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Nat the Navigator. A Life of Nathaniel
Nat the Navigator. A Life of Nathaniel

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of Nat the Navigator. A Life of Nathaniel is here in full — 49 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/9 · 5 lines
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Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.
[Sidenote: CRITIC OF IVORY AND POISSON.]
[Sidenote: “I HAVE GOT IT!”]
In the second volume of the Commentary, Dr. Bowditch makes very copious notes, in which he shows a perfect knowledge of the works of the chief mathematicians of Europe.
He stands as critic between two of the eminent men of science of that day—Messrs. Ivory and Poisson, the former an Englishman, the latter a Frenchman; and in reference, likewise, to a difficult subject, namely, the revolution or the turning of a fluid mass upon its own axis, as our earth does.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Nat the Navigator. A Life of Nathaniel

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of Nat the Navigator. A Life of Nathaniel is here in full — 49 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/9 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.
Line 2
[Sidenote: CRITIC OF IVORY AND POISSON.]
Line 3
[Sidenote: “I HAVE GOT IT!”]
Line 4
In the second volume of the Commentary, Dr. Bowditch makes very copious notes, in which he shows a perfect knowledge of the works of the chief mathematicians of Europe.
Line 5
He stands as critic between two of the eminent men of science of that day—Messrs. Ivory and Poisson, the former an Englishman, the latter a Frenchman; and in reference, likewise, to a difficult subject, namely, the revolution or the turning of a fluid mass upon its own axis, as our earth does.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

axis noun US /ˈæksəs/

a straight line through a body or figure that satisfies certain conditions

From this reading “He stands as critic between two of the eminent men of science of that day—Messrs. Ivory and Poisson, the former an Englishman, the latter a Frenchman; and in reference, likewise, to a difficult subject, namely, the revolution or the turning of a fluid mass upon its own axis, as our earth does.”

Bowditch noun US /ˈboʊdɪtʃ/

United States mathematician and astronomer noted for his works on navigation (1773-1838)

From this reading “Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.”

capillary noun US /ˈkæpəleri/

a tube of small internal diameter; holds liquid by capillary action

From this reading “Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.”

Comet noun US /ˈkɑːmət/

(astronomy) a relatively small extraterrestrial body consisting of a frozen mass that travels around the sun in a highly elliptical orbit

From this reading “Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.”

Commentary noun US /ˈkɑːmənteri/

a written explanation or criticism or illustration that is added to a book or other textual material

From this reading “Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.”

copious adjective US /ˈkoʊpiəs/

large in number or quantity (especially of discourse)

From this reading “In the second volume of the Commentary, Dr. Bowditch makes very copious notes, in which he shows a perfect knowledge of the works of the chief mathematicians of Europe.”

criticisms noun US /ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəmz/

plural of “criticism” — disapproval expressed by pointing out faults or shortcomings

From this reading “Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.”

mathematicians noun US /ˌmæθəməˈtɪʃənz/

plural of “mathematician” — a person skilled in mathematics

From this reading “Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Fourth volume noun + noun

In this reading “Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.”

Third volume noun + noun

In this reading “Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.”

second volume noun + noun

In this reading “Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.”

eminent men adjective + noun

In this reading “He stands as critic between two of the eminent men of science of that day—Messrs. Ivory and Poisson, the former an Englishman, the latter a Frenchman; and in reference, likewise, to a difficult subject, namely, the revolution or the turning of a fluid mass upon its own axis, as our earth does.”

perfect knowledge adjective + noun

In this reading “In the second volume of the Commentary, Dr. Bowditch makes very copious notes, in which he shows a perfect knowledge of the works of the chief mathematicians of Europe.”

between two preposition + noun

In this reading “He stands as critic between two of the eminent men of science of that day—Messrs. Ivory and Poisson, the former an Englishman, the latter a Frenchman; and in reference, likewise, to a difficult subject, namely, the revolution or the turning of a fluid mass upon its own axis, as our earth does.”

in reference preposition + noun

In this reading “He stands as critic between two of the eminent men of science of that day—Messrs. Ivory and Poisson, the former an Englishman, the latter a Frenchman; and in reference, likewise, to a difficult subject, namely, the revolution or the turning of a fluid mass upon its own axis, as our earth does.”

in regard preposition + noun

In this reading “Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.”

All words in this reading · 87

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In the second volume of the Commentary, Dr. Bowditch makes very copious notes, in which he shows a perfect knowledge of the works of the chief mathematicians of Europe.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading He stands as critic between two of the eminent men of science of that day—Messrs. Ivory and Poisson, the former an Englishman, the latter a Frenchman; and in reference, likewise, to a difficult subject, namely, the revolution or the turning of a fluid mass upon its own axis, as our earth does.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He stands as critic between two of the eminent men of science of that day—Messrs. Ivory and Poisson, the former an Englishman, the latter a Frenchman; and in reference, likewise, to a difficult subject, namely, the revolution or the turning of a fluid mass upon its own axis, as our earth does.

attractionnounUS /əˈtrækʃən/

the force by which one object attracts another

From this reading Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.

axisnounUS /ˈæksəs/

a straight line through a body or figure that satisfies certain conditions

From this reading He stands as critic between two of the eminent men of science of that day—Messrs. Ivory and Poisson, the former an Englishman, the latter a Frenchman; and in reference, likewise, to a difficult subject, namely, the revolution or the turning of a fluid mass upon its own axis, as our earth does.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.

BowditchnounUS /ˈboʊdɪtʃ/

United States mathematician and astronomer noted for his works on navigation (1773-1838)

From this reading In the second volume of the Commentary, Dr. Bowditch makes very copious notes, in which he shows a perfect knowledge of the works of the chief mathematicians of Europe.

Bowditch's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.

cnounUS /siː/

a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature

From this reading Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.

capillarynounUS /ˈkæpəleri/

a tube of small internal diameter; holds liquid by capillary action

From this reading Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.

chiefnounUS /tʃiːf/

a person who is in charge

From this reading In the second volume of the Commentary, Dr. Bowditch makes very copious notes, in which he shows a perfect knowledge of the works of the chief mathematicians of Europe.

CometnounUS /ˈkɑːmət/

(astronomy) a relatively small extraterrestrial body consisting of a frozen mass that travels around the sun in a highly elliptical orbit

From this reading Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.

CommentarynounUS /ˈkɑːmənteri/

a written explanation or criticism or illustration that is added to a book or other textual material

From this reading Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.

continuedadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːd/

without stop or interruption

From this reading Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.

copiousadjectiveUS /ˈkoʊpiəs/

large in number or quantity (especially of discourse)

From this reading In the second volume of the Commentary, Dr. Bowditch makes very copious notes, in which he shows a perfect knowledge of the works of the chief mathematicians of Europe.

CRITICnounUS /ˈkrɪtɪk/

a person who is professionally engaged in the analysis and interpretation of works of art

From this reading [Sidenote: CRITIC OF IVORY AND POISSON.]

criticismsnounUS /ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəmz/

plural of “criticism” — disapproval expressed by pointing out faults or shortcomings

From this reading Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.

CuriousadjectiveUS /ˈkjʊriəs/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading He stands as critic between two of the eminent men of science of that day—Messrs. Ivory and Poisson, the former an Englishman, the latter a Frenchman; and in reference, likewise, to a difficult subject, namely, the revolution or the turning of a fluid mass upon its own axis, as our earth does.

difficultadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfəkəlt/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading He stands as critic between two of the eminent men of science of that day—Messrs. Ivory and Poisson, the former an Englishman, the latter a Frenchman; and in reference, likewise, to a difficult subject, namely, the revolution or the turning of a fluid mass upon its own axis, as our earth does.

discoveredadjectiveUS /dɪˈskʌvərd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.

DiscussionnounUS /dɪˈskʌʃən/

an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic

From this reading Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He stands as critic between two of the eminent men of science of that day—Messrs. Ivory and Poisson, the former an Englishman, the latter a Frenchman; and in reference, likewise, to a difficult subject, namely, the revolution or the turning of a fluid mass upon its own axis, as our earth does.

Dr

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.

eminentadjectiveUS /ˈemənənt/

standing above others in quality or position

From this reading He stands as critic between two of the eminent men of science of that day—Messrs. Ivory and Poisson, the former an Englishman, the latter a Frenchman; and in reference, likewise, to a difficult subject, namely, the revolution or the turning of a fluid mass upon its own axis, as our earth does.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.

EnglishmannounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃmən/

a man who is a native or inhabitant of England

From this reading He stands as critic between two of the eminent men of science of that day—Messrs. Ivory and Poisson, the former an Englishman, the latter a Frenchman; and in reference, likewise, to a difficult subject, namely, the revolution or the turning of a fluid mass upon its own axis, as our earth does.

ErrorsnounUS /ˈerərz/

plural of “error” — a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention

From this reading Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.

EuropenounUS /ˈjʊrəp/

the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use “Europe” to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles

From this reading In the second volume of the Commentary, Dr. Bowditch makes very copious notes, in which he shows a perfect knowledge of the works of the chief mathematicians of Europe.

fluidnounUS /ˈfluːəd/

a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure

From this reading He stands as critic between two of the eminent men of science of that day—Messrs. Ivory and Poisson, the former an Englishman, the latter a Frenchman; and in reference, likewise, to a difficult subject, namely, the revolution or the turning of a fluid mass upon its own axis, as our earth does.

formeradjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmər/

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading He stands as critic between two of the eminent men of science of that day—Messrs. Ivory and Poisson, the former an Englishman, the latter a Frenchman; and in reference, likewise, to a difficult subject, namely, the revolution or the turning of a fluid mass upon its own axis, as our earth does.

FourthnounUS /fɔːrθ/

following the third position; number four in a countable series

From this reading Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.

FrenchmannounUS /ˈfrentʃmæn/

a person of French nationality

From this reading He stands as critic between two of the eminent men of science of that day—Messrs. Ivory and Poisson, the former an Englishman, the latter a Frenchman; and in reference, likewise, to a difficult subject, namely, the revolution or the turning of a fluid mass upon its own axis, as our earth does.

GOTverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading [Sidenote: “I HAVE GOT IT!”]

Halley's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.

HAVEauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading [Sidenote: “I HAVE GOT IT!”]

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In the second volume of the Commentary, Dr. Bowditch makes very copious notes, in which he shows a perfect knowledge of the works of the chief mathematicians of Europe.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading [Sidenote: “I HAVE GOT IT!”]

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading He stands as critic between two of the eminent men of science of that day—Messrs. Ivory and Poisson, the former an Englishman, the latter a Frenchman; and in reference, likewise, to a difficult subject, namely, the revolution or the turning of a fluid mass upon its own axis, as our earth does.

IVORYnounUS /ˈaɪvəri/

a hard smooth ivory colored dentine that makes up most of the tusks of elephants and walruses

From this reading [Sidenote: CRITIC OF IVORY AND POISSON.]

knowledgenounUS /ˈnɑːlədʒ/

the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning

From this reading In the second volume of the Commentary, Dr. Bowditch makes very copious notes, in which he shows a perfect knowledge of the works of the chief mathematicians of Europe.

LanounUS /lɑː/

a white soft metallic element that tarnishes readily; occurs in rare earth minerals and is usually classified as a rare earth

From this reading Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading He stands as critic between two of the eminent men of science of that day—Messrs. Ivory and Poisson, the former an Englishman, the latter a Frenchman; and in reference, likewise, to a difficult subject, namely, the revolution or the turning of a fluid mass upon its own axis, as our earth does.

likewiseadverbUS /ˈlaɪkwaɪz/

in like or similar manner

From this reading He stands as critic between two of the eminent men of science of that day—Messrs. Ivory and Poisson, the former an Englishman, the latter a Frenchman; and in reference, likewise, to a difficult subject, namely, the revolution or the turning of a fluid mass upon its own axis, as our earth does.

makesnounUS /meɪks/

plural of “make” — a recognizable kind

From this reading In the second volume of the Commentary, Dr. Bowditch makes very copious notes, in which he shows a perfect knowledge of the works of the chief mathematicians of Europe.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.

massnounUS /mæs/

the property of a body that causes it to have weight in a gravitational field

From this reading He stands as critic between two of the eminent men of science of that day—Messrs. Ivory and Poisson, the former an Englishman, the latter a Frenchman; and in reference, likewise, to a difficult subject, namely, the revolution or the turning of a fluid mass upon its own axis, as our earth does.

mathematiciansnounUS /ˌmæθəməˈtɪʃənz/

plural of “mathematician” — a person skilled in mathematics

From this reading Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading He stands as critic between two of the eminent men of science of that day—Messrs. Ivory and Poisson, the former an Englishman, the latter a Frenchman; and in reference, likewise, to a difficult subject, namely, the revolution or the turning of a fluid mass upon its own axis, as our earth does.

Messrs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He stands as critic between two of the eminent men of science of that day—Messrs. Ivory and Poisson, the former an Englishman, the latter a Frenchman; and in reference, likewise, to a difficult subject, namely, the revolution or the turning of a fluid mass upon its own axis, as our earth does.

moonnounUS /muːn/

the natural satellite of the Earth

From this reading Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.

motionsnounUS /ˈmoʊʃənz/

plural of “motion” — the use of movements (especially of the hands) to communicate familiar or prearranged signals

From this reading Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.

namelyadverbUS /ˈneɪmli/

as follows

From this reading He stands as critic between two of the eminent men of science of that day—Messrs. Ivory and Poisson, the former an Englishman, the latter a Frenchman; and in reference, likewise, to a difficult subject, namely, the revolution or the turning of a fluid mass upon its own axis, as our earth does.

notesnounUS /noʊts/

plural of “note” — a brief written record

From this reading In the second volume of the Commentary, Dr. Bowditch makes very copious notes, in which he shows a perfect knowledge of the works of the chief mathematicians of Europe.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading He stands as critic between two of the eminent men of science of that day—Messrs. Ivory and Poisson, the former an Englishman, the latter a Frenchman; and in reference, likewise, to a difficult subject, namely, the revolution or the turning of a fluid mass upon its own axis, as our earth does.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading He stands as critic between two of the eminent men of science of that day—Messrs. Ivory and Poisson, the former an Englishman, the latter a Frenchman; and in reference, likewise, to a difficult subject, namely, the revolution or the turning of a fluid mass upon its own axis, as our earth does.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading He stands as critic between two of the eminent men of science of that day—Messrs. Ivory and Poisson, the former an Englishman, the latter a Frenchman; and in reference, likewise, to a difficult subject, namely, the revolution or the turning of a fluid mass upon its own axis, as our earth does.

perfectadjectiveUS /pərˈfekt/

being complete of its kind and without defect or blemish

From this reading In the second volume of the Commentary, Dr. Bowditch makes very copious notes, in which he shows a perfect knowledge of the works of the chief mathematicians of Europe.

phenomenanounUS /fəˈnɑːmənə/

plural of “phenomenon” — any state or process known through the senses rather than by intuition or reasoning

From this reading Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.

PlacenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.

POISSON

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: CRITIC OF IVORY AND POISSON.]

referencenounUS /ˈrefərəns/

a remark that calls attention to something or someone

From this reading He stands as critic between two of the eminent men of science of that day—Messrs. Ivory and Poisson, the former an Englishman, the latter a Frenchman; and in reference, likewise, to a difficult subject, namely, the revolution or the turning of a fluid mass upon its own axis, as our earth does.

regardnounUS /rɪˈɡɑːrd/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.

revolutionnounUS /ˌrevəˈluːʃən/

a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving

From this reading He stands as critic between two of the eminent men of science of that day—Messrs. Ivory and Poisson, the former an Englishman, the latter a Frenchman; and in reference, likewise, to a difficult subject, namely, the revolution or the turning of a fluid mass upon its own axis, as our earth does.

sciencenounUS /ˈsaɪəns/

a particular branch of scientific knowledge

From this reading He stands as critic between two of the eminent men of science of that day—Messrs. Ivory and Poisson, the former an Englishman, the latter a Frenchman; and in reference, likewise, to a difficult subject, namely, the revolution or the turning of a fluid mass upon its own axis, as our earth does.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.

showsnounUS /ʃoʊz/

plural of “show” — the act of publicly exhibiting or entertaining

From this reading In the second volume of the Commentary, Dr. Bowditch makes very copious notes, in which he shows a perfect knowledge of the works of the chief mathematicians of Europe.

Sidenote

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: CRITIC OF IVORY AND POISSON.]

standsnounUS /stændz/

plural of “stand” — a support or foundation

From this reading He stands as critic between two of the eminent men of science of that day—Messrs. Ivory and Poisson, the former an Englishman, the latter a Frenchman; and in reference, likewise, to a difficult subject, namely, the revolution or the turning of a fluid mass upon its own axis, as our earth does.

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading He stands as critic between two of the eminent men of science of that day—Messrs. Ivory and Poisson, the former an Englishman, the latter a Frenchman; and in reference, likewise, to a difficult subject, namely, the revolution or the turning of a fluid mass upon its own axis, as our earth does.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He stands as critic between two of the eminent men of science of that day—Messrs. Ivory and Poisson, the former an Englishman, the latter a Frenchman; and in reference, likewise, to a difficult subject, namely, the revolution or the turning of a fluid mass upon its own axis, as our earth does.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.

ThirdnounUS /θɜːrd/

one of three equal parts of a divisible whole

From this reading Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.

turningnounUS /ˈtɜːrnɪŋ/

the act of changing or reversing the direction of the course

From this reading He stands as critic between two of the eminent men of science of that day—Messrs. Ivory and Poisson, the former an Englishman, the latter a Frenchman; and in reference, likewise, to a difficult subject, namely, the revolution or the turning of a fluid mass upon its own axis, as our earth does.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading He stands as critic between two of the eminent men of science of that day—Messrs. Ivory and Poisson, the former an Englishman, the latter a Frenchman; and in reference, likewise, to a difficult subject, namely, the revolution or the turning of a fluid mass upon its own axis, as our earth does.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading He stands as critic between two of the eminent men of science of that day—Messrs. Ivory and Poisson, the former an Englishman, the latter a Frenchman; and in reference, likewise, to a difficult subject, namely, the revolution or the turning of a fluid mass upon its own axis, as our earth does.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading In the second volume of the Commentary, Dr. Bowditch makes very copious notes, in which he shows a perfect knowledge of the works of the chief mathematicians of Europe.

volumenounUS /ˈvɑːljuːm/

the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading Commentary continued; second volume.—Discussion between the English and French mathematicians; Dr. Bowditch’s criticisms.—Errors in La Place in regard to the earth, &c.—Third volume; motions of the moon.—Fourth volume; many errors discovered in it.—Halley’s Comet.—Curious phenomena of capillary attraction.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In the second volume of the Commentary, Dr. Bowditch makes very copious notes, in which he shows a perfect knowledge of the works of the chief mathematicians of Europe.

worksnounUS /wɜːrks/

buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading In the second volume of the Commentary, Dr. Bowditch makes very copious notes, in which he shows a perfect knowledge of the works of the chief mathematicians of Europe.

Chapter 12 of Nat the Navigator. A Life of Nathaniel by Henry I. (Henry Ingersoll) Bowditch holds 49 sentences, grouped into 10 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

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Chapter 12 holds 49 sentences of Nat the Navigator. A Life of Nathaniel, unabridged, divided into 10 reading sections.

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Vocabulary met early in Nat the Navigator. A Life of Nathaniel

Words and structures a reader meets early in Nat the Navigator. A Life of Nathaniel, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Navigator
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nat the Navigator. A Life of Nathaniel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Nathaniel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nat the Navigator. A Life of Nathaniel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bowditch
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nat the Navigator. A Life of Nathaniel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Young
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nat the Navigator. A Life of Nathaniel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.