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Nature and Art
Nature and Art

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Nature and Art is here in full — 12 sentences across 3 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/2 · 5 lines
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At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.
As they walked out of their native town, each with a small bundle at his back, each observed the other drop several tears: but, upon the sudden meeting of their eyes, they both smiled with a degree of disdain at the weakness in which they had been caught.
"I am sure," said William (the elder), "I don't know what makes me cry."
"Nor I neither," said Henry; "for though we may never see this town again, yet we leave nothing behind us to give us reason to lament."
"No," replied William, "nor anybody who cares what becomes of us."
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Nature and Art

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Nature and Art is here in full — 12 sentences across 3 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/2 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.
Line 2
As they walked out of their native town, each with a small bundle at his back, each observed the other drop several tears: but, upon the sudden meeting of their eyes, they both smiled with a degree of disdain at the weakness in which they had been caught.
/æz ðeɪ wɔːkt aʊt ʌv ðer ˈneɪtɪv taʊn iːtʃ wɪð ə smɔːl ˈbʌndəl æt hɪz bæk iːtʃ əbˈzɜːrvd ðə ˈʌðər drɑːp ˈsevrəl terz bʌt əˈpɑːn ðə ˈsʌdən ˈmiːtɪŋ ʌv ðer aɪz ðeɪ boʊθ smaɪld wɪð ə dɪˈɡriː ʌv dɪsˈdeɪn æt ðə ˈwiːknəs ɪn wɪtʃ ðeɪ hæd bɪn kɑːt/
Line 3
"I am sure," said William (the elder), "I don't know what makes me cry."
Line 4
"Nor I neither," said Henry; "for though we may never see this town again, yet we leave nothing behind us to give us reason to lament."
/nɔːr aɪ ˈniːðər sed ˈhenri fɔːr ðoʊ wiː meɪ ˈnevər siː ðɪs taʊn əˈɡen jet wiː liːv ˈnʌθɪŋ bɪˈhaɪnd ʌs tuː ɡɪv ʌs ˈriːzən tuː ləˈment/
Line 5
"No," replied William, "nor anybody who cares what becomes of us."

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

insolvent noun US /ˌɪnˈsɑːlvənt/

someone who has insufficient assets to cover their debts

From this reading “At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.”

lament verb US /ləˈment/

express grief verbally

From this reading “"Nor I neither," said Henry; "for though we may never see this town again, yet we leave nothing behind us to give us reason to lament."”

laureate noun US /ˈlɔːriət/

someone honored for great achievements; figuratively someone crowned with a laurel wreath

From this reading “At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.”

patrons noun US /ˈpeɪtrənz/

plural of “patron” — a regular customer

From this reading “At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.”

procuring verb US /proʊˈkjʊrɪŋ/

-ing form of “procure” — get by special effort

From this reading “At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.”

protectors noun US /prəˈtektərz/

plural of “protector” — a person who cares for persons or property

From this reading “At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.”

shopkeeper noun US /ˈʃɑːpkiːpər/

a merchant who owns or manages a shop

From this reading “At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.”

subsistence noun US /səbˈsɪstəns/

minimal (or marginal) resources for subsisting

From this reading “At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.”

All words in this reading · 114

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

acknowledgedadjectiveUS /ækˈnɑːlɪdʒd/

recognized or made known or admitted

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

admirersnounUS /ədˈmaɪrərz/

plural of “admirer” — a person who backs a politician or a team etc.

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading "Nor I neither," said Henry; "for though we may never see this town again, yet we leave nothing behind us to give us reason to lament."

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading "I am sure," said William (the elder), "I don't know what makes me cry."

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

anybodypronounUS /ˈenibədi/

any person at all

From this reading "No," replied William, "nor anybody who cares what becomes of us."

artsnounUS /ɑːrts/

studies intended to provide general knowledge and intellectual skills (rather than occupational or professional skills)

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As they walked out of their native town, each with a small bundle at his back, each observed the other drop several tears: but, upon the sudden meeting of their eyes, they both smiled with a degree of disdain at the weakness in which they had been caught.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading As they walked out of their native town, each with a small bundle at his back, each observed the other drop several tears: but, upon the sudden meeting of their eyes, they both smiled with a degree of disdain at the weakness in which they had been caught.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

becomesverbUS /bɪˈkʌmz/

third-person singular of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading "No," replied William, "nor anybody who cares what becomes of us."

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading As they walked out of their native town, each with a small bundle at his back, each observed the other drop several tears: but, upon the sudden meeting of their eyes, they both smiled with a degree of disdain at the weakness in which they had been caught.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading "Nor I neither," said Henry; "for though we may never see this town again, yet we leave nothing behind us to give us reason to lament."

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading As they walked out of their native town, each with a small bundle at his back, each observed the other drop several tears: but, upon the sudden meeting of their eyes, they both smiled with a degree of disdain at the weakness in which they had been caught.

BritainnounUS /ˈbrɪtən/

a monarchy in northwestern Europe occupying most of the British Isles; divided into England and Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland; “Great Britain” is often used loosely to refer to the United Kingdom

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

brothersnounUS /ˈbrʌðərz/

plural of “brother” — a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

bundlenounUS /ˈbʌndəl/

a collection of things wrapped or boxed together

From this reading As they walked out of their native town, each with a small bundle at his back, each observed the other drop several tears: but, upon the sudden meeting of their eyes, they both smiled with a degree of disdain at the weakness in which they had been caught.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading As they walked out of their native town, each with a small bundle at his back, each observed the other drop several tears: but, upon the sudden meeting of their eyes, they both smiled with a degree of disdain at the weakness in which they had been caught.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

caresnounUS /kerz/

plural of “care” — the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading "No," replied William, "nor anybody who cares what becomes of us."

caughtverbUS /kɑːt/

inflected form of “catch” — discover or come upon accidentally, suddenly, or unexpectedly; catch somebody doing something or in a certain state

From this reading As they walked out of their native town, each with a small bundle at his back, each observed the other drop several tears: but, upon the sudden meeting of their eyes, they both smiled with a degree of disdain at the weakness in which they had been caught.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

cryverbUS /kraɪ/

utter a sudden loud cry

From this reading "I am sure," said William (the elder), "I don't know what makes me cry."

degreenounUS /dɪˈɡriː/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading As they walked out of their native town, each with a small bundle at his back, each observed the other drop several tears: but, upon the sudden meeting of their eyes, they both smiled with a degree of disdain at the weakness in which they had been caught.

diedverbUS /daɪd/

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

disdainverbUS /dɪsˈdeɪn/

look down on with disdain

From this reading As they walked out of their native town, each with a small bundle at his back, each observed the other drop several tears: but, upon the sudden meeting of their eyes, they both smiled with a degree of disdain at the weakness in which they had been caught.

don't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "I am sure," said William (the elder), "I don't know what makes me cry."

dropverbUS /drɑːp/

let fall to the ground

From this reading As they walked out of their native town, each with a small bundle at his back, each observed the other drop several tears: but, upon the sudden meeting of their eyes, they both smiled with a degree of disdain at the weakness in which they had been caught.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading As they walked out of their native town, each with a small bundle at his back, each observed the other drop several tears: but, upon the sudden meeting of their eyes, they both smiled with a degree of disdain at the weakness in which they had been caught.

eldernounUS /ˈeldər/

a person who is older than you are

From this reading "I am sure," said William (the elder), "I don't know what makes me cry."

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading As they walked out of their native town, each with a small bundle at his back, each observed the other drop several tears: but, upon the sudden meeting of their eyes, they both smiled with a degree of disdain at the weakness in which they had been caught.

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading "Nor I neither," said Henry; "for though we may never see this town again, yet we leave nothing behind us to give us reason to lament."

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

HenrynounUS /ˈhenri/

a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading As they walked out of their native town, each with a small bundle at his back, each observed the other drop several tears: but, upon the sudden meeting of their eyes, they both smiled with a degree of disdain at the weakness in which they had been caught.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "I am sure," said William (the elder), "I don't know what makes me cry."

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

industrynounUS /ˈɪndəstri/

the people or companies engaged in a particular kind of commercial enterprise

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

insolventnounUS /ˌɪnˈsɑːlvənt/

someone who has insufficient assets to cover their debts

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading "I am sure," said William (the elder), "I don't know what makes me cry."

lamentverbUS /ləˈment/

express grief verbally

From this reading "Nor I neither," said Henry; "for though we may never see this town again, yet we leave nothing behind us to give us reason to lament."

latelyadverbUS /ˈleɪtli/

in the recent past

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

laureatenounUS /ˈlɔːriət/

someone honored for great achievements; figuratively someone crowned with a laurel wreath

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

leaveverbUS /liːv/

go away from a place

From this reading "Nor I neither," said Henry; "for though we may never see this town again, yet we leave nothing behind us to give us reason to lament."

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

makesnounUS /meɪks/

plural of “make” — a recognizable kind

From this reading "I am sure," said William (the elder), "I don't know what makes me cry."

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading "Nor I neither," said Henry; "for though we may never see this town again, yet we leave nothing behind us to give us reason to lament."

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading "I am sure," said William (the elder), "I don't know what makes me cry."

meetingnounUS /ˈmiːtɪŋ/

a formally arranged gathering

From this reading As they walked out of their native town, each with a small bundle at his back, each observed the other drop several tears: but, upon the sudden meeting of their eyes, they both smiled with a degree of disdain at the weakness in which they had been caught.

musicnounUS /ˈmjuːzɪk/

an artistic form of auditory communication incorporating instrumental or vocal tones in a structured and continuous manner

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

nationnounUS /ˈneɪʃən/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

nativeadjectiveUS /ˈneɪtɪv/

characteristic of or existing by virtue of geographic origin

From this reading As they walked out of their native town, each with a small bundle at his back, each observed the other drop several tears: but, upon the sudden meeting of their eyes, they both smiled with a degree of disdain at the weakness in which they had been caught.

neitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading "Nor I neither," said Henry; "for though we may never see this town again, yet we leave nothing behind us to give us reason to lament."

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading "Nor I neither," said Henry; "for though we may never see this town again, yet we leave nothing behind us to give us reason to lament."

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading "No," replied William, "nor anybody who cares what becomes of us."

nobilitynounUS /noʊˈbɪləti/

a privileged class holding hereditary titles

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

NorconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading "Nor I neither," said Henry; "for though we may never see this town again, yet we leave nothing behind us to give us reason to lament."

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading "Nor I neither," said Henry; "for though we may never see this town again, yet we leave nothing behind us to give us reason to lament."

observedadjectiveUS /əbˈzɜːrvd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading As they walked out of their native town, each with a small bundle at his back, each observed the other drop several tears: but, upon the sudden meeting of their eyes, they both smiled with a degree of disdain at the weakness in which they had been caught.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading As they walked out of their native town, each with a small bundle at his back, each observed the other drop several tears: but, upon the sudden meeting of their eyes, they both smiled with a degree of disdain at the weakness in which they had been caught.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

patronsnounUS /ˈpeɪtrənz/

plural of “patron” — a regular customer

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

poetnounUS /ˈpoʊət/

a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

procuringverbUS /proʊˈkjʊrɪŋ/

-ing form of “procure” — get by special effort

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

protectorsnounUS /prəˈtektərz/

plural of “protector” — a person who cares for persons or property

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading "Nor I neither," said Henry; "for though we may never see this town again, yet we leave nothing behind us to give us reason to lament."

repliedverbUS /rɪˈplaɪd/

inflected form of “reply” — react verbally

From this reading "No," replied William, "nor anybody who cares what becomes of us."

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

scantyadjectiveUS /ˈskænti/

lacking in magnitude or quantity

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading "Nor I neither," said Henry; "for though we may never see this town again, yet we leave nothing behind us to give us reason to lament."

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading As they walked out of their native town, each with a small bundle at his back, each observed the other drop several tears: but, upon the sudden meeting of their eyes, they both smiled with a degree of disdain at the weakness in which they had been caught.

shopkeepernounUS /ˈʃɑːpkiːpər/

a merchant who owns or manages a shop

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading As they walked out of their native town, each with a small bundle at his back, each observed the other drop several tears: but, upon the sudden meeting of their eyes, they both smiled with a degree of disdain at the weakness in which they had been caught.

smiledverbUS /smaɪld/

past form of “smile” — change one's facial expression by spreading the lips, often to signal pleasure

From this reading As they walked out of their native town, each with a small bundle at his back, each observed the other drop several tears: but, upon the sudden meeting of their eyes, they both smiled with a degree of disdain at the weakness in which they had been caught.

sonsnounUS /sʌnz/

plural of “son” — a male human offspring

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

subsistencenounUS /səbˈsɪstəns/

minimal (or marginal) resources for subsisting

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

suddenadjectiveUS /ˈsʌdən/

happening without warning or in a short space of time

From this reading As they walked out of their native town, each with a small bundle at his back, each observed the other drop several tears: but, upon the sudden meeting of their eyes, they both smiled with a degree of disdain at the weakness in which they had been caught.

sureadjectiveUS /ʃʊr/

having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured

From this reading "I am sure," said William (the elder), "I don't know what makes me cry."

tearsnounUS /terz/

the process of shedding tears (usually accompanied by sobs or other inarticulate sounds)

From this reading As they walked out of their native town, each with a small bundle at his back, each observed the other drop several tears: but, upon the sudden meeting of their eyes, they both smiled with a degree of disdain at the weakness in which they had been caught.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading As they walked out of their native town, each with a small bundle at his back, each observed the other drop several tears: but, upon the sudden meeting of their eyes, they both smiled with a degree of disdain at the weakness in which they had been caught.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading "Nor I neither," said Henry; "for though we may never see this town again, yet we leave nothing behind us to give us reason to lament."

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading "Nor I neither," said Henry; "for though we may never see this town again, yet we leave nothing behind us to give us reason to lament."

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading As they walked out of their native town, each with a small bundle at his back, each observed the other drop several tears: but, upon the sudden meeting of their eyes, they both smiled with a degree of disdain at the weakness in which they had been caught.

twentynounUS /ˈtwenti/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nineteen and one

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading As they walked out of their native town, each with a small bundle at his back, each observed the other drop several tears: but, upon the sudden meeting of their eyes, they both smiled with a degree of disdain at the weakness in which they had been caught.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading "Nor I neither," said Henry; "for though we may never see this town again, yet we leave nothing behind us to give us reason to lament."

walkedverbUS /wɔːkt/

past form of “walk” — use one's feet to advance; advance by steps

From this reading As they walked out of their native town, each with a small bundle at his back, each observed the other drop several tears: but, upon the sudden meeting of their eyes, they both smiled with a degree of disdain at the weakness in which they had been caught.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading "Nor I neither," said Henry; "for though we may never see this town again, yet we leave nothing behind us to give us reason to lament."

weaknessnounUS /ˈwiːknəs/

a flaw or weak point

From this reading As they walked out of their native town, each with a small bundle at his back, each observed the other drop several tears: but, upon the sudden meeting of their eyes, they both smiled with a degree of disdain at the weakness in which they had been caught.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading "I am sure," said William (the elder), "I don't know what makes me cry."

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading As they walked out of their native town, each with a small bundle at his back, each observed the other drop several tears: but, upon the sudden meeting of their eyes, they both smiled with a degree of disdain at the weakness in which they had been caught.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading As they walked out of their native town, each with a small bundle at his back, each observed the other drop several tears: but, upon the sudden meeting of their eyes, they both smiled with a degree of disdain at the weakness in which they had been caught.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading "Nor I neither," said Henry; "for though we may never see this town again, yet we leave nothing behind us to give us reason to lament."

youthsnounUS /juːðz/

plural of “youth” — a young person (especially a young man or boy)

From this reading At a time when the nobility of Britain were said, by the poet laureate, to be the admirers and protectors of the arts, and were acknowledged by the whole nation to be the patrons of music--William and Henry, youths under twenty years of age, brothers, and the sons of a country shopkeeper who had lately died insolvent, set out on foot for London, in the hope of procuring by their industry a scanty subsistence.

Chapter 1 of Nature and Art by Mrs. Inchbald holds 12 sentences, grouped into 3 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Nature and Art contain?

Chapter 1 holds 12 sentences of Nature and Art, unabridged, divided into 3 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Nature and Art by Mrs. Inchbald exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 12 sentences, grouped into 3 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Nature and Art?

Work through the 3 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 3 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Nature and Art

Common questions about reading Nature and Art by Mrs. Inchbald on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Nature and Art?

Yes. All 1542 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3787 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Nature and Art is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3787, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Nature and Art take to read?

About 128 minutes of reading across 309 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Nature and Art section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Nature and Art

Words and structures a reader meets early in Nature and Art, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Nobility
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature and Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Britain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature and Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Laureate
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature and Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Admirers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature and Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.