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Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series)
Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series)

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series) is here in full — 308 sentences across 62 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series)
Context Illustration Reading 27/61 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Why dost thou stay, and turn away?
Here lies the road to Rome."
LII Thrice looked he at the city; 435 Thrice looked he at the dead And thrice came on in fury, And thrice turned back in dread: And, white with fear and hatred, Scowled at the narrow way 440 Where, wallowing in a pool of blood, The bravest Tuscans lay.
LIII But meanwhile axe and lever Have manfully been plied; And now the bridge hangs tottering 445 Above the boiling tide.
"Come back, come back, Horatius!"
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series)

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series) is here in full — 308 sentences across 62 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 27/61 · 5 reading units · Lines 131–135

Line 1
Why dost thou stay, and turn away?
/waɪ dɑːst ðaʊ steɪ ənd tɜːrn əˈweɪ/
Line 2
Here lies the road to Rome."
/hiːr laɪz ðə roʊd tuː roʊm/
Line 3
LII Thrice looked he at the city; 435 Thrice looked he at the dead And thrice came on in fury, And thrice turned back in dread: And, white with fear and hatred, Scowled at the narrow way 440 Where, wallowing in a pool of blood, The bravest Tuscans lay.
Line 4
LIII But meanwhile axe and lever Have manfully been plied; And now the bridge hangs tottering 445 Above the boiling tide.
Line 5
"Come back, come back, Horatius!"

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bravest adjective US /ˈbreɪvəst/

superlative of “brave” — possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading “LII Thrice looked he at the city; 435 Thrice looked he at the dead And thrice came on in fury, And thrice turned back in dread: And, white with fear and hatred, Scowled at the narrow way 440 Where, wallowing in a pool of blood, The bravest Tuscans lay.”

hangs noun US /hæŋz/

plural of “hang” — a special way of doing something

From this reading “LIII But meanwhile axe and lever Have manfully been plied; And now the bridge hangs tottering 445 Above the boiling tide.”

lever noun US /ˈlevər/

a rigid bar pivoted about a fulcrum

From this reading “LIII But meanwhile axe and lever Have manfully been plied; And now the bridge hangs tottering 445 Above the boiling tide.”

manfully adverb US /ˈmænfəli/

in a manful manner; with qualities thought to befit a man

From this reading “LIII But meanwhile axe and lever Have manfully been plied; And now the bridge hangs tottering 445 Above the boiling tide.”

plied verb US /plaɪd/

inflected form of “ply” — give what is desired or needed, especially support, food or sustenance

From this reading “LIII But meanwhile axe and lever Have manfully been plied; And now the bridge hangs tottering 445 Above the boiling tide.”

Scowled verb US /skaʊld/

past form of “scowl” — frown with displeasure

From this reading “LII Thrice looked he at the city; 435 Thrice looked he at the dead And thrice came on in fury, And thrice turned back in dread: And, white with fear and hatred, Scowled at the narrow way 440 Where, wallowing in a pool of blood, The bravest Tuscans lay.”

tottering adjective US /ˈtɑːtərɪŋ/

unsteady in gait as from infirmity or old age

From this reading “LIII But meanwhile axe and lever Have manfully been plied; And now the bridge hangs tottering 445 Above the boiling tide.”

wallowing verb US /ˈwɑːloʊɪŋ/

-ing form of “wallow” — devote oneself entirely to something; indulge in to an immoderate degree, usually with pleasure

From this reading “LII Thrice looked he at the city; 435 Thrice looked he at the dead And thrice came on in fury, And thrice turned back in dread: And, white with fear and hatred, Scowled at the narrow way 440 Where, wallowing in a pool of blood, The bravest Tuscans lay.”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

435

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LII Thrice looked he at the city; 435 Thrice looked he at the dead And thrice came on in fury, And thrice turned back in dread: And, white with fear and hatred, Scowled at the narrow way 440 Where, wallowing in a pool of blood, The bravest Tuscans lay.

440

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LII Thrice looked he at the city; 435 Thrice looked he at the dead And thrice came on in fury, And thrice turned back in dread: And, white with fear and hatred, Scowled at the narrow way 440 Where, wallowing in a pool of blood, The bravest Tuscans lay.

445

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LIII But meanwhile axe and lever Have manfully been plied; And now the bridge hangs tottering 445 Above the boiling tide.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading LII Thrice looked he at the city; 435 Thrice looked he at the dead And thrice came on in fury, And thrice turned back in dread: And, white with fear and hatred, Scowled at the narrow way 440 Where, wallowing in a pool of blood, The bravest Tuscans lay.

AboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading LIII But meanwhile axe and lever Have manfully been plied; And now the bridge hangs tottering 445 Above the boiling tide.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Why dost thou stay, and turn away?

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading LII Thrice looked he at the city; 435 Thrice looked he at the dead And thrice came on in fury, And thrice turned back in dread: And, white with fear and hatred, Scowled at the narrow way 440 Where, wallowing in a pool of blood, The bravest Tuscans lay.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Why dost thou stay, and turn away?

axenounUS /æks/

an edge tool with a heavy bladed head mounted across a handle

From this reading LIII But meanwhile axe and lever Have manfully been plied; And now the bridge hangs tottering 445 Above the boiling tide.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading LII Thrice looked he at the city; 435 Thrice looked he at the dead And thrice came on in fury, And thrice turned back in dread: And, white with fear and hatred, Scowled at the narrow way 440 Where, wallowing in a pool of blood, The bravest Tuscans lay.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading LIII But meanwhile axe and lever Have manfully been plied; And now the bridge hangs tottering 445 Above the boiling tide.

bloodnounUS /blʌd/

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading LII Thrice looked he at the city; 435 Thrice looked he at the dead And thrice came on in fury, And thrice turned back in dread: And, white with fear and hatred, Scowled at the narrow way 440 Where, wallowing in a pool of blood, The bravest Tuscans lay.

boilingnounUS /ˈbɔɪlɪŋ/

the application of heat to change something from a liquid to a gas

From this reading LIII But meanwhile axe and lever Have manfully been plied; And now the bridge hangs tottering 445 Above the boiling tide.

bravestadjectiveUS /ˈbreɪvəst/

superlative of “brave” — possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading LII Thrice looked he at the city; 435 Thrice looked he at the dead And thrice came on in fury, And thrice turned back in dread: And, white with fear and hatred, Scowled at the narrow way 440 Where, wallowing in a pool of blood, The bravest Tuscans lay.

bridgenounUS /brɪdʒ/

a structure that allows people or vehicles to cross an obstacle such as a river or canal or railway etc.

From this reading LIII But meanwhile axe and lever Have manfully been plied; And now the bridge hangs tottering 445 Above the boiling tide.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading LIII But meanwhile axe and lever Have manfully been plied; And now the bridge hangs tottering 445 Above the boiling tide.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading LII Thrice looked he at the city; 435 Thrice looked he at the dead And thrice came on in fury, And thrice turned back in dread: And, white with fear and hatred, Scowled at the narrow way 440 Where, wallowing in a pool of blood, The bravest Tuscans lay.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading LII Thrice looked he at the city; 435 Thrice looked he at the dead And thrice came on in fury, And thrice turned back in dread: And, white with fear and hatred, Scowled at the narrow way 440 Where, wallowing in a pool of blood, The bravest Tuscans lay.

ComeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading "Come back, come back, Horatius!"

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading LII Thrice looked he at the city; 435 Thrice looked he at the dead And thrice came on in fury, And thrice turned back in dread: And, white with fear and hatred, Scowled at the narrow way 440 Where, wallowing in a pool of blood, The bravest Tuscans lay.

dostauxiliary verbUS /dɑːst/

an old form of “do”, used with “thou”

From this reading Why dost thou stay, and turn away?

dreadnounUS /dred/

fearful expectation or anticipation

From this reading LII Thrice looked he at the city; 435 Thrice looked he at the dead And thrice came on in fury, And thrice turned back in dread: And, white with fear and hatred, Scowled at the narrow way 440 Where, wallowing in a pool of blood, The bravest Tuscans lay.

fearverbUS /fɪr/

be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event

From this reading LII Thrice looked he at the city; 435 Thrice looked he at the dead And thrice came on in fury, And thrice turned back in dread: And, white with fear and hatred, Scowled at the narrow way 440 Where, wallowing in a pool of blood, The bravest Tuscans lay.

furynounUS /ˈfjʊri/

a feeling of intense anger

From this reading LII Thrice looked he at the city; 435 Thrice looked he at the dead And thrice came on in fury, And thrice turned back in dread: And, white with fear and hatred, Scowled at the narrow way 440 Where, wallowing in a pool of blood, The bravest Tuscans lay.

hangsnounUS /hæŋz/

plural of “hang” — a special way of doing something

From this reading LIII But meanwhile axe and lever Have manfully been plied; And now the bridge hangs tottering 445 Above the boiling tide.

hatrednounUS /ˈheɪtrəd/

the emotion of intense dislike; a feeling of dislike so strong that it demands action

From this reading LII Thrice looked he at the city; 435 Thrice looked he at the dead And thrice came on in fury, And thrice turned back in dread: And, white with fear and hatred, Scowled at the narrow way 440 Where, wallowing in a pool of blood, The bravest Tuscans lay.

Haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading LIII But meanwhile axe and lever Have manfully been plied; And now the bridge hangs tottering 445 Above the boiling tide.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading LII Thrice looked he at the city; 435 Thrice looked he at the dead And thrice came on in fury, And thrice turned back in dread: And, white with fear and hatred, Scowled at the narrow way 440 Where, wallowing in a pool of blood, The bravest Tuscans lay.

HereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Here lies the road to Rome."

Horatius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Come back, come back, Horatius!"

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading LII Thrice looked he at the city; 435 Thrice looked he at the dead And thrice came on in fury, And thrice turned back in dread: And, white with fear and hatred, Scowled at the narrow way 440 Where, wallowing in a pool of blood, The bravest Tuscans lay.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading LII Thrice looked he at the city; 435 Thrice looked he at the dead And thrice came on in fury, And thrice turned back in dread: And, white with fear and hatred, Scowled at the narrow way 440 Where, wallowing in a pool of blood, The bravest Tuscans lay.

levernounUS /ˈlevər/

a rigid bar pivoted about a fulcrum

From this reading LIII But meanwhile axe and lever Have manfully been plied; And now the bridge hangs tottering 445 Above the boiling tide.

liesnounUS /laɪz/

plural of “lie” — a statement that deviates from or perverts the truth

From this reading Here lies the road to Rome."

LIIadjective

being two more than fifty

From this reading LII Thrice looked he at the city; 435 Thrice looked he at the dead And thrice came on in fury, And thrice turned back in dread: And, white with fear and hatred, Scowled at the narrow way 440 Where, wallowing in a pool of blood, The bravest Tuscans lay.

LIIIadjective

being three more than fifty

From this reading LIII But meanwhile axe and lever Have manfully been plied; And now the bridge hangs tottering 445 Above the boiling tide.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading LII Thrice looked he at the city; 435 Thrice looked he at the dead And thrice came on in fury, And thrice turned back in dread: And, white with fear and hatred, Scowled at the narrow way 440 Where, wallowing in a pool of blood, The bravest Tuscans lay.

manfullyadverbUS /ˈmænfəli/

in a manful manner; with qualities thought to befit a man

From this reading LIII But meanwhile axe and lever Have manfully been plied; And now the bridge hangs tottering 445 Above the boiling tide.

meanwhileadverbUS /ˈmiːnwaɪl/

at the same time but in another place

From this reading LIII But meanwhile axe and lever Have manfully been plied; And now the bridge hangs tottering 445 Above the boiling tide.

narrowverbUS /ˈneroʊ/

make or become more narrow or restricted

From this reading LII Thrice looked he at the city; 435 Thrice looked he at the dead And thrice came on in fury, And thrice turned back in dread: And, white with fear and hatred, Scowled at the narrow way 440 Where, wallowing in a pool of blood, The bravest Tuscans lay.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading LIII But meanwhile axe and lever Have manfully been plied; And now the bridge hangs tottering 445 Above the boiling tide.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading LII Thrice looked he at the city; 435 Thrice looked he at the dead And thrice came on in fury, And thrice turned back in dread: And, white with fear and hatred, Scowled at the narrow way 440 Where, wallowing in a pool of blood, The bravest Tuscans lay.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading LII Thrice looked he at the city; 435 Thrice looked he at the dead And thrice came on in fury, And thrice turned back in dread: And, white with fear and hatred, Scowled at the narrow way 440 Where, wallowing in a pool of blood, The bravest Tuscans lay.

pliedverbUS /plaɪd/

inflected form of “ply” — give what is desired or needed, especially support, food or sustenance

From this reading LIII But meanwhile axe and lever Have manfully been plied; And now the bridge hangs tottering 445 Above the boiling tide.

poolnounUS /puːl/

an excavation that is (usually) filled with water

From this reading LII Thrice looked he at the city; 435 Thrice looked he at the dead And thrice came on in fury, And thrice turned back in dread: And, white with fear and hatred, Scowled at the narrow way 440 Where, wallowing in a pool of blood, The bravest Tuscans lay.

roadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading Here lies the road to Rome."

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading Here lies the road to Rome."

ScowledverbUS /skaʊld/

past form of “scowl” — frown with displeasure

From this reading LII Thrice looked he at the city; 435 Thrice looked he at the dead And thrice came on in fury, And thrice turned back in dread: And, white with fear and hatred, Scowled at the narrow way 440 Where, wallowing in a pool of blood, The bravest Tuscans lay.

stayverbUS /steɪ/

stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading Why dost thou stay, and turn away?

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Here lies the road to Rome."

thoupronounUS /ðaʊ/

an old word for “you”, as the subject, speaking to one person

From this reading Why dost thou stay, and turn away?

ThriceadverbUS /θraɪs/

three times

From this reading LII Thrice looked he at the city; 435 Thrice looked he at the dead And thrice came on in fury, And thrice turned back in dread: And, white with fear and hatred, Scowled at the narrow way 440 Where, wallowing in a pool of blood, The bravest Tuscans lay.

tidenounUS /taɪd/

the periodic rise and fall of the sea level under the gravitational pull of the moon

From this reading LIII But meanwhile axe and lever Have manfully been plied; And now the bridge hangs tottering 445 Above the boiling tide.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Here lies the road to Rome."

totteringadjectiveUS /ˈtɑːtərɪŋ/

unsteady in gait as from infirmity or old age

From this reading LIII But meanwhile axe and lever Have manfully been plied; And now the bridge hangs tottering 445 Above the boiling tide.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading Why dost thou stay, and turn away?

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading LII Thrice looked he at the city; 435 Thrice looked he at the dead And thrice came on in fury, And thrice turned back in dread: And, white with fear and hatred, Scowled at the narrow way 440 Where, wallowing in a pool of blood, The bravest Tuscans lay.

Tuscans

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LII Thrice looked he at the city; 435 Thrice looked he at the dead And thrice came on in fury, And thrice turned back in dread: And, white with fear and hatred, Scowled at the narrow way 440 Where, wallowing in a pool of blood, The bravest Tuscans lay.

wallowingverbUS /ˈwɑːloʊɪŋ/

-ing form of “wallow” — devote oneself entirely to something; indulge in to an immoderate degree, usually with pleasure

From this reading LII Thrice looked he at the city; 435 Thrice looked he at the dead And thrice came on in fury, And thrice turned back in dread: And, white with fear and hatred, Scowled at the narrow way 440 Where, wallowing in a pool of blood, The bravest Tuscans lay.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading LII Thrice looked he at the city; 435 Thrice looked he at the dead And thrice came on in fury, And thrice turned back in dread: And, white with fear and hatred, Scowled at the narrow way 440 Where, wallowing in a pool of blood, The bravest Tuscans lay.

WhereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading LII Thrice looked he at the city; 435 Thrice looked he at the dead And thrice came on in fury, And thrice turned back in dread: And, white with fear and hatred, Scowled at the narrow way 440 Where, wallowing in a pool of blood, The bravest Tuscans lay.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading LII Thrice looked he at the city; 435 Thrice looked he at the dead And thrice came on in fury, And thrice turned back in dread: And, white with fear and hatred, Scowled at the narrow way 440 Where, wallowing in a pool of blood, The bravest Tuscans lay.

WhynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading Why dost thou stay, and turn away?

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading LII Thrice looked he at the city; 435 Thrice looked he at the dead And thrice came on in fury, And thrice turned back in dread: And, white with fear and hatred, Scowled at the narrow way 440 Where, wallowing in a pool of blood, The bravest Tuscans lay.

Chapter 1 of Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series) by O. J. [Annotator] Stevenson holds 308 sentences, grouped into 62 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series) contain?

Chapter 1 holds 308 sentences of Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series), unabridged, divided into 62 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series) by O. J. [Annotator] Stevenson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 308 sentences, grouped into 62 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series)?

Work through the 62 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 62 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series)

Common questions about reading Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series) by O. J. [Annotator] Stevenson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series)?

Yes. All 1760 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #13184 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #13184, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series) take to read?

About 146 minutes of reading across 352 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series) section by section

How to work through Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Professor
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
English
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ontario
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Agricultural
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.