safety on the preceding night, when they escaped from the plan laid by Simon and Javan for their destruction.

the state of being free from danger or injury

From this reading It was an exact square, and surrounded on every side by a strong rampart about twelve feet high, the top of which was armed with a line of almost impenetrable palisades; and a ditch, twelve feet wide and twelve deep, also ran at the foot of the rampart as a further security.

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading A large space had been cleared and levelled by the pioneers; and there, in an incredibly short time, the camp was formed according to the usual plan of the Roman army.

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading It was an exact square, and surrounded on every side by a strong rampart about twelve feet high, the top of which was armed with a line of almost impenetrable palisades; and a ditch, twelve feet wide and twelve deep, also ran at the foot of the rampart as a further security.

one of the twelve Apostles (first century)

From this reading Marcellus and his father reached the Roman camp in safety on the preceding night, when they escaped from the plan laid by Simon and Javan for their destruction.

plural of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading These prodigious works were executed by the soldiers themselves, who were accustomed to use a spade or a pickaxe with almost as much readiness as a sword or spear, and were always kept employed in some useful manner by their commanders when not engaged in the actual duties of warfare.

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading These prodigious works were executed by the soldiers themselves, who were accustomed to use a spade or a pickaxe with almost as much readiness as a sword or spear, and were always kept employed in some useful manner by their commanders when not engaged in the actual duties of warfare.

the unlimited expanse in which everything is located

From this reading A large space had been cleared and levelled by the pioneers; and there, in an incredibly short time, the camp was formed according to the usual plan of the Roman army.

a playing card in the major suit that has one or more black figures on it

From this reading These prodigious works were executed by the soldiers themselves, who were accustomed to use a spade or a pickaxe with almost as much readiness as a sword or spear, and were always kept employed in some useful manner by their commanders when not engaged in the actual duties of warfare.

a long pointed rod used as a tool or weapon

From this reading These prodigious works were executed by the soldiers themselves, who were accustomed to use a spade or a pickaxe with almost as much readiness as a sword or spear, and were always kept employed in some useful manner by their commanders when not engaged in the actual duties of warfare.

make square

From this reading It was an exact square, and surrounded on every side by a strong rampart about twelve feet high, the top of which was armed with a line of almost impenetrable palisades; and a ditch, twelve feet wide and twelve deep, also ran at the foot of the rampart as a further security.

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading It was an exact square, and surrounded on every side by a strong rampart about twelve feet high, the top of which was armed with a line of almost impenetrable palisades; and a ditch, twelve feet wide and twelve deep, also ran at the foot of the rampart as a further security.

confined on all sides

From this reading It was an exact square, and surrounded on every side by a strong rampart about twelve feet high, the top of which was armed with a line of almost impenetrable palisades; and a ditch, twelve feet wide and twelve deep, also ran at the foot of the rampart as a further security.

a cutting or thrusting weapon that has a long metal blade and a hilt with a hand guard

From this reading These prodigious works were executed by the soldiers themselves, who were accustomed to use a spade or a pickaxe with almost as much readiness as a sword or spear, and were always kept employed in some useful manner by their commanders when not engaged in the actual duties of warfare.

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading As they descended the hill that lay between Jerusalem and the Valley of Thorns, the vast encampment lay before them like a fortified city.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Marcellus and his father reached the Roman camp in safety on the preceding night, when they escaped from the plan laid by Simon and Javan for their destruction.

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Marcellus and his father reached the Roman camp in safety on the preceding night, when they escaped from the plan laid by Simon and Javan for their destruction.

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading As they descended the hill that lay between Jerusalem and the Valley of Thorns, the vast encampment lay before them like a fortified city.

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading These prodigious works were executed by the soldiers themselves, who were accustomed to use a spade or a pickaxe with almost as much readiness as a sword or spear, and were always kept employed in some useful manner by their commanders when not engaged in the actual duties of warfare.

in or at that place or location

From this reading A large space had been cleared and levelled by the pioneers; and there, in an incredibly short time, the camp was formed according to the usual plan of the Roman army.

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These prodigious works were executed by the soldiers themselves, who were accustomed to use a spade or a pickaxe with almost as much readiness as a sword or spear, and were always kept employed in some useful manner by their commanders when not engaged in the actual duties of warfare.

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Marcellus and his father reached the Roman camp in safety on the preceding night, when they escaped from the plan laid by Simon and Javan for their destruction.

plural of “thorn” — something that causes irritation and annoyance

From this reading As they descended the hill that lay between Jerusalem and the Valley of Thorns, the vast encampment lay before them like a fortified city.

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading A large space had been cleared and levelled by the pioneers; and there, in an incredibly short time, the camp was formed according to the usual plan of the Roman army.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading A large space had been cleared and levelled by the pioneers; and there, in an incredibly short time, the camp was formed according to the usual plan of the Roman army.

the upper part of anything

From this reading It was an exact square, and surrounded on every side by a strong rampart about twelve feet high, the top of which was armed with a line of almost impenetrable palisades; and a ditch, twelve feet wide and twelve deep, also ran at the foot of the rampart as a further security.

the cardinal number that is the sum of eleven and one

From this reading It was an exact square, and surrounded on every side by a strong rampart about twelve feet high, the top of which was armed with a line of almost impenetrable palisades; and a ditch, twelve feet wide and twelve deep, also ran at the foot of the rampart as a further security.

the act of using

From this reading These prodigious works were executed by the soldiers themselves, who were accustomed to use a spade or a pickaxe with almost as much readiness as a sword or spear, and were always kept employed in some useful manner by their commanders when not engaged in the actual duties of warfare.

being of use or service

From this reading These prodigious works were executed by the soldiers themselves, who were accustomed to use a spade or a pickaxe with almost as much readiness as a sword or spear, and were always kept employed in some useful manner by their commanders when not engaged in the actual duties of warfare.

occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure

From this reading A large space had been cleared and levelled by the pioneers; and there, in an incredibly short time, the camp was formed according to the usual plan of the Roman army.

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading As they descended the hill that lay between Jerusalem and the Valley of Thorns, the vast encampment lay before them like a fortified city.

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading As they descended the hill that lay between Jerusalem and the Valley of Thorns, the vast encampment lay before them like a fortified city.

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading These prodigious works were executed by the soldiers themselves, who were accustomed to use a spade or a pickaxe with almost as much readiness as a sword or spear, and were always kept employed in some useful manner by their commanders when not engaged in the actual duties of warfare.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A large space had been cleared and levelled by the pioneers; and there, in an incredibly short time, the camp was formed according to the usual plan of the Roman army.

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading These prodigious works were executed by the soldiers themselves, who were accustomed to use a spade or a pickaxe with almost as much readiness as a sword or spear, and were always kept employed in some useful manner by their commanders when not engaged in the actual duties of warfare.

at the time that

From this reading Marcellus and his father reached the Roman camp in safety on the preceding night, when they escaped from the plan laid by Simon and Javan for their destruction.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It was an exact square, and surrounded on every side by a strong rampart about twelve feet high, the top of which was armed with a line of almost impenetrable palisades; and a ditch, twelve feet wide and twelve deep, also ran at the foot of the rampart as a further security.

which person or people

From this reading These prodigious works were executed by the soldiers themselves, who were accustomed to use a spade or a pickaxe with almost as much readiness as a sword or spear, and were always kept employed in some useful manner by their commanders when not engaged in the actual duties of warfare.

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading It was an exact square, and surrounded on every side by a strong rampart about twelve feet high, the top of which was armed with a line of almost impenetrable palisades; and a ditch, twelve feet wide and twelve deep, also ran at the foot of the rampart as a further security.

in the company of; together with

From this reading It was an exact square, and surrounded on every side by a strong rampart about twelve feet high, the top of which was armed with a line of almost impenetrable palisades; and a ditch, twelve feet wide and twelve deep, also ran at the foot of the rampart as a further security.

buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading These prodigious works were executed by the soldiers themselves, who were accustomed to use a spade or a pickaxe with almost as much readiness as a sword or spear, and were always kept employed in some useful manner by their commanders when not engaged in the actual duties of warfare.