Chapter 1 of Natural History is here in full — 428 sentences across 86 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.
Chapter I
Chapter 1 of Natural History is here in full — 428 sentences across 86 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
with Young Persons. NEW YORK J. & J. HARPER 82 CLIFF ST^T. 1833. NATURAL HISTORY; OR, UNCLE PHILIP'S CONVERSATIONS WITH THE CHILDREN ABOUT TOOLS AND TRADES AMONG INFERIOR ANIMALS.
Chapter 1 of Natural History is here in full — 428 sentences across 86 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
Reading 1/85 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5
These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.
Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.
plural of “animal” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement
From this reading “NATURAL HISTORY; OR, UNCLE PHILIP'S CONVERSATIONS WITH THE CHILDREN ABOUT TOOLS AND TRADES AMONG INFERIOR ANIMALS.”
a steep high face of rock
From this reading “& J. HARPER 82 CLIFF ST^T.”
plural of “conversation” — the use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc.
From this reading “NATURAL HISTORY; OR, UNCLE PHILIP'S CONVERSATIONS WITH THE CHILDREN ABOUT TOOLS AND TRADES AMONG INFERIOR ANIMALS.”
someone who plays the harp
From this reading “& J. HARPER 82 CLIFF ST^T.”
of or characteristic of low rank or importance
From this reading “NATURAL HISTORY; OR, UNCLE PHILIP'S CONVERSATIONS WITH THE CHILDREN ABOUT TOOLS AND TRADES AMONG INFERIOR ANIMALS.”
possessive form of “philip” — Englishman and husband of Elizabeth II (born 1921)
From this reading “NATURAL HISTORY; OR, UNCLE PHILIP'S CONVERSATIONS WITH THE CHILDREN ABOUT TOOLS AND TRADES AMONG INFERIOR ANIMALS.”
plural of “tool” — an implement used in the practice of a vocation
From this reading “NATURAL HISTORY; OR, UNCLE PHILIP'S CONVERSATIONS WITH THE CHILDREN ABOUT TOOLS AND TRADES AMONG INFERIOR ANIMALS.”
plural of “trade” — the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services
From this reading “NATURAL HISTORY; OR, UNCLE PHILIP'S CONVERSATIONS WITH THE CHILDREN ABOUT TOOLS AND TRADES AMONG INFERIOR ANIMALS.”
English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.
Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.
the scientific study of plants or animals (more observational than experimental) usually published in popular magazines rather than in academic journals
In this reading “NATURAL HISTORY; OR, UNCLE PHILIP'S CONVERSATIONS WITH THE CHILDREN ABOUT TOOLS AND TRADES AMONG INFERIOR ANIMALS.”
a young person (especially a young man or boy)
In this reading “with Young Persons.”
Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.
Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading 1833.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading & J. HARPER 82 CLIFF ST^T.
on the subject of; concerning
From this reading NATURAL HISTORY; OR, UNCLE PHILIP'S CONVERSATIONS WITH THE CHILDREN ABOUT TOOLS AND TRADES AMONG INFERIOR ANIMALS.
surrounded by; in the middle of a group
From this reading NATURAL HISTORY; OR, UNCLE PHILIP'S CONVERSATIONS WITH THE CHILDREN ABOUT TOOLS AND TRADES AMONG INFERIOR ANIMALS.
used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together
From this reading NATURAL HISTORY; OR, UNCLE PHILIP'S CONVERSATIONS WITH THE CHILDREN ABOUT TOOLS AND TRADES AMONG INFERIOR ANIMALS.
plural of “animal” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement
From this reading NATURAL HISTORY; OR, UNCLE PHILIP'S CONVERSATIONS WITH THE CHILDREN ABOUT TOOLS AND TRADES AMONG INFERIOR ANIMALS.
plural of “child” — a young person of either sex
From this reading NATURAL HISTORY; OR, UNCLE PHILIP'S CONVERSATIONS WITH THE CHILDREN ABOUT TOOLS AND TRADES AMONG INFERIOR ANIMALS.
a steep high face of rock
From this reading & J. HARPER 82 CLIFF ST^T.
plural of “conversation” — the use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc.
From this reading NATURAL HISTORY; OR, UNCLE PHILIP'S CONVERSATIONS WITH THE CHILDREN ABOUT TOOLS AND TRADES AMONG INFERIOR ANIMALS.
someone who plays the harp
From this reading & J. HARPER 82 CLIFF ST^T.
the aggregate of past events
From this reading NATURAL HISTORY; OR, UNCLE PHILIP'S CONVERSATIONS WITH THE CHILDREN ABOUT TOOLS AND TRADES AMONG INFERIOR ANIMALS.
of or characteristic of low rank or importance
From this reading NATURAL HISTORY; OR, UNCLE PHILIP'S CONVERSATIONS WITH THE CHILDREN ABOUT TOOLS AND TRADES AMONG INFERIOR ANIMALS.
a unit of electrical energy equal to the work done when a current of one ampere passes through a resistance of one ohm for one second
From this reading NEW YORK J.
in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature
From this reading NATURAL HISTORY; OR, UNCLE PHILIP'S CONVERSATIONS WITH THE CHILDREN ABOUT TOOLS AND TRADES AMONG INFERIOR ANIMALS.
not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered
From this reading NEW YORK J.
used to join alternatives or possibilities
From this reading NATURAL HISTORY; OR, UNCLE PHILIP'S CONVERSATIONS WITH THE CHILDREN ABOUT TOOLS AND TRADES AMONG INFERIOR ANIMALS.
plural of “person” — a human being
From this reading with Young Persons.
possessive form of “philip” — Englishman and husband of Elizabeth II (born 1921)
From this reading NATURAL HISTORY; OR, UNCLE PHILIP'S CONVERSATIONS WITH THE CHILDREN ABOUT TOOLS AND TRADES AMONG INFERIOR ANIMALS.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading & J. HARPER 82 CLIFF ST^T.
a base found in DNA (but not in RNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine
From this reading & J. HARPER 82 CLIFF ST^T.
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading NATURAL HISTORY; OR, UNCLE PHILIP'S CONVERSATIONS WITH THE CHILDREN ABOUT TOOLS AND TRADES AMONG INFERIOR ANIMALS.
plural of “tool” — an implement used in the practice of a vocation
From this reading NATURAL HISTORY; OR, UNCLE PHILIP'S CONVERSATIONS WITH THE CHILDREN ABOUT TOOLS AND TRADES AMONG INFERIOR ANIMALS.
plural of “trade” — the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services
From this reading NATURAL HISTORY; OR, UNCLE PHILIP'S CONVERSATIONS WITH THE CHILDREN ABOUT TOOLS AND TRADES AMONG INFERIOR ANIMALS.
the brother of your father or mother; the husband of your aunt
From this reading NATURAL HISTORY; OR, UNCLE PHILIP'S CONVERSATIONS WITH THE CHILDREN ABOUT TOOLS AND TRADES AMONG INFERIOR ANIMALS.
in the company of; together with
From this reading with Young Persons.
the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose
From this reading NEW YORK J.
(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth
From this reading with Young Persons.
Chapter 1 of Natural History by Francis L. (Francis Lister) Hawks holds 428 sentences, grouped into 86 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.
Chapter 1 holds 428 sentences of Natural History, unabridged, divided into 86 reading sections.
This page carries chapter 1 of Natural History by Francis L. (Francis Lister) Hawks exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 428 sentences, grouped into 86 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.
Work through the 86 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.
Each of the 86 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.
Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.
Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.
Common questions about reading Natural History by Francis L. (Francis Lister) Hawks on this page, its source edition and its audio.
Yes. All 1695 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #44377 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.
Project Gutenberg eBook #44377, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.
About 141 minutes of reading across 339 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.
How to work through Natural History section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.
Choose one of the 4 chapters of Natural History to begin.
Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.
Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.
Words and structures a reader meets early in Natural History, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.
