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Nature and Art
Nature and Art

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of Nature and Art is here in full — 28 sentences across 6 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/5 · 5 lines
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In addition to his ignorant conversation upon many topics, young Henry had an incorrigible misconception and misapplication of many _words_.
His father having had but few opportunities of discoursing with him, upon account of his attendance at the court of the savages, and not having books in the island, he had consequently many words to learn of this country's language when he arrived in England.
This task his retentive memory made easy to him; but his childish inattention to their proper signification still made his want of education conspicuous.
He would call _compliments_, _lies_; _reserve_, he would call _pride_; _stateliness_, _affectation_; and for the words _war_ and _battle_, he constantly substituted the word _massacre_.
"Sir," said William to his father one morning, as he entered the room, "do you hear how the cannons are firing, and the bells ringing?"
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Nature and Art

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of Nature and Art is here in full — 28 sentences across 6 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/5 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In addition to his ignorant conversation upon many topics, young Henry had an incorrigible misconception and misapplication of many _words_.
/ɪn əˈdɪʃən tuː hɪz ˈɪɡnərənt ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃən əˈpɑːn ˈmeni ˈtɑːpɪks jʌŋ ˈhenri hæd æn ˌɪnˈkɑːrədʒəbəl mɪskənˈsepʃən ənd mɪˌsæpləˈkeɪʃən ʌv ˈmeni wɜːrdz/
Line 2
His father having had but few opportunities of discoursing with him, upon account of his attendance at the court of the savages, and not having books in the island, he had consequently many words to learn of this country's language when he arrived in England.
Line 3
This task his retentive memory made easy to him; but his childish inattention to their proper signification still made his want of education conspicuous.
Line 4
He would call _compliments_, _lies_; _reserve_, he would call _pride_; _stateliness_, _affectation_; and for the words _war_ and _battle_, he constantly substituted the word _massacre_.
Line 5
"Sir," said William to his father one morning, as he entered the room, "do you hear how the cannons are firing, and the bells ringing?"

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cannons noun US /ˈkænənz/

plural of “cannon” — a large artillery gun that is usually on wheels

From this reading “"Sir," said William to his father one morning, as he entered the room, "do you hear how the cannons are firing, and the bells ringing?"”

country's noun US /ˈkʌntriz/

possessive form of “country” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading “His father having had but few opportunities of discoursing with him, upon account of his attendance at the court of the savages, and not having books in the island, he had consequently many words to learn of this country's language when he arrived in England.”

inattention noun US /ˌɪnəˈtentʃən/

lack of attention

From this reading “This task his retentive memory made easy to him; but his childish inattention to their proper signification still made his want of education conspicuous.”

incorrigible adjective US /ˌɪnˈkɑːrədʒəbəl/

impervious to correction by punishment

From this reading “In addition to his ignorant conversation upon many topics, young Henry had an incorrigible misconception and misapplication of many _words_.”

massacre verb US /ˈmæsəkər/

kill a large number of people indiscriminately

misapplication noun US /mɪˌsæpləˈkeɪʃən/

wrong use or application

From this reading “In addition to his ignorant conversation upon many topics, young Henry had an incorrigible misconception and misapplication of many _words_.”

misconception noun US /mɪskənˈsepʃən/

an incorrect conception

From this reading “In addition to his ignorant conversation upon many topics, young Henry had an incorrigible misconception and misapplication of many _words_.”

substituted verb US /ˈsʌbstətuːtɪd/

past form of “substitute” — put in the place of another; switch seemingly equivalent items

From this reading “He would call _compliments_, _lies_; _reserve_, he would call _pride_; _stateliness_, _affectation_; and for the words _war_ and _battle_, he constantly substituted the word _massacre_.”

All words in this reading · 91

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading His father having had but few opportunities of discoursing with him, upon account of his attendance at the court of the savages, and not having books in the island, he had consequently many words to learn of this country's language when he arrived in England.

additionnounUS /əˈdɪʃən/

a component that is added to something to improve it

From this reading In addition to his ignorant conversation upon many topics, young Henry had an incorrigible misconception and misapplication of many _words_.

affectationnounUS /ˌæfekˈteɪʃən/

a deliberate pretense or exaggerated display

From this reading He would call _compliments_, _lies_; _reserve_, he would call _pride_; _stateliness_, _affectation_; and for the words _war_ and _battle_, he constantly substituted the word _massacre_.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading In addition to his ignorant conversation upon many topics, young Henry had an incorrigible misconception and misapplication of many _words_.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In addition to his ignorant conversation upon many topics, young Henry had an incorrigible misconception and misapplication of many _words_.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading "Sir," said William to his father one morning, as he entered the room, "do you hear how the cannons are firing, and the bells ringing?"

arrivedverbUS /ərˈaɪvd/

past form of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading His father having had but few opportunities of discoursing with him, upon account of his attendance at the court of the savages, and not having books in the island, he had consequently many words to learn of this country's language when he arrived in England.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading "Sir," said William to his father one morning, as he entered the room, "do you hear how the cannons are firing, and the bells ringing?"

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading His father having had but few opportunities of discoursing with him, upon account of his attendance at the court of the savages, and not having books in the island, he had consequently many words to learn of this country's language when he arrived in England.

attendancenounUS /əˈtendəns/

the act of being present (at a meeting or event etc.)

From this reading His father having had but few opportunities of discoursing with him, upon account of his attendance at the court of the savages, and not having books in the island, he had consequently many words to learn of this country's language when he arrived in England.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading He would call _compliments_, _lies_; _reserve_, he would call _pride_; _stateliness_, _affectation_; and for the words _war_ and _battle_, he constantly substituted the word _massacre_.

bellsnounUS /belz/

plural of “bell” — a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck

From this reading "Sir," said William to his father one morning, as he entered the room, "do you hear how the cannons are firing, and the bells ringing?"

booksnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading His father having had but few opportunities of discoursing with him, upon account of his attendance at the court of the savages, and not having books in the island, he had consequently many words to learn of this country's language when he arrived in England.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading His father having had but few opportunities of discoursing with him, upon account of his attendance at the court of the savages, and not having books in the island, he had consequently many words to learn of this country's language when he arrived in England.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading He would call _compliments_, _lies_; _reserve_, he would call _pride_; _stateliness_, _affectation_; and for the words _war_ and _battle_, he constantly substituted the word _massacre_.

cannonsnounUS /ˈkænənz/

plural of “cannon” — a large artillery gun that is usually on wheels

From this reading "Sir," said William to his father one morning, as he entered the room, "do you hear how the cannons are firing, and the bells ringing?"

childishadjectiveUS /ˈtʃaɪldɪʃ/

indicating a lack of maturity

From this reading This task his retentive memory made easy to him; but his childish inattention to their proper signification still made his want of education conspicuous.

complimentsnounUS /ˈkɑːmpləments/

(usually plural) a polite expression of desire for someone's welfare

From this reading He would call _compliments_, _lies_; _reserve_, he would call _pride_; _stateliness_, _affectation_; and for the words _war_ and _battle_, he constantly substituted the word _massacre_.

consequentlyadverbUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwəntli/

(sentence connectors) because of the reason given

From this reading His father having had but few opportunities of discoursing with him, upon account of his attendance at the court of the savages, and not having books in the island, he had consequently many words to learn of this country's language when he arrived in England.

conspicuousadjectiveUS /kənˈspɪkjuːəs/

obvious to the eye or mind

From this reading This task his retentive memory made easy to him; but his childish inattention to their proper signification still made his want of education conspicuous.

constantlyadverbUS /ˈkɑːnstəntli/

without variation or change, in every case

From this reading He would call _compliments_, _lies_; _reserve_, he would call _pride_; _stateliness_, _affectation_; and for the words _war_ and _battle_, he constantly substituted the word _massacre_.

conversationnounUS /ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃən/

the use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc.

From this reading In addition to his ignorant conversation upon many topics, young Henry had an incorrigible misconception and misapplication of many _words_.

country'snounUS /ˈkʌntriz/

possessive form of “country” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading His father having had but few opportunities of discoursing with him, upon account of his attendance at the court of the savages, and not having books in the island, he had consequently many words to learn of this country's language when he arrived in England.

courtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading His father having had but few opportunities of discoursing with him, upon account of his attendance at the court of the savages, and not having books in the island, he had consequently many words to learn of this country's language when he arrived in England.

discoursing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His father having had but few opportunities of discoursing with him, upon account of his attendance at the court of the savages, and not having books in the island, he had consequently many words to learn of this country's language when he arrived in England.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading "Sir," said William to his father one morning, as he entered the room, "do you hear how the cannons are firing, and the bells ringing?"

easyadjectiveUS /ˈiːzi/

posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading This task his retentive memory made easy to him; but his childish inattention to their proper signification still made his want of education conspicuous.

educationnounUS /ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən/

the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill

From this reading This task his retentive memory made easy to him; but his childish inattention to their proper signification still made his want of education conspicuous.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading His father having had but few opportunities of discoursing with him, upon account of his attendance at the court of the savages, and not having books in the island, he had consequently many words to learn of this country's language when he arrived in England.

enteredverbUS /ˈentərd/

past form of “enter” — to come or go into

From this reading "Sir," said William to his father one morning, as he entered the room, "do you hear how the cannons are firing, and the bells ringing?"

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading His father having had but few opportunities of discoursing with him, upon account of his attendance at the court of the savages, and not having books in the island, he had consequently many words to learn of this country's language when he arrived in England.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading His father having had but few opportunities of discoursing with him, upon account of his attendance at the court of the savages, and not having books in the island, he had consequently many words to learn of this country's language when he arrived in England.

firingnounUS /ˈfaɪrɪŋ/

the act of firing weapons or artillery at an enemy

From this reading "Sir," said William to his father one morning, as he entered the room, "do you hear how the cannons are firing, and the bells ringing?"

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He would call _compliments_, _lies_; _reserve_, he would call _pride_; _stateliness_, _affectation_; and for the words _war_ and _battle_, he constantly substituted the word _massacre_.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In addition to his ignorant conversation upon many topics, young Henry had an incorrigible misconception and misapplication of many _words_.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading His father having had but few opportunities of discoursing with him, upon account of his attendance at the court of the savages, and not having books in the island, he had consequently many words to learn of this country's language when he arrived in England.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading His father having had but few opportunities of discoursing with him, upon account of his attendance at the court of the savages, and not having books in the island, he had consequently many words to learn of this country's language when he arrived in England.

hearverbUS /hiːr/

perceive (sound) via the auditory sense

From this reading "Sir," said William to his father one morning, as he entered the room, "do you hear how the cannons are firing, and the bells ringing?"

HenrynounUS /ˈhenri/

a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second

From this reading In addition to his ignorant conversation upon many topics, young Henry had an incorrigible misconception and misapplication of many _words_.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading His father having had but few opportunities of discoursing with him, upon account of his attendance at the court of the savages, and not having books in the island, he had consequently many words to learn of this country's language when he arrived in England.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In addition to his ignorant conversation upon many topics, young Henry had an incorrigible misconception and misapplication of many _words_.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Sir," said William to his father one morning, as he entered the room, "do you hear how the cannons are firing, and the bells ringing?"

ignorantadjectiveUS /ˈɪɡnərənt/

uneducated in general; lacking knowledge or sophistication

From this reading In addition to his ignorant conversation upon many topics, young Henry had an incorrigible misconception and misapplication of many _words_.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In addition to his ignorant conversation upon many topics, young Henry had an incorrigible misconception and misapplication of many _words_.

inattentionnounUS /ˌɪnəˈtentʃən/

lack of attention

From this reading This task his retentive memory made easy to him; but his childish inattention to their proper signification still made his want of education conspicuous.

incorrigibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkɑːrədʒəbəl/

impervious to correction by punishment

From this reading In addition to his ignorant conversation upon many topics, young Henry had an incorrigible misconception and misapplication of many _words_.

islandnounUS /ˈaɪlənd/

a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water

From this reading His father having had but few opportunities of discoursing with him, upon account of his attendance at the court of the savages, and not having books in the island, he had consequently many words to learn of this country's language when he arrived in England.

languagenounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/

a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading His father having had but few opportunities of discoursing with him, upon account of his attendance at the court of the savages, and not having books in the island, he had consequently many words to learn of this country's language when he arrived in England.

learnverbUS /lɜːrn/

gain knowledge or skills

From this reading His father having had but few opportunities of discoursing with him, upon account of his attendance at the court of the savages, and not having books in the island, he had consequently many words to learn of this country's language when he arrived in England.

liesnounUS /laɪz/

plural of “lie” — a statement that deviates from or perverts the truth

From this reading He would call _compliments_, _lies_; _reserve_, he would call _pride_; _stateliness_, _affectation_; and for the words _war_ and _battle_, he constantly substituted the word _massacre_.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading This task his retentive memory made easy to him; but his childish inattention to their proper signification still made his want of education conspicuous.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading In addition to his ignorant conversation upon many topics, young Henry had an incorrigible misconception and misapplication of many _words_.

massacreverbUS /ˈmæsəkər/

kill a large number of people indiscriminately

From this reading He would call _compliments_, _lies_; _reserve_, he would call _pride_; _stateliness_, _affectation_; and for the words _war_ and _battle_, he constantly substituted the word _massacre_.

memorynounUS /ˈmem.ər.i/

The faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information and knowledge.

From this reading This task his retentive memory made easy to him; but his childish inattention to their proper signification still made his want of education conspicuous.

misapplicationnounUS /mɪˌsæpləˈkeɪʃən/

wrong use or application

From this reading In addition to his ignorant conversation upon many topics, young Henry had an incorrigible misconception and misapplication of many _words_.

misconceptionnounUS /mɪskənˈsepʃən/

an incorrect conception

From this reading In addition to his ignorant conversation upon many topics, young Henry had an incorrigible misconception and misapplication of many _words_.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading "Sir," said William to his father one morning, as he entered the room, "do you hear how the cannons are firing, and the bells ringing?"

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading His father having had but few opportunities of discoursing with him, upon account of his attendance at the court of the savages, and not having books in the island, he had consequently many words to learn of this country's language when he arrived in England.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In addition to his ignorant conversation upon many topics, young Henry had an incorrigible misconception and misapplication of many _words_.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading "Sir," said William to his father one morning, as he entered the room, "do you hear how the cannons are firing, and the bells ringing?"

opportunitiesnounUS /ˌɑːpərˈtuːnətiz/

plural of “opportunity” — a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading His father having had but few opportunities of discoursing with him, upon account of his attendance at the court of the savages, and not having books in the island, he had consequently many words to learn of this country's language when he arrived in England.

pridenounUS /praɪd/

a feeling of self-respect and personal worth

From this reading He would call _compliments_, _lies_; _reserve_, he would call _pride_; _stateliness_, _affectation_; and for the words _war_ and _battle_, he constantly substituted the word _massacre_.

properadjectiveUS /ˈprɑːpər/

marked by suitability or rightness or appropriateness

From this reading This task his retentive memory made easy to him; but his childish inattention to their proper signification still made his want of education conspicuous.

reservenounUS /rɪˈzɜːrv/

formality and propriety of manner

From this reading He would call _compliments_, _lies_; _reserve_, he would call _pride_; _stateliness_, _affectation_; and for the words _war_ and _battle_, he constantly substituted the word _massacre_.

retentiveadjective

good at remembering

From this reading This task his retentive memory made easy to him; but his childish inattention to their proper signification still made his want of education conspicuous.

ringingnounUS /ˈrɪŋɪŋ/

the sound of a bell ringing

From this reading "Sir," said William to his father one morning, as he entered the room, "do you hear how the cannons are firing, and the bells ringing?"

roomnounUS /ruːm/

an area within a building enclosed by walls and floor and ceiling

From this reading "Sir," said William to his father one morning, as he entered the room, "do you hear how the cannons are firing, and the bells ringing?"

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading "Sir," said William to his father one morning, as he entered the room, "do you hear how the cannons are firing, and the bells ringing?"

savagesnounUS /ˈsævədʒəz/

plural of “savage” — a member of an uncivilized people

From this reading His father having had but few opportunities of discoursing with him, upon account of his attendance at the court of the savages, and not having books in the island, he had consequently many words to learn of this country's language when he arrived in England.

significationnoun

the message that is intended or expressed or signified

From this reading This task his retentive memory made easy to him; but his childish inattention to their proper signification still made his want of education conspicuous.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading "Sir," said William to his father one morning, as he entered the room, "do you hear how the cannons are firing, and the bells ringing?"

statelinessnoun

an elaborate manner of doing something

From this reading He would call _compliments_, _lies_; _reserve_, he would call _pride_; _stateliness_, _affectation_; and for the words _war_ and _battle_, he constantly substituted the word _massacre_.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading This task his retentive memory made easy to him; but his childish inattention to their proper signification still made his want of education conspicuous.

substitutedverbUS /ˈsʌbstətuːtɪd/

past form of “substitute” — put in the place of another; switch seemingly equivalent items

From this reading He would call _compliments_, _lies_; _reserve_, he would call _pride_; _stateliness_, _affectation_; and for the words _war_ and _battle_, he constantly substituted the word _massacre_.

tasknounUS /tæsk/

any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading This task his retentive memory made easy to him; but his childish inattention to their proper signification still made his want of education conspicuous.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading His father having had but few opportunities of discoursing with him, upon account of his attendance at the court of the savages, and not having books in the island, he had consequently many words to learn of this country's language when he arrived in England.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading This task his retentive memory made easy to him; but his childish inattention to their proper signification still made his want of education conspicuous.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading His father having had but few opportunities of discoursing with him, upon account of his attendance at the court of the savages, and not having books in the island, he had consequently many words to learn of this country's language when he arrived in England.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In addition to his ignorant conversation upon many topics, young Henry had an incorrigible misconception and misapplication of many _words_.

topicsnounUS /ˈtɑːpɪks/

plural of “topic” — the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading In addition to his ignorant conversation upon many topics, young Henry had an incorrigible misconception and misapplication of many _words_.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading In addition to his ignorant conversation upon many topics, young Henry had an incorrigible misconception and misapplication of many _words_.

wantverbUS /wɑːnt/

feel or have a desire for; want strongly

From this reading This task his retentive memory made easy to him; but his childish inattention to their proper signification still made his want of education conspicuous.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading He would call _compliments_, _lies_; _reserve_, he would call _pride_; _stateliness_, _affectation_; and for the words _war_ and _battle_, he constantly substituted the word _massacre_.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading His father having had but few opportunities of discoursing with him, upon account of his attendance at the court of the savages, and not having books in the island, he had consequently many words to learn of this country's language when he arrived in England.

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Sir," said William to his father one morning, as he entered the room, "do you hear how the cannons are firing, and the bells ringing?"

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading His father having had but few opportunities of discoursing with him, upon account of his attendance at the court of the savages, and not having books in the island, he had consequently many words to learn of this country's language when he arrived in England.

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading He would call _compliments_, _lies_; _reserve_, he would call _pride_; _stateliness_, _affectation_; and for the words _war_ and _battle_, he constantly substituted the word _massacre_.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading In addition to his ignorant conversation upon many topics, young Henry had an incorrigible misconception and misapplication of many _words_.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading He would call _compliments_, _lies_; _reserve_, he would call _pride_; _stateliness_, _affectation_; and for the words _war_ and _battle_, he constantly substituted the word _massacre_.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "Sir," said William to his father one morning, as he entered the room, "do you hear how the cannons are firing, and the bells ringing?"

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading In addition to his ignorant conversation upon many topics, young Henry had an incorrigible misconception and misapplication of many _words_.

Chapter 12 of Nature and Art by Mrs. Inchbald holds 28 sentences, grouped into 6 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of Nature and Art contain?

Chapter 12 holds 28 sentences of Nature and Art, unabridged, divided into 6 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of Nature and Art by Mrs. Inchbald exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 28 sentences, grouped into 6 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of Nature and Art?

Work through the 6 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 6 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Nature and Art

Common questions about reading Nature and Art by Mrs. Inchbald on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Nature and Art?

Yes. All 1542 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3787 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Nature and Art is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3787, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Nature and Art take to read?

About 128 minutes of reading across 309 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Nature and Art section by section

How to work through Nature and Art section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Nature and Art to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Nature and Art

Words and structures a reader meets early in Nature and Art, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Nobility
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature and Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Britain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature and Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Laureate
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature and Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Admirers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature and Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.