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Nature
Nature

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Nature is here in full — 37 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Nature
Context Illustration Reading 1/7 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A subtle chain of countless rings The next unto the farthest brings; The eye reads omens where it goes, And speaks all languages the rose; And, striving to be man, the worm Mounts through all the spires of form.
BOSTON & CAMBRIDGE: JAMES MUNROE AND COMPANY M DCCC XLIX.
Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1849 By JAMES MUNROE AND COMPANY, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts.
BOSTON: THURSTON, TORRY AND COMPANY, 31 Devonshire Street.
OUR age is retrospective.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Nature

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Nature is here in full — 37 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/7 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A subtle chain of countless rings The next unto the farthest brings; The eye reads omens where it goes, And speaks all languages the rose; And, striving to be man, the worm Mounts through all the spires of form.
/ə ˈsʌtəl tʃeɪn ʌv ˈkaʊntləs rɪŋz ðə nekst ˈʌntuː ðə ˈfɑːrðəst brɪŋz ðə aɪ riːdz ˈoʊmənz wer ɪt ɡoʊz ənd spiːks ɔːl ˈlæŋɡwədʒəz ðə roʊz ənd ˈstraɪvɪŋ tuː biː mæn ðə wɜːrm maʊnts θruː ɔːl ðə spaɪrz ʌv fɔːrm/
Line 2
BOSTON & CAMBRIDGE: JAMES MUNROE AND COMPANY M DCCC XLIX.
Line 3
Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1849 By JAMES MUNROE AND COMPANY, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts.
Line 4
BOSTON: THURSTON, TORRY AND COMPANY, 31 Devonshire Street.
Line 5
OUR age is retrospective.
/ˈaʊər eɪdʒ ɪz ˌretrəˈspektɪv/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Clerk's noun US /klɜːrks/

possessive form of “clerk” — an employee who performs clerical work (e.g., keeps records or accounts)

From this reading “Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1849 By JAMES MUNROE AND COMPANY, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts.”

Devonshire noun US /dɪˈvɑːnʃaɪr/

a county in southwestern England

From this reading “BOSTON: THURSTON, TORRY AND COMPANY, 31 Devonshire Street.”

farthest adverb US /ˈfɑːrðəst/

to the greatest distance in space or time (“farthest” is used more often than “furthest” in this physical sense)

From this reading “A subtle chain of countless rings The next unto the farthest brings; The eye reads omens where it goes, And speaks all languages the rose; And, striving to be man, the worm Mounts through all the spires of form.”

Massachusetts noun US /ˌmæsəˈtʃuːsəts/

a state in New England; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading “Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1849 By JAMES MUNROE AND COMPANY, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts.”

Mounts noun US /maʊnts/

plural of “mount” — a lightweight horse kept for riding only

From this reading “A subtle chain of countless rings The next unto the farthest brings; The eye reads omens where it goes, And speaks all languages the rose; And, striving to be man, the worm Mounts through all the spires of form.”

omens noun US /ˈoʊmənz/

plural of “omen” — a sign of something about to happen

From this reading “A subtle chain of countless rings The next unto the farthest brings; The eye reads omens where it goes, And speaks all languages the rose; And, striving to be man, the worm Mounts through all the spires of form.”

retrospective noun US /ˌretrəˈspektɪv/

an exhibition of a representative selection of an artist's life work

From this reading “OUR age is retrospective.”

spires noun US /spaɪrz/

plural of “spire” — a tall tower that forms the superstructure of a building (usually a church or temple) and that tapers to a point at the top

From this reading “A subtle chain of countless rings The next unto the farthest brings; The eye reads omens where it goes, And speaks all languages the rose; And, striving to be man, the worm Mounts through all the spires of form.”

All words in this reading · 61

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1849

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1849 By JAMES MUNROE AND COMPANY, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts.

31

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BOSTON: THURSTON, TORRY AND COMPANY, 31 Devonshire Street.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A subtle chain of countless rings The next unto the farthest brings; The eye reads omens where it goes, And speaks all languages the rose; And, striving to be man, the worm Mounts through all the spires of form.

accordingadjectiveUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with

From this reading Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1849 By JAMES MUNROE AND COMPANY, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts.

ActverbUS /ækt/

perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1849 By JAMES MUNROE AND COMPANY, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading OUR age is retrospective.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading A subtle chain of countless rings The next unto the farthest brings; The eye reads omens where it goes, And speaks all languages the rose; And, striving to be man, the worm Mounts through all the spires of form.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A subtle chain of countless rings The next unto the farthest brings; The eye reads omens where it goes, And speaks all languages the rose; And, striving to be man, the worm Mounts through all the spires of form.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading A subtle chain of countless rings The next unto the farthest brings; The eye reads omens where it goes, And speaks all languages the rose; And, striving to be man, the worm Mounts through all the spires of form.

BOSTONnounUS /ˈbɑːstən/

state capital and largest city of Massachusetts; a major center for banking and financial services

From this reading BOSTON & CAMBRIDGE: JAMES MUNROE AND COMPANY M DCCC XLIX.

bringsverbUS /brɪŋz/

third-person singular of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading A subtle chain of countless rings The next unto the farthest brings; The eye reads omens where it goes, And speaks all languages the rose; And, striving to be man, the worm Mounts through all the spires of form.

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1849 By JAMES MUNROE AND COMPANY, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts.

CAMBRIDGEnounUS /ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ/

a university in England

From this reading BOSTON & CAMBRIDGE: JAMES MUNROE AND COMPANY M DCCC XLIX.

chainnounUS /tʃeɪn/

a series of things depending on each other as if linked together

From this reading A subtle chain of countless rings The next unto the farthest brings; The eye reads omens where it goes, And speaks all languages the rose; And, striving to be man, the worm Mounts through all the spires of form.

Clerk'snounUS /klɜːrks/

possessive form of “clerk” — an employee who performs clerical work (e.g., keeps records or accounts)

From this reading Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1849 By JAMES MUNROE AND COMPANY, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts.

COMPANYnounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading BOSTON & CAMBRIDGE: JAMES MUNROE AND COMPANY M DCCC XLIX.

CongressnounUS /ˈkɑːŋɡrəs/

the legislature of the United States government

From this reading Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1849 By JAMES MUNROE AND COMPANY, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts.

countlessadjectiveUS /ˈkaʊntləs/

too numerous to be counted

From this reading A subtle chain of countless rings The next unto the farthest brings; The eye reads omens where it goes, And speaks all languages the rose; And, striving to be man, the worm Mounts through all the spires of form.

CourtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1849 By JAMES MUNROE AND COMPANY, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts.

DCCC

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BOSTON & CAMBRIDGE: JAMES MUNROE AND COMPANY M DCCC XLIX.

DevonshirenounUS /dɪˈvɑːnʃaɪr/

a county in southwestern England

From this reading BOSTON: THURSTON, TORRY AND COMPANY, 31 Devonshire Street.

DistrictnounUS /ˈdɪstrɪkt/

a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1849 By JAMES MUNROE AND COMPANY, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts.

EnteredverbUS /ˈentərd/

past form of “enter” — to come or go into

From this reading Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1849 By JAMES MUNROE AND COMPANY, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts.

eyenounUS /aɪ/

the organ of sight

From this reading A subtle chain of countless rings The next unto the farthest brings; The eye reads omens where it goes, And speaks all languages the rose; And, striving to be man, the worm Mounts through all the spires of form.

farthestadverbUS /ˈfɑːrðəst/

to the greatest distance in space or time (“farthest” is used more often than “furthest” in this physical sense)

From this reading A subtle chain of countless rings The next unto the farthest brings; The eye reads omens where it goes, And speaks all languages the rose; And, striving to be man, the worm Mounts through all the spires of form.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading A subtle chain of countless rings The next unto the farthest brings; The eye reads omens where it goes, And speaks all languages the rose; And, striving to be man, the worm Mounts through all the spires of form.

goesnounUS /ɡoʊz/

plural of “go” — a time period for working (after which you will be relieved by someone else)

From this reading A subtle chain of countless rings The next unto the farthest brings; The eye reads omens where it goes, And speaks all languages the rose; And, striving to be man, the worm Mounts through all the spires of form.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1849 By JAMES MUNROE AND COMPANY, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading OUR age is retrospective.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading A subtle chain of countless rings The next unto the farthest brings; The eye reads omens where it goes, And speaks all languages the rose; And, striving to be man, the worm Mounts through all the spires of form.

JAMESnounUS /dʒeɪmz/

a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading BOSTON & CAMBRIDGE: JAMES MUNROE AND COMPANY M DCCC XLIX.

languagesnounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒəz/

plural of “language” — a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading A subtle chain of countless rings The next unto the farthest brings; The eye reads omens where it goes, And speaks all languages the rose; And, striving to be man, the worm Mounts through all the spires of form.

MnounUS /em/

the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)

From this reading BOSTON & CAMBRIDGE: JAMES MUNROE AND COMPANY M DCCC XLIX.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading A subtle chain of countless rings The next unto the farthest brings; The eye reads omens where it goes, And speaks all languages the rose; And, striving to be man, the worm Mounts through all the spires of form.

MassachusettsnounUS /ˌmæsəˈtʃuːsəts/

a state in New England; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1849 By JAMES MUNROE AND COMPANY, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts.

MountsnounUS /maʊnts/

plural of “mount” — a lightweight horse kept for riding only

From this reading A subtle chain of countless rings The next unto the farthest brings; The eye reads omens where it goes, And speaks all languages the rose; And, striving to be man, the worm Mounts through all the spires of form.

MUNROE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BOSTON & CAMBRIDGE: JAMES MUNROE AND COMPANY M DCCC XLIX.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading A subtle chain of countless rings The next unto the farthest brings; The eye reads omens where it goes, And speaks all languages the rose; And, striving to be man, the worm Mounts through all the spires of form.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A subtle chain of countless rings The next unto the farthest brings; The eye reads omens where it goes, And speaks all languages the rose; And, striving to be man, the worm Mounts through all the spires of form.

OfficenounUS /ˈɔːfɪs/

place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed

From this reading Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1849 By JAMES MUNROE AND COMPANY, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts.

omensnounUS /ˈoʊmənz/

plural of “omen” — a sign of something about to happen

From this reading A subtle chain of countless rings The next unto the farthest brings; The eye reads omens where it goes, And speaks all languages the rose; And, striving to be man, the worm Mounts through all the spires of form.

OURdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading OUR age is retrospective.

readsnounUS /riːdz/

plural of “read” — something that is read

From this reading A subtle chain of countless rings The next unto the farthest brings; The eye reads omens where it goes, And speaks all languages the rose; And, striving to be man, the worm Mounts through all the spires of form.

retrospectivenounUS /ˌretrəˈspektɪv/

an exhibition of a representative selection of an artist's life work

From this reading OUR age is retrospective.

ringsnounUS /rɪŋz/

gymnastic apparatus consisting of a pair of heavy metal circles (usually covered with leather) suspended by ropes; used for gymnastic exercises

From this reading A subtle chain of countless rings The next unto the farthest brings; The eye reads omens where it goes, And speaks all languages the rose; And, striving to be man, the worm Mounts through all the spires of form.

rosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading A subtle chain of countless rings The next unto the farthest brings; The eye reads omens where it goes, And speaks all languages the rose; And, striving to be man, the worm Mounts through all the spires of form.

speaksverbUS /spiːks/

third-person singular of “speak” — express in speech

From this reading A subtle chain of countless rings The next unto the farthest brings; The eye reads omens where it goes, And speaks all languages the rose; And, striving to be man, the worm Mounts through all the spires of form.

spiresnounUS /spaɪrz/

plural of “spire” — a tall tower that forms the superstructure of a building (usually a church or temple) and that tapers to a point at the top

From this reading A subtle chain of countless rings The next unto the farthest brings; The eye reads omens where it goes, And speaks all languages the rose; And, striving to be man, the worm Mounts through all the spires of form.

StreetnounUS /striːt/

a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading BOSTON: THURSTON, TORRY AND COMPANY, 31 Devonshire Street.

strivingnounUS /ˈstraɪvɪŋ/

an effortful attempt to attain a goal

From this reading A subtle chain of countless rings The next unto the farthest brings; The eye reads omens where it goes, And speaks all languages the rose; And, striving to be man, the worm Mounts through all the spires of form.

subtleadjectiveUS /ˈsʌtəl/

difficult to detect or grasp by the mind or analyze

From this reading A subtle chain of countless rings The next unto the farthest brings; The eye reads omens where it goes, And speaks all languages the rose; And, striving to be man, the worm Mounts through all the spires of form.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A subtle chain of countless rings The next unto the farthest brings; The eye reads omens where it goes, And speaks all languages the rose; And, striving to be man, the worm Mounts through all the spires of form.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading A subtle chain of countless rings The next unto the farthest brings; The eye reads omens where it goes, And speaks all languages the rose; And, striving to be man, the worm Mounts through all the spires of form.

THURSTON

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BOSTON: THURSTON, TORRY AND COMPANY, 31 Devonshire Street.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading A subtle chain of countless rings The next unto the farthest brings; The eye reads omens where it goes, And speaks all languages the rose; And, striving to be man, the worm Mounts through all the spires of form.

TORRY

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BOSTON: THURSTON, TORRY AND COMPANY, 31 Devonshire Street.

untoprepositionUS /ˈʌntuː/

an old word for “to”

From this reading A subtle chain of countless rings The next unto the farthest brings; The eye reads omens where it goes, And speaks all languages the rose; And, striving to be man, the worm Mounts through all the spires of form.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading A subtle chain of countless rings The next unto the farthest brings; The eye reads omens where it goes, And speaks all languages the rose; And, striving to be man, the worm Mounts through all the spires of form.

wormnounUS /wɜːrm/

any of numerous relatively small elongated soft-bodied animals especially of the phyla Annelida and Chaetognatha and Nematoda and Nemertea and Platyhelminthes; also many insect larvae

From this reading A subtle chain of countless rings The next unto the farthest brings; The eye reads omens where it goes, And speaks all languages the rose; And, striving to be man, the worm Mounts through all the spires of form.

XLIX

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BOSTON & CAMBRIDGE: JAMES MUNROE AND COMPANY M DCCC XLIX.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1849 By JAMES MUNROE AND COMPANY, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts.

Chapter 1 of Nature by Ralph Waldo Emerson holds 37 sentences, grouped into 8 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Nature contain?

Chapter 1 holds 37 sentences of Nature, unabridged, divided into 8 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Nature by Ralph Waldo Emerson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 37 sentences, grouped into 8 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Nature?

Work through the 8 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 8 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Nature

Common questions about reading Nature by Ralph Waldo Emerson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Nature?

Yes. All 782 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #29433 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Nature is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #29433, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Nature take to read?

About 65 minutes of reading across 157 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Nature section by section

How to work through Nature section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 9 chapters of Nature to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Nature

Words and structures a reader meets early in Nature, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Subtle
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Chain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Countless
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Rings
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.