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Nature

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Nature is here in full — 115 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/23 · 5 lines
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BEAUTY.
A NOBLER want of man is served by nature, namely, the love of Beauty.
The ancient Greeks called the world _kosmos_, beauty.
Such is the constitution of all things, or such the plastic power of the human eye, that the primary forms, as the sky, the mountain, the tree, the animal, give us a delight _in and for themselves_; a pleasure arising from outline, color, motion, and grouping.
This seems partly owing to the eye itself.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Nature

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Nature is here in full — 115 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/23 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
BEAUTY.
/ˈbjuːti/
Line 2
A NOBLER want of man is served by nature, namely, the love of Beauty.
/ə ˈnoʊblər wɑːnt ʌv mæn ɪz sɜːrvd baɪ ˈneɪtʃər ˈneɪmli ðə lʌv ʌv ˈbjuːti/
Line 3
The ancient Greeks called the world _kosmos_, beauty.
Line 4
Such is the constitution of all things, or such the plastic power of the human eye, that the primary forms, as the sky, the mountain, the tree, the animal, give us a delight _in and for themselves_; a pleasure arising from outline, color, motion, and grouping.
/sʌtʃ ɪz ðə ˌkɑːnstəˈtuːʃən ʌv ɔːl θɪŋz ɔːr sʌtʃ ðə ˈplæstɪk ˈpaʊər ʌv ðə ˈhjuːmən aɪ ðæt ðə ˈpraɪmeri fɔːrmz æz ðə skaɪ ðə ˈmaʊntən ðə triː ðə ˈænəməl ɡɪv ʌs ə dɪˈlaɪt ɪn ənd fɔːr ðemˈselvz ə ˈpleʒər ərˈaɪzɪŋ frʌm ˈaʊtlaɪn ˈkʌlər ˈmoʊʃən ənd ˈɡruːpɪŋ/
Line 5
This seems partly owing to the eye itself.
/ðɪs siːmz ˈpɑːrtli ˈoʊɪŋ tuː ðə aɪ ˌɪtˈself/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

arising verb US /ərˈaɪzɪŋ/

-ing form of “arise” — come into existence; take on form or shape

From this reading “Such is the constitution of all things, or such the plastic power of the human eye, that the primary forms, as the sky, the mountain, the tree, the animal, give us a delight _in and for themselves_; a pleasure arising from outline, color, motion, and grouping.”

Greeks noun US /ɡriːks/

plural of “greek” — the Hellenic branch of the Indo-European family of languages

From this reading “The ancient Greeks called the world _kosmos_, beauty.”

grouping noun US /ˈɡruːpɪŋ/

any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading “Such is the constitution of all things, or such the plastic power of the human eye, that the primary forms, as the sky, the mountain, the tree, the animal, give us a delight _in and for themselves_; a pleasure arising from outline, color, motion, and grouping.”

namely adverb US /ˈneɪmli/

as follows

From this reading “A NOBLER want of man is served by nature, namely, the love of Beauty.”

nobler adjective US /ˈnoʊblər/

comparative of “noble” — impressive in appearance

From this reading “A NOBLER want of man is served by nature, namely, the love of Beauty.”

outline noun US /ˈaʊtlaɪn/

the line that appears to bound an object

From this reading “Such is the constitution of all things, or such the plastic power of the human eye, that the primary forms, as the sky, the mountain, the tree, the animal, give us a delight _in and for themselves_; a pleasure arising from outline, color, motion, and grouping.”

plastic adjective US /ˈplæstɪk/

capable of being molded or modeled (especially of earth or clay or other soft material)

From this reading “Such is the constitution of all things, or such the plastic power of the human eye, that the primary forms, as the sky, the mountain, the tree, the animal, give us a delight _in and for themselves_; a pleasure arising from outline, color, motion, and grouping.”

primary adjective US /ˈpraɪmeri/

of first rank or importance or value; direct and immediate rather than secondary

From this reading “Such is the constitution of all things, or such the plastic power of the human eye, that the primary forms, as the sky, the mountain, the tree, the animal, give us a delight _in and for themselves_; a pleasure arising from outline, color, motion, and grouping.”

All words in this reading · 55

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A NOBLER want of man is served by nature, namely, the love of Beauty.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Such is the constitution of all things, or such the plastic power of the human eye, that the primary forms, as the sky, the mountain, the tree, the animal, give us a delight _in and for themselves_; a pleasure arising from outline, color, motion, and grouping.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading The ancient Greeks called the world _kosmos_, beauty.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Such is the constitution of all things, or such the plastic power of the human eye, that the primary forms, as the sky, the mountain, the tree, the animal, give us a delight _in and for themselves_; a pleasure arising from outline, color, motion, and grouping.

animalnounUS /ˈænəməl/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading Such is the constitution of all things, or such the plastic power of the human eye, that the primary forms, as the sky, the mountain, the tree, the animal, give us a delight _in and for themselves_; a pleasure arising from outline, color, motion, and grouping.

arisingverbUS /ərˈaɪzɪŋ/

-ing form of “arise” — come into existence; take on form or shape

From this reading Such is the constitution of all things, or such the plastic power of the human eye, that the primary forms, as the sky, the mountain, the tree, the animal, give us a delight _in and for themselves_; a pleasure arising from outline, color, motion, and grouping.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Such is the constitution of all things, or such the plastic power of the human eye, that the primary forms, as the sky, the mountain, the tree, the animal, give us a delight _in and for themselves_; a pleasure arising from outline, color, motion, and grouping.

BEAUTYnounUS /ˈbjuːti/

the qualities that give pleasure to the senses

From this reading BEAUTY.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading A NOBLER want of man is served by nature, namely, the love of Beauty.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The ancient Greeks called the world _kosmos_, beauty.

colornounUS /ˈkʌlər/

a visual attribute of things that results from the light they emit or transmit or reflect

From this reading Such is the constitution of all things, or such the plastic power of the human eye, that the primary forms, as the sky, the mountain, the tree, the animal, give us a delight _in and for themselves_; a pleasure arising from outline, color, motion, and grouping.

constitutionnounUS /ˌkɑːnstəˈtuːʃən/

law determining the fundamental political principles of a government

From this reading Such is the constitution of all things, or such the plastic power of the human eye, that the primary forms, as the sky, the mountain, the tree, the animal, give us a delight _in and for themselves_; a pleasure arising from outline, color, motion, and grouping.

delightverbUS /dɪˈlaɪt/

give pleasure to or be pleasing to

From this reading Such is the constitution of all things, or such the plastic power of the human eye, that the primary forms, as the sky, the mountain, the tree, the animal, give us a delight _in and for themselves_; a pleasure arising from outline, color, motion, and grouping.

eyenounUS /aɪ/

the organ of sight

From this reading Such is the constitution of all things, or such the plastic power of the human eye, that the primary forms, as the sky, the mountain, the tree, the animal, give us a delight _in and for themselves_; a pleasure arising from outline, color, motion, and grouping.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Such is the constitution of all things, or such the plastic power of the human eye, that the primary forms, as the sky, the mountain, the tree, the animal, give us a delight _in and for themselves_; a pleasure arising from outline, color, motion, and grouping.

formsnounUS /fɔːrmz/

plural of “form” — the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading Such is the constitution of all things, or such the plastic power of the human eye, that the primary forms, as the sky, the mountain, the tree, the animal, give us a delight _in and for themselves_; a pleasure arising from outline, color, motion, and grouping.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Such is the constitution of all things, or such the plastic power of the human eye, that the primary forms, as the sky, the mountain, the tree, the animal, give us a delight _in and for themselves_; a pleasure arising from outline, color, motion, and grouping.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading Such is the constitution of all things, or such the plastic power of the human eye, that the primary forms, as the sky, the mountain, the tree, the animal, give us a delight _in and for themselves_; a pleasure arising from outline, color, motion, and grouping.

GreeksnounUS /ɡriːks/

plural of “greek” — the Hellenic branch of the Indo-European family of languages

From this reading The ancient Greeks called the world _kosmos_, beauty.

groupingnounUS /ˈɡruːpɪŋ/

any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading Such is the constitution of all things, or such the plastic power of the human eye, that the primary forms, as the sky, the mountain, the tree, the animal, give us a delight _in and for themselves_; a pleasure arising from outline, color, motion, and grouping.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading Such is the constitution of all things, or such the plastic power of the human eye, that the primary forms, as the sky, the mountain, the tree, the animal, give us a delight _in and for themselves_; a pleasure arising from outline, color, motion, and grouping.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Such is the constitution of all things, or such the plastic power of the human eye, that the primary forms, as the sky, the mountain, the tree, the animal, give us a delight _in and for themselves_; a pleasure arising from outline, color, motion, and grouping.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A NOBLER want of man is served by nature, namely, the love of Beauty.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading This seems partly owing to the eye itself.

kosmos

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The ancient Greeks called the world _kosmos_, beauty.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading A NOBLER want of man is served by nature, namely, the love of Beauty.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading A NOBLER want of man is served by nature, namely, the love of Beauty.

motionnounUS /ˈmoʊʃən/

the use of movements (especially of the hands) to communicate familiar or prearranged signals

From this reading Such is the constitution of all things, or such the plastic power of the human eye, that the primary forms, as the sky, the mountain, the tree, the animal, give us a delight _in and for themselves_; a pleasure arising from outline, color, motion, and grouping.

mountainnounUS /ˈmaʊntən/

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading Such is the constitution of all things, or such the plastic power of the human eye, that the primary forms, as the sky, the mountain, the tree, the animal, give us a delight _in and for themselves_; a pleasure arising from outline, color, motion, and grouping.

namelyadverbUS /ˈneɪmli/

as follows

From this reading A NOBLER want of man is served by nature, namely, the love of Beauty.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading A NOBLER want of man is served by nature, namely, the love of Beauty.

NOBLERadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊblər/

comparative of “noble” — impressive in appearance

From this reading A NOBLER want of man is served by nature, namely, the love of Beauty.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A NOBLER want of man is served by nature, namely, the love of Beauty.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Such is the constitution of all things, or such the plastic power of the human eye, that the primary forms, as the sky, the mountain, the tree, the animal, give us a delight _in and for themselves_; a pleasure arising from outline, color, motion, and grouping.

outlinenounUS /ˈaʊtlaɪn/

the line that appears to bound an object

From this reading Such is the constitution of all things, or such the plastic power of the human eye, that the primary forms, as the sky, the mountain, the tree, the animal, give us a delight _in and for themselves_; a pleasure arising from outline, color, motion, and grouping.

owingadjectiveUS /ˈoʊɪŋ/

owed as a debt

From this reading This seems partly owing to the eye itself.

partlyadverbUS /ˈpɑːrtli/

to some extent; in some degree; not wholly

From this reading This seems partly owing to the eye itself.

plasticadjectiveUS /ˈplæstɪk/

capable of being molded or modeled (especially of earth or clay or other soft material)

From this reading Such is the constitution of all things, or such the plastic power of the human eye, that the primary forms, as the sky, the mountain, the tree, the animal, give us a delight _in and for themselves_; a pleasure arising from outline, color, motion, and grouping.

pleasurenounUS /ˈpleʒər/

a fundamental feeling that is hard to define but that people desire to experience

From this reading Such is the constitution of all things, or such the plastic power of the human eye, that the primary forms, as the sky, the mountain, the tree, the animal, give us a delight _in and for themselves_; a pleasure arising from outline, color, motion, and grouping.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading Such is the constitution of all things, or such the plastic power of the human eye, that the primary forms, as the sky, the mountain, the tree, the animal, give us a delight _in and for themselves_; a pleasure arising from outline, color, motion, and grouping.

primaryadjectiveUS /ˈpraɪmeri/

of first rank or importance or value; direct and immediate rather than secondary

From this reading Such is the constitution of all things, or such the plastic power of the human eye, that the primary forms, as the sky, the mountain, the tree, the animal, give us a delight _in and for themselves_; a pleasure arising from outline, color, motion, and grouping.

seemsverbUS /siːmz/

third-person singular of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading This seems partly owing to the eye itself.

servedverbUS /sɜːrvd/

past form of “serve” — serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading A NOBLER want of man is served by nature, namely, the love of Beauty.

skynounUS /skaɪ/

the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading Such is the constitution of all things, or such the plastic power of the human eye, that the primary forms, as the sky, the mountain, the tree, the animal, give us a delight _in and for themselves_; a pleasure arising from outline, color, motion, and grouping.

SuchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Such is the constitution of all things, or such the plastic power of the human eye, that the primary forms, as the sky, the mountain, the tree, the animal, give us a delight _in and for themselves_; a pleasure arising from outline, color, motion, and grouping.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Such is the constitution of all things, or such the plastic power of the human eye, that the primary forms, as the sky, the mountain, the tree, the animal, give us a delight _in and for themselves_; a pleasure arising from outline, color, motion, and grouping.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A NOBLER want of man is served by nature, namely, the love of Beauty.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading Such is the constitution of all things, or such the plastic power of the human eye, that the primary forms, as the sky, the mountain, the tree, the animal, give us a delight _in and for themselves_; a pleasure arising from outline, color, motion, and grouping.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading Such is the constitution of all things, or such the plastic power of the human eye, that the primary forms, as the sky, the mountain, the tree, the animal, give us a delight _in and for themselves_; a pleasure arising from outline, color, motion, and grouping.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This seems partly owing to the eye itself.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading This seems partly owing to the eye itself.

treenounUS /triː/

a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading Such is the constitution of all things, or such the plastic power of the human eye, that the primary forms, as the sky, the mountain, the tree, the animal, give us a delight _in and for themselves_; a pleasure arising from outline, color, motion, and grouping.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Such is the constitution of all things, or such the plastic power of the human eye, that the primary forms, as the sky, the mountain, the tree, the animal, give us a delight _in and for themselves_; a pleasure arising from outline, color, motion, and grouping.

wantverbUS /wɑːnt/

feel or have a desire for; want strongly

From this reading A NOBLER want of man is served by nature, namely, the love of Beauty.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading The ancient Greeks called the world _kosmos_, beauty.

Chapter 4 of Nature by Ralph Waldo Emerson holds 115 sentences, grouped into 23 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Nature contain?

Chapter 4 holds 115 sentences of Nature, unabridged, divided into 23 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Nature by Ralph Waldo Emerson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 115 sentences, grouped into 23 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Nature?

Work through the 23 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 23 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Nature

Common questions about reading Nature by Ralph Waldo Emerson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Nature?

Yes. All 782 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #29433 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Nature is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #29433, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Nature take to read?

About 65 minutes of reading across 157 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Nature section by section

How to work through Nature section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 9 chapters of Nature to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Nature

Words and structures a reader meets early in Nature, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Subtle
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Chain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Countless
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Rings
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.