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Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series)
Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series)

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series) is here in full — 308 sentences across 62 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series)
Context Illustration Reading 43/61 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The Tarpeian Rock was a cliff on one side of the Capitoline Hill in Rome.
Tarpeia, from whom the cliff took its name, was the daughter of Tarpeius, the governor of the citadel, on this hill.
She betrayed the fortress to the Sabines, but as they entered, they threw their shields upon her and she was crushed to death.
[24] Fathers of the City.
The senators.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series)

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series) is here in full — 308 sentences across 62 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 43/61 · 5 reading units · Lines 211–215

Line 1
The Tarpeian Rock was a cliff on one side of the Capitoline Hill in Rome.
Line 2
Tarpeia, from whom the cliff took its name, was the daughter of Tarpeius, the governor of the citadel, on this hill.
Line 3
She betrayed the fortress to the Sabines, but as they entered, they threw their shields upon her and she was crushed to death.
Line 4
[24] Fathers of the City.
Line 5
The senators.
/ðə ˈsenətərz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

betrayed verb US /bɪˈtreɪd/

past form of “betray” — reveal unintentionally

From this reading “She betrayed the fortress to the Sabines, but as they entered, they threw their shields upon her and she was crushed to death.”

citadel noun US /ˈsɪt.ə.del/

A fortress protecting a city, metaphorically representing the invincible inner sanctuary of the rational mind.

From this reading “Tarpeia, from whom the cliff took its name, was the daughter of Tarpeius, the governor of the citadel, on this hill.”

cliff noun US /klɪf/

a steep high face of rock

From this reading “The Tarpeian Rock was a cliff on one side of the Capitoline Hill in Rome.”

crushed adjective US /krʌʃt/

treated so as to have a permanently wrinkled appearance

From this reading “She betrayed the fortress to the Sabines, but as they entered, they threw their shields upon her and she was crushed to death.”

Fathers noun US /ˈfɑːðərz/

plural of “father” — a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading “[24] Fathers of the City.”

fortress noun US /ˈfɔːrtrəs/

a fortified defensive structure

From this reading “She betrayed the fortress to the Sabines, but as they entered, they threw their shields upon her and she was crushed to death.”

senators noun US /ˈsenətərz/

plural of “senator” — a member of a senate

From this reading “The senators.”

shields noun US /ʃiːldz/

plural of “shield” — a protective covering or structure

From this reading “She betrayed the fortress to the Sabines, but as they entered, they threw their shields upon her and she was crushed to death.”

All words in this reading · 46

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

24

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [24] Fathers of the City.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The Tarpeian Rock was a cliff on one side of the Capitoline Hill in Rome.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading She betrayed the fortress to the Sabines, but as they entered, they threw their shields upon her and she was crushed to death.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading She betrayed the fortress to the Sabines, but as they entered, they threw their shields upon her and she was crushed to death.

betrayedverbUS /bɪˈtreɪd/

past form of “betray” — reveal unintentionally

From this reading She betrayed the fortress to the Sabines, but as they entered, they threw their shields upon her and she was crushed to death.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading She betrayed the fortress to the Sabines, but as they entered, they threw their shields upon her and she was crushed to death.

Capitoline

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Tarpeian Rock was a cliff on one side of the Capitoline Hill in Rome.

citadelnounUS /ˈsɪt.ə.del/

A fortress protecting a city, metaphorically representing the invincible inner sanctuary of the rational mind.

From this reading Tarpeia, from whom the cliff took its name, was the daughter of Tarpeius, the governor of the citadel, on this hill.

CitynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading [24] Fathers of the City.

cliffnounUS /klɪf/

a steep high face of rock

From this reading The Tarpeian Rock was a cliff on one side of the Capitoline Hill in Rome.

crushedadjectiveUS /krʌʃt/

treated so as to have a permanently wrinkled appearance

From this reading She betrayed the fortress to the Sabines, but as they entered, they threw their shields upon her and she was crushed to death.

daughternounUS /ˈdɔːtər/

a female human offspring

From this reading Tarpeia, from whom the cliff took its name, was the daughter of Tarpeius, the governor of the citadel, on this hill.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading She betrayed the fortress to the Sabines, but as they entered, they threw their shields upon her and she was crushed to death.

enteredverbUS /ˈentərd/

past form of “enter” — to come or go into

From this reading She betrayed the fortress to the Sabines, but as they entered, they threw their shields upon her and she was crushed to death.

FathersnounUS /ˈfɑːðərz/

plural of “father” — a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading [24] Fathers of the City.

fortressnounUS /ˈfɔːrtrəs/

a fortified defensive structure

From this reading She betrayed the fortress to the Sabines, but as they entered, they threw their shields upon her and she was crushed to death.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Tarpeia, from whom the cliff took its name, was the daughter of Tarpeius, the governor of the citadel, on this hill.

governornounUS /ˈɡʌvərnər/

the head of a state government

From this reading Tarpeia, from whom the cliff took its name, was the daughter of Tarpeius, the governor of the citadel, on this hill.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading She betrayed the fortress to the Sabines, but as they entered, they threw their shields upon her and she was crushed to death.

HillnounUS /hɪl/

a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading The Tarpeian Rock was a cliff on one side of the Capitoline Hill in Rome.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Tarpeian Rock was a cliff on one side of the Capitoline Hill in Rome.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Tarpeia, from whom the cliff took its name, was the daughter of Tarpeius, the governor of the citadel, on this hill.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Tarpeia, from whom the cliff took its name, was the daughter of Tarpeius, the governor of the citadel, on this hill.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The Tarpeian Rock was a cliff on one side of the Capitoline Hill in Rome.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The Tarpeian Rock was a cliff on one side of the Capitoline Hill in Rome.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The Tarpeian Rock was a cliff on one side of the Capitoline Hill in Rome.

RocknounUS /rɑːk/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading The Tarpeian Rock was a cliff on one side of the Capitoline Hill in Rome.

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading The Tarpeian Rock was a cliff on one side of the Capitoline Hill in Rome.

Sabines

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She betrayed the fortress to the Sabines, but as they entered, they threw their shields upon her and she was crushed to death.

senatorsnounUS /ˈsenətərz/

plural of “senator” — a member of a senate

From this reading The senators.

ShepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She betrayed the fortress to the Sabines, but as they entered, they threw their shields upon her and she was crushed to death.

shieldsnounUS /ʃiːldz/

plural of “shield” — a protective covering or structure

From this reading She betrayed the fortress to the Sabines, but as they entered, they threw their shields upon her and she was crushed to death.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading The Tarpeian Rock was a cliff on one side of the Capitoline Hill in Rome.

Tarpeia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tarpeia, from whom the cliff took its name, was the daughter of Tarpeius, the governor of the citadel, on this hill.

Tarpeian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Tarpeian Rock was a cliff on one side of the Capitoline Hill in Rome.

Tarpeius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tarpeia, from whom the cliff took its name, was the daughter of Tarpeius, the governor of the citadel, on this hill.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Tarpeian Rock was a cliff on one side of the Capitoline Hill in Rome.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading She betrayed the fortress to the Sabines, but as they entered, they threw their shields upon her and she was crushed to death.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She betrayed the fortress to the Sabines, but as they entered, they threw their shields upon her and she was crushed to death.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Tarpeia, from whom the cliff took its name, was the daughter of Tarpeius, the governor of the citadel, on this hill.

threwverbUS /θruː/

inflected form of “throw” — propel through the air

From this reading She betrayed the fortress to the Sabines, but as they entered, they threw their shields upon her and she was crushed to death.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading She betrayed the fortress to the Sabines, but as they entered, they threw their shields upon her and she was crushed to death.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading Tarpeia, from whom the cliff took its name, was the daughter of Tarpeius, the governor of the citadel, on this hill.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading She betrayed the fortress to the Sabines, but as they entered, they threw their shields upon her and she was crushed to death.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Tarpeian Rock was a cliff on one side of the Capitoline Hill in Rome.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Tarpeia, from whom the cliff took its name, was the daughter of Tarpeius, the governor of the citadel, on this hill.

Chapter 1 of Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series) by O. J. [Annotator] Stevenson holds 308 sentences, grouped into 62 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series) contain?

Chapter 1 holds 308 sentences of Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series), unabridged, divided into 62 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series) by O. J. [Annotator] Stevenson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 308 sentences, grouped into 62 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series)?

Work through the 62 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 62 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series)

Common questions about reading Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series) by O. J. [Annotator] Stevenson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series)?

Yes. All 1760 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #13184 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #13184, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series) take to read?

About 146 minutes of reading across 352 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series) section by section

How to work through Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 5 chapters of Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series) to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Professor
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
English
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ontario
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Agricultural
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Narrative and Lyric Poems (first series); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.