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Nature and Art
Nature and Art

Chapter XIII · Chapter 13

Chapter 13 of Nature and Art is here in full — 58 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/11 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
If the dean had loved his wife but moderately, seeing all her faults clearly as he did, he must frequently have quarrelled with her: if he had loved her with tenderness, he must have treated her with a degree of violence in the hope of amending her failings.
But having neither personal nor mental affection towards her sufficiently interesting to give himself the trouble to contradict her will in anything, he passed for one of the best husbands in the world.
Lady Clementina went out when she liked, stayed at home when she liked, dressed as she liked, and talked as she liked without a word of disapprobation from her husband, and all--because he cared nothing about her.
Her vanity attributed this indulgence to inordinate affection; and observers in general thought her happier in her marriage than the beloved wife who bathes her pillow with tears by the side of an angry husband, whose affection is so excessive that he unkindly upbraids her because she is--less than perfection.
The dean's wife was not so dispassionately considered by some of his acquaintance as by himself; for they would now and then hint at her foibles: but this great liberty she also conceived to be the effect of most violent love, or most violent admiration: and such would have been her construction had they commended her follies--had they totally slighted, or had they beaten her.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Nature and Art

Chapter XIII · Chapter 13

Chapter 13 of Nature and Art is here in full — 58 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/11 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
If the dean had loved his wife but moderately, seeing all her faults clearly as he did, he must frequently have quarrelled with her: if he had loved her with tenderness, he must have treated her with a degree of violence in the hope of amending her failings.
Line 2
But having neither personal nor mental affection towards her sufficiently interesting to give himself the trouble to contradict her will in anything, he passed for one of the best husbands in the world.
/bʌt ˈhævɪŋ ˈniːðər ˈpɜːrsɪnəl nɔːr ˈmentəl əˈfekʃən təˈwɔːrdz hɜːr səˈfɪʃəntli ˈɪntrəstɪŋ tuː ɡɪv hɪmˈself ðə ˈtrʌbəl tuː ˌkɑːntrəˈdɪkt hɜːr wɪl ɪn ˈeniθɪŋ hiː pæst fɔːr wʌn ʌv ðə best ˈhʌzbəndz ɪn ðə wɜːrld/
Line 3
Lady Clementina went out when she liked, stayed at home when she liked, dressed as she liked, and talked as she liked without a word of disapprobation from her husband, and all--because he cared nothing about her.
Line 4
Her vanity attributed this indulgence to inordinate affection; and observers in general thought her happier in her marriage than the beloved wife who bathes her pillow with tears by the side of an angry husband, whose affection is so excessive that he unkindly upbraids her because she is--less than perfection.
Line 5
The dean's wife was not so dispassionately considered by some of his acquaintance as by himself; for they would now and then hint at her foibles: but this great liberty she also conceived to be the effect of most violent love, or most violent admiration: and such would have been her construction had they commended her follies--had they totally slighted, or had they beaten her.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

amending verb US /əˈmendɪŋ/

-ing form of “amend” — make amendments to

From this reading “If the dean had loved his wife but moderately, seeing all her faults clearly as he did, he must frequently have quarrelled with her: if he had loved her with tenderness, he must have treated her with a degree of violence in the hope of amending her failings.”

bathes noun US /beɪðz/

plural of “bathe” — the act of swimming for pleasure or recreation

From this reading “Her vanity attributed this indulgence to inordinate affection; and observers in general thought her happier in her marriage than the beloved wife who bathes her pillow with tears by the side of an angry husband, whose affection is so excessive that he unkindly upbraids her because she is--less than perfection.”

dean's noun US /diːnz/

possessive form of “dean” — an administrator in charge of a division of a university or college

From this reading “The dean's wife was not so dispassionately considered by some of his acquaintance as by himself; for they would now and then hint at her foibles: but this great liberty she also conceived to be the effect of most violent love, or most violent admiration: and such would have been her construction had they commended her follies--had they totally slighted, or had they beaten her.”

dispassionately adverb US /dɪˈspæʃənətli/

in an impartially dispassionate manner

From this reading “The dean's wife was not so dispassionately considered by some of his acquaintance as by himself; for they would now and then hint at her foibles: but this great liberty she also conceived to be the effect of most violent love, or most violent admiration: and such would have been her construction had they commended her follies--had they totally slighted, or had they beaten her.”

failings noun US /ˈfeɪlɪŋz/

plural of “failing” — a flaw or weak point

From this reading “If the dean had loved his wife but moderately, seeing all her faults clearly as he did, he must frequently have quarrelled with her: if he had loved her with tenderness, he must have treated her with a degree of violence in the hope of amending her failings.”

foibles noun US /ˈfɔɪbəlz/

plural of “foible” — a behavioral attribute that is distinctive and peculiar to an individual

From this reading “The dean's wife was not so dispassionately considered by some of his acquaintance as by himself; for they would now and then hint at her foibles: but this great liberty she also conceived to be the effect of most violent love, or most violent admiration: and such would have been her construction had they commended her follies--had they totally slighted, or had they beaten her.”

inordinate adjective US /ˌɪˈnɔːrdənɪt/

beyond normal limits

From this reading “Her vanity attributed this indulgence to inordinate affection; and observers in general thought her happier in her marriage than the beloved wife who bathes her pillow with tears by the side of an angry husband, whose affection is so excessive that he unkindly upbraids her because she is--less than perfection.”

slighted verb US /ˈslaɪtɪd/

past form of “slight” — pay no attention to, disrespect

From this reading “The dean's wife was not so dispassionately considered by some of his acquaintance as by himself; for they would now and then hint at her foibles: but this great liberty she also conceived to be the effect of most violent love, or most violent admiration: and such would have been her construction had they commended her follies--had they totally slighted, or had they beaten her.”

All words in this reading · 137

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading If the dean had loved his wife but moderately, seeing all her faults clearly as he did, he must frequently have quarrelled with her: if he had loved her with tenderness, he must have treated her with a degree of violence in the hope of amending her failings.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Lady Clementina went out when she liked, stayed at home when she liked, dressed as she liked, and talked as she liked without a word of disapprobation from her husband, and all--because he cared nothing about her.

acquaintancenounUS /əˈkweɪntəns/

personal knowledge or information about someone or something

From this reading The dean's wife was not so dispassionately considered by some of his acquaintance as by himself; for they would now and then hint at her foibles: but this great liberty she also conceived to be the effect of most violent love, or most violent admiration: and such would have been her construction had they commended her follies--had they totally slighted, or had they beaten her.

admirationnounUS /ˌædmərˈeɪʃən/

a feeling of delighted approval and liking

From this reading The dean's wife was not so dispassionately considered by some of his acquaintance as by himself; for they would now and then hint at her foibles: but this great liberty she also conceived to be the effect of most violent love, or most violent admiration: and such would have been her construction had they commended her follies--had they totally slighted, or had they beaten her.

affectionnounUS /əˈfekʃən/

a positive feeling of liking

From this reading But having neither personal nor mental affection towards her sufficiently interesting to give himself the trouble to contradict her will in anything, he passed for one of the best husbands in the world.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading If the dean had loved his wife but moderately, seeing all her faults clearly as he did, he must frequently have quarrelled with her: if he had loved her with tenderness, he must have treated her with a degree of violence in the hope of amending her failings.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading The dean's wife was not so dispassionately considered by some of his acquaintance as by himself; for they would now and then hint at her foibles: but this great liberty she also conceived to be the effect of most violent love, or most violent admiration: and such would have been her construction had they commended her follies--had they totally slighted, or had they beaten her.

amendingverbUS /əˈmendɪŋ/

-ing form of “amend” — make amendments to

From this reading If the dean had loved his wife but moderately, seeing all her faults clearly as he did, he must frequently have quarrelled with her: if he had loved her with tenderness, he must have treated her with a degree of violence in the hope of amending her failings.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Her vanity attributed this indulgence to inordinate affection; and observers in general thought her happier in her marriage than the beloved wife who bathes her pillow with tears by the side of an angry husband, whose affection is so excessive that he unkindly upbraids her because she is--less than perfection.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Lady Clementina went out when she liked, stayed at home when she liked, dressed as she liked, and talked as she liked without a word of disapprobation from her husband, and all--because he cared nothing about her.

angryadjectiveUS /ˈæŋɡri/

feeling or showing anger

From this reading Her vanity attributed this indulgence to inordinate affection; and observers in general thought her happier in her marriage than the beloved wife who bathes her pillow with tears by the side of an angry husband, whose affection is so excessive that he unkindly upbraids her because she is--less than perfection.

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading But having neither personal nor mental affection towards her sufficiently interesting to give himself the trouble to contradict her will in anything, he passed for one of the best husbands in the world.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading If the dean had loved his wife but moderately, seeing all her faults clearly as he did, he must frequently have quarrelled with her: if he had loved her with tenderness, he must have treated her with a degree of violence in the hope of amending her failings.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Lady Clementina went out when she liked, stayed at home when she liked, dressed as she liked, and talked as she liked without a word of disapprobation from her husband, and all--because he cared nothing about her.

attributedverbUS /əˈtrɪbjətɪd/

past form of “attribute” — attribute or credit to

From this reading Her vanity attributed this indulgence to inordinate affection; and observers in general thought her happier in her marriage than the beloved wife who bathes her pillow with tears by the side of an angry husband, whose affection is so excessive that he unkindly upbraids her because she is--less than perfection.

bathesnounUS /beɪðz/

plural of “bathe” — the act of swimming for pleasure or recreation

From this reading Her vanity attributed this indulgence to inordinate affection; and observers in general thought her happier in her marriage than the beloved wife who bathes her pillow with tears by the side of an angry husband, whose affection is so excessive that he unkindly upbraids her because she is--less than perfection.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The dean's wife was not so dispassionately considered by some of his acquaintance as by himself; for they would now and then hint at her foibles: but this great liberty she also conceived to be the effect of most violent love, or most violent admiration: and such would have been her construction had they commended her follies--had they totally slighted, or had they beaten her.

beatenadjectiveUS /ˈbiːtən/

formed or made thin by hammering

From this reading The dean's wife was not so dispassionately considered by some of his acquaintance as by himself; for they would now and then hint at her foibles: but this great liberty she also conceived to be the effect of most violent love, or most violent admiration: and such would have been her construction had they commended her follies--had they totally slighted, or had they beaten her.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading Lady Clementina went out when she liked, stayed at home when she liked, dressed as she liked, and talked as she liked without a word of disapprobation from her husband, and all--because he cared nothing about her.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The dean's wife was not so dispassionately considered by some of his acquaintance as by himself; for they would now and then hint at her foibles: but this great liberty she also conceived to be the effect of most violent love, or most violent admiration: and such would have been her construction had they commended her follies--had they totally slighted, or had they beaten her.

belovedadjectiveUS /bɪˈlʌvd/

dearly loved

From this reading Her vanity attributed this indulgence to inordinate affection; and observers in general thought her happier in her marriage than the beloved wife who bathes her pillow with tears by the side of an angry husband, whose affection is so excessive that he unkindly upbraids her because she is--less than perfection.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading But having neither personal nor mental affection towards her sufficiently interesting to give himself the trouble to contradict her will in anything, he passed for one of the best husbands in the world.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading If the dean had loved his wife but moderately, seeing all her faults clearly as he did, he must frequently have quarrelled with her: if he had loved her with tenderness, he must have treated her with a degree of violence in the hope of amending her failings.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Her vanity attributed this indulgence to inordinate affection; and observers in general thought her happier in her marriage than the beloved wife who bathes her pillow with tears by the side of an angry husband, whose affection is so excessive that he unkindly upbraids her because she is--less than perfection.

caredverbUS /kerd/

past form of “care” — feel concern or interest

From this reading Lady Clementina went out when she liked, stayed at home when she liked, dressed as she liked, and talked as she liked without a word of disapprobation from her husband, and all--because he cared nothing about her.

clearlyadverbUS /ˈklɪrli/

without doubt or question

From this reading If the dean had loved his wife but moderately, seeing all her faults clearly as he did, he must frequently have quarrelled with her: if he had loved her with tenderness, he must have treated her with a degree of violence in the hope of amending her failings.

Clementina

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lady Clementina went out when she liked, stayed at home when she liked, dressed as she liked, and talked as she liked without a word of disapprobation from her husband, and all--because he cared nothing about her.

commendedverbUS /kəˈmendɪd/

past form of “commend” — express approval of

From this reading The dean's wife was not so dispassionately considered by some of his acquaintance as by himself; for they would now and then hint at her foibles: but this great liberty she also conceived to be the effect of most violent love, or most violent admiration: and such would have been her construction had they commended her follies--had they totally slighted, or had they beaten her.

conceivedverbUS /kənˈsiːvd/

past form of “conceive” — have the idea for

From this reading The dean's wife was not so dispassionately considered by some of his acquaintance as by himself; for they would now and then hint at her foibles: but this great liberty she also conceived to be the effect of most violent love, or most violent admiration: and such would have been her construction had they commended her follies--had they totally slighted, or had they beaten her.

consideredadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərd/

carefully weighed

From this reading The dean's wife was not so dispassionately considered by some of his acquaintance as by himself; for they would now and then hint at her foibles: but this great liberty she also conceived to be the effect of most violent love, or most violent admiration: and such would have been her construction had they commended her follies--had they totally slighted, or had they beaten her.

constructionnounUS /kənˈstrʌkʃən/

the act of constructing something

From this reading The dean's wife was not so dispassionately considered by some of his acquaintance as by himself; for they would now and then hint at her foibles: but this great liberty she also conceived to be the effect of most violent love, or most violent admiration: and such would have been her construction had they commended her follies--had they totally slighted, or had they beaten her.

contradictverbUS /ˌkɑːntrəˈdɪkt/

be in contradiction with

From this reading But having neither personal nor mental affection towards her sufficiently interesting to give himself the trouble to contradict her will in anything, he passed for one of the best husbands in the world.

deannounUS /diːn/

an administrator in charge of a division of a university or college

From this reading If the dean had loved his wife but moderately, seeing all her faults clearly as he did, he must frequently have quarrelled with her: if he had loved her with tenderness, he must have treated her with a degree of violence in the hope of amending her failings.

dean'snounUS /diːnz/

possessive form of “dean” — an administrator in charge of a division of a university or college

From this reading The dean's wife was not so dispassionately considered by some of his acquaintance as by himself; for they would now and then hint at her foibles: but this great liberty she also conceived to be the effect of most violent love, or most violent admiration: and such would have been her construction had they commended her follies--had they totally slighted, or had they beaten her.

degreenounUS /dɪˈɡriː/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading If the dean had loved his wife but moderately, seeing all her faults clearly as he did, he must frequently have quarrelled with her: if he had loved her with tenderness, he must have treated her with a degree of violence in the hope of amending her failings.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading If the dean had loved his wife but moderately, seeing all her faults clearly as he did, he must frequently have quarrelled with her: if he had loved her with tenderness, he must have treated her with a degree of violence in the hope of amending her failings.

disapprobationnoun

an expression of strong disapproval; pronouncing as wrong or morally culpable

From this reading Lady Clementina went out when she liked, stayed at home when she liked, dressed as she liked, and talked as she liked without a word of disapprobation from her husband, and all--because he cared nothing about her.

dispassionatelyadverbUS /dɪˈspæʃənətli/

in an impartially dispassionate manner

From this reading The dean's wife was not so dispassionately considered by some of his acquaintance as by himself; for they would now and then hint at her foibles: but this great liberty she also conceived to be the effect of most violent love, or most violent admiration: and such would have been her construction had they commended her follies--had they totally slighted, or had they beaten her.

dressedadjectiveUS /drest/

dressed or clothed especially in fine attire; often used in combination

From this reading Lady Clementina went out when she liked, stayed at home when she liked, dressed as she liked, and talked as she liked without a word of disapprobation from her husband, and all--because he cared nothing about her.

effectnounUS /ɪˈfekt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading The dean's wife was not so dispassionately considered by some of his acquaintance as by himself; for they would now and then hint at her foibles: but this great liberty she also conceived to be the effect of most violent love, or most violent admiration: and such would have been her construction had they commended her follies--had they totally slighted, or had they beaten her.

excessiveadjectiveUS /ɪkˈsesɪv/

beyond normal limits

From this reading Her vanity attributed this indulgence to inordinate affection; and observers in general thought her happier in her marriage than the beloved wife who bathes her pillow with tears by the side of an angry husband, whose affection is so excessive that he unkindly upbraids her because she is--less than perfection.

failingsnounUS /ˈfeɪlɪŋz/

plural of “failing” — a flaw or weak point

From this reading If the dean had loved his wife but moderately, seeing all her faults clearly as he did, he must frequently have quarrelled with her: if he had loved her with tenderness, he must have treated her with a degree of violence in the hope of amending her failings.

faultsnounUS /fɔːlts/

plural of “fault” — a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention

From this reading If the dean had loved his wife but moderately, seeing all her faults clearly as he did, he must frequently have quarrelled with her: if he had loved her with tenderness, he must have treated her with a degree of violence in the hope of amending her failings.

foiblesnounUS /ˈfɔɪbəlz/

plural of “foible” — a behavioral attribute that is distinctive and peculiar to an individual

From this reading The dean's wife was not so dispassionately considered by some of his acquaintance as by himself; for they would now and then hint at her foibles: but this great liberty she also conceived to be the effect of most violent love, or most violent admiration: and such would have been her construction had they commended her follies--had they totally slighted, or had they beaten her.

folliesnounUS /ˈfɑːliz/

a revue with elaborate costuming

From this reading The dean's wife was not so dispassionately considered by some of his acquaintance as by himself; for they would now and then hint at her foibles: but this great liberty she also conceived to be the effect of most violent love, or most violent admiration: and such would have been her construction had they commended her follies--had they totally slighted, or had they beaten her.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading But having neither personal nor mental affection towards her sufficiently interesting to give himself the trouble to contradict her will in anything, he passed for one of the best husbands in the world.

frequentlyadverbUS /ˈfriːkwəntli/

many times at short intervals

From this reading If the dean had loved his wife but moderately, seeing all her faults clearly as he did, he must frequently have quarrelled with her: if he had loved her with tenderness, he must have treated her with a degree of violence in the hope of amending her failings.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Lady Clementina went out when she liked, stayed at home when she liked, dressed as she liked, and talked as she liked without a word of disapprobation from her husband, and all--because he cared nothing about her.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading Her vanity attributed this indulgence to inordinate affection; and observers in general thought her happier in her marriage than the beloved wife who bathes her pillow with tears by the side of an angry husband, whose affection is so excessive that he unkindly upbraids her because she is--less than perfection.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading But having neither personal nor mental affection towards her sufficiently interesting to give himself the trouble to contradict her will in anything, he passed for one of the best husbands in the world.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The dean's wife was not so dispassionately considered by some of his acquaintance as by himself; for they would now and then hint at her foibles: but this great liberty she also conceived to be the effect of most violent love, or most violent admiration: and such would have been her construction had they commended her follies--had they totally slighted, or had they beaten her.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading If the dean had loved his wife but moderately, seeing all her faults clearly as he did, he must frequently have quarrelled with her: if he had loved her with tenderness, he must have treated her with a degree of violence in the hope of amending her failings.

happieradjectiveUS /ˈhæpiər/

comparative of “happy” — enjoying or showing or marked by joy or pleasure

From this reading Her vanity attributed this indulgence to inordinate affection; and observers in general thought her happier in her marriage than the beloved wife who bathes her pillow with tears by the side of an angry husband, whose affection is so excessive that he unkindly upbraids her because she is--less than perfection.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading If the dean had loved his wife but moderately, seeing all her faults clearly as he did, he must frequently have quarrelled with her: if he had loved her with tenderness, he must have treated her with a degree of violence in the hope of amending her failings.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading But having neither personal nor mental affection towards her sufficiently interesting to give himself the trouble to contradict her will in anything, he passed for one of the best husbands in the world.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading If the dean had loved his wife but moderately, seeing all her faults clearly as he did, he must frequently have quarrelled with her: if he had loved her with tenderness, he must have treated her with a degree of violence in the hope of amending her failings.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading If the dean had loved his wife but moderately, seeing all her faults clearly as he did, he must frequently have quarrelled with her: if he had loved her with tenderness, he must have treated her with a degree of violence in the hope of amending her failings.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading But having neither personal nor mental affection towards her sufficiently interesting to give himself the trouble to contradict her will in anything, he passed for one of the best husbands in the world.

hintnounUS /hɪnt/

an indirect suggestion

From this reading The dean's wife was not so dispassionately considered by some of his acquaintance as by himself; for they would now and then hint at her foibles: but this great liberty she also conceived to be the effect of most violent love, or most violent admiration: and such would have been her construction had they commended her follies--had they totally slighted, or had they beaten her.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading If the dean had loved his wife but moderately, seeing all her faults clearly as he did, he must frequently have quarrelled with her: if he had loved her with tenderness, he must have treated her with a degree of violence in the hope of amending her failings.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading Lady Clementina went out when she liked, stayed at home when she liked, dressed as she liked, and talked as she liked without a word of disapprobation from her husband, and all--because he cared nothing about her.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading If the dean had loved his wife but moderately, seeing all her faults clearly as he did, he must frequently have quarrelled with her: if he had loved her with tenderness, he must have treated her with a degree of violence in the hope of amending her failings.

husbandnounUS /ˈhʌzbənd/

a married man; a woman's partner in marriage

From this reading Lady Clementina went out when she liked, stayed at home when she liked, dressed as she liked, and talked as she liked without a word of disapprobation from her husband, and all--because he cared nothing about her.

husbandsnounUS /ˈhʌzbəndz/

plural of “husband” — a married man; a woman's partner in marriage

From this reading But having neither personal nor mental affection towards her sufficiently interesting to give himself the trouble to contradict her will in anything, he passed for one of the best husbands in the world.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If the dean had loved his wife but moderately, seeing all her faults clearly as he did, he must frequently have quarrelled with her: if he had loved her with tenderness, he must have treated her with a degree of violence in the hope of amending her failings.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading If the dean had loved his wife but moderately, seeing all her faults clearly as he did, he must frequently have quarrelled with her: if he had loved her with tenderness, he must have treated her with a degree of violence in the hope of amending her failings.

indulgencenounUS /ˌɪnˈdʌldʒəns/

an inability to resist the gratification of whims and desires

From this reading Her vanity attributed this indulgence to inordinate affection; and observers in general thought her happier in her marriage than the beloved wife who bathes her pillow with tears by the side of an angry husband, whose affection is so excessive that he unkindly upbraids her because she is--less than perfection.

inordinateadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈnɔːrdənɪt/

beyond normal limits

From this reading Her vanity attributed this indulgence to inordinate affection; and observers in general thought her happier in her marriage than the beloved wife who bathes her pillow with tears by the side of an angry husband, whose affection is so excessive that he unkindly upbraids her because she is--less than perfection.

interestingadjectiveUS /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/

arousing or holding the attention

From this reading But having neither personal nor mental affection towards her sufficiently interesting to give himself the trouble to contradict her will in anything, he passed for one of the best husbands in the world.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Her vanity attributed this indulgence to inordinate affection; and observers in general thought her happier in her marriage than the beloved wife who bathes her pillow with tears by the side of an angry husband, whose affection is so excessive that he unkindly upbraids her because she is--less than perfection.

LadynounUS /ˈleɪdi/

a polite name for any woman

From this reading Lady Clementina went out when she liked, stayed at home when she liked, dressed as she liked, and talked as she liked without a word of disapprobation from her husband, and all--because he cared nothing about her.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading Her vanity attributed this indulgence to inordinate affection; and observers in general thought her happier in her marriage than the beloved wife who bathes her pillow with tears by the side of an angry husband, whose affection is so excessive that he unkindly upbraids her because she is--less than perfection.

libertynounUS /ˈlɪb.ər.ti/

The state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions on one's way of life.

From this reading The dean's wife was not so dispassionately considered by some of his acquaintance as by himself; for they would now and then hint at her foibles: but this great liberty she also conceived to be the effect of most violent love, or most violent admiration: and such would have been her construction had they commended her follies--had they totally slighted, or had they beaten her.

likedadjectiveUS /laɪkt/

found pleasant or attractive; often used as a combining form

From this reading Lady Clementina went out when she liked, stayed at home when she liked, dressed as she liked, and talked as she liked without a word of disapprobation from her husband, and all--because he cared nothing about her.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading The dean's wife was not so dispassionately considered by some of his acquaintance as by himself; for they would now and then hint at her foibles: but this great liberty she also conceived to be the effect of most violent love, or most violent admiration: and such would have been her construction had they commended her follies--had they totally slighted, or had they beaten her.

lovedadjectiveUS /lʌvd/

held dear

From this reading If the dean had loved his wife but moderately, seeing all her faults clearly as he did, he must frequently have quarrelled with her: if he had loved her with tenderness, he must have treated her with a degree of violence in the hope of amending her failings.

marriagenounUS /ˈmerɪdʒ/

the state of being a married couple voluntarily joined for life (or until divorce)

From this reading Her vanity attributed this indulgence to inordinate affection; and observers in general thought her happier in her marriage than the beloved wife who bathes her pillow with tears by the side of an angry husband, whose affection is so excessive that he unkindly upbraids her because she is--less than perfection.

mentaladjectiveUS /ˈmentəl/

involving the mind or an intellectual process

From this reading But having neither personal nor mental affection towards her sufficiently interesting to give himself the trouble to contradict her will in anything, he passed for one of the best husbands in the world.

moderatelyadverbUS /ˈmɑːdərətli/

to certain extent or degree

From this reading If the dean had loved his wife but moderately, seeing all her faults clearly as he did, he must frequently have quarrelled with her: if he had loved her with tenderness, he must have treated her with a degree of violence in the hope of amending her failings.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The dean's wife was not so dispassionately considered by some of his acquaintance as by himself; for they would now and then hint at her foibles: but this great liberty she also conceived to be the effect of most violent love, or most violent admiration: and such would have been her construction had they commended her follies--had they totally slighted, or had they beaten her.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading If the dean had loved his wife but moderately, seeing all her faults clearly as he did, he must frequently have quarrelled with her: if he had loved her with tenderness, he must have treated her with a degree of violence in the hope of amending her failings.

neitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading But having neither personal nor mental affection towards her sufficiently interesting to give himself the trouble to contradict her will in anything, he passed for one of the best husbands in the world.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading But having neither personal nor mental affection towards her sufficiently interesting to give himself the trouble to contradict her will in anything, he passed for one of the best husbands in the world.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The dean's wife was not so dispassionately considered by some of his acquaintance as by himself; for they would now and then hint at her foibles: but this great liberty she also conceived to be the effect of most violent love, or most violent admiration: and such would have been her construction had they commended her follies--had they totally slighted, or had they beaten her.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading Lady Clementina went out when she liked, stayed at home when she liked, dressed as she liked, and talked as she liked without a word of disapprobation from her husband, and all--because he cared nothing about her.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The dean's wife was not so dispassionately considered by some of his acquaintance as by himself; for they would now and then hint at her foibles: but this great liberty she also conceived to be the effect of most violent love, or most violent admiration: and such would have been her construction had they commended her follies--had they totally slighted, or had they beaten her.

observersnounUS /əbˈzɜːrvərz/

plural of “observer” — a person who becomes aware (of things or events) through the senses

From this reading Her vanity attributed this indulgence to inordinate affection; and observers in general thought her happier in her marriage than the beloved wife who bathes her pillow with tears by the side of an angry husband, whose affection is so excessive that he unkindly upbraids her because she is--less than perfection.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading If the dean had loved his wife but moderately, seeing all her faults clearly as he did, he must frequently have quarrelled with her: if he had loved her with tenderness, he must have treated her with a degree of violence in the hope of amending her failings.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading But having neither personal nor mental affection towards her sufficiently interesting to give himself the trouble to contradict her will in anything, he passed for one of the best husbands in the world.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The dean's wife was not so dispassionately considered by some of his acquaintance as by himself; for they would now and then hint at her foibles: but this great liberty she also conceived to be the effect of most violent love, or most violent admiration: and such would have been her construction had they commended her follies--had they totally slighted, or had they beaten her.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Lady Clementina went out when she liked, stayed at home when she liked, dressed as she liked, and talked as she liked without a word of disapprobation from her husband, and all--because he cared nothing about her.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading But having neither personal nor mental affection towards her sufficiently interesting to give himself the trouble to contradict her will in anything, he passed for one of the best husbands in the world.

perfectionnounUS /pərˈfekʃən/

the state of being without a flaw or defect

From this reading Her vanity attributed this indulgence to inordinate affection; and observers in general thought her happier in her marriage than the beloved wife who bathes her pillow with tears by the side of an angry husband, whose affection is so excessive that he unkindly upbraids her because she is--less than perfection.

personaladjectiveUS /ˈpɜːrsɪnəl/

concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality

From this reading But having neither personal nor mental affection towards her sufficiently interesting to give himself the trouble to contradict her will in anything, he passed for one of the best husbands in the world.

pillownounUS /ˈpɪloʊ/

a cushion to support the head of a sleeping person

From this reading Her vanity attributed this indulgence to inordinate affection; and observers in general thought her happier in her marriage than the beloved wife who bathes her pillow with tears by the side of an angry husband, whose affection is so excessive that he unkindly upbraids her because she is--less than perfection.

quarrelled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If the dean had loved his wife but moderately, seeing all her faults clearly as he did, he must frequently have quarrelled with her: if he had loved her with tenderness, he must have treated her with a degree of violence in the hope of amending her failings.

seeingnounUS /ˈsiːɪŋ/

perception by means of the eyes

From this reading If the dean had loved his wife but moderately, seeing all her faults clearly as he did, he must frequently have quarrelled with her: if he had loved her with tenderness, he must have treated her with a degree of violence in the hope of amending her failings.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Lady Clementina went out when she liked, stayed at home when she liked, dressed as she liked, and talked as she liked without a word of disapprobation from her husband, and all--because he cared nothing about her.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading Her vanity attributed this indulgence to inordinate affection; and observers in general thought her happier in her marriage than the beloved wife who bathes her pillow with tears by the side of an angry husband, whose affection is so excessive that he unkindly upbraids her because she is--less than perfection.

slightedverbUS /ˈslaɪtɪd/

past form of “slight” — pay no attention to, disrespect

From this reading The dean's wife was not so dispassionately considered by some of his acquaintance as by himself; for they would now and then hint at her foibles: but this great liberty she also conceived to be the effect of most violent love, or most violent admiration: and such would have been her construction had they commended her follies--had they totally slighted, or had they beaten her.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Her vanity attributed this indulgence to inordinate affection; and observers in general thought her happier in her marriage than the beloved wife who bathes her pillow with tears by the side of an angry husband, whose affection is so excessive that he unkindly upbraids her because she is--less than perfection.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The dean's wife was not so dispassionately considered by some of his acquaintance as by himself; for they would now and then hint at her foibles: but this great liberty she also conceived to be the effect of most violent love, or most violent admiration: and such would have been her construction had they commended her follies--had they totally slighted, or had they beaten her.

stayedverbUS /steɪd/

past form of “stay” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading Lady Clementina went out when she liked, stayed at home when she liked, dressed as she liked, and talked as she liked without a word of disapprobation from her husband, and all--because he cared nothing about her.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading The dean's wife was not so dispassionately considered by some of his acquaintance as by himself; for they would now and then hint at her foibles: but this great liberty she also conceived to be the effect of most violent love, or most violent admiration: and such would have been her construction had they commended her follies--had they totally slighted, or had they beaten her.

sufficientlyadverbUS /səˈfɪʃəntli/

to a sufficient degree

From this reading But having neither personal nor mental affection towards her sufficiently interesting to give himself the trouble to contradict her will in anything, he passed for one of the best husbands in the world.

talkedverbUS /tɔːkt/

past form of “talk” — exchange thoughts; talk with

From this reading Lady Clementina went out when she liked, stayed at home when she liked, dressed as she liked, and talked as she liked without a word of disapprobation from her husband, and all--because he cared nothing about her.

tearsnounUS /terz/

the process of shedding tears (usually accompanied by sobs or other inarticulate sounds)

From this reading Her vanity attributed this indulgence to inordinate affection; and observers in general thought her happier in her marriage than the beloved wife who bathes her pillow with tears by the side of an angry husband, whose affection is so excessive that he unkindly upbraids her because she is--less than perfection.

tendernessnounUS /ˈtendərnəs/

a tendency to express warm and affectionate feeling

From this reading If the dean had loved his wife but moderately, seeing all her faults clearly as he did, he must frequently have quarrelled with her: if he had loved her with tenderness, he must have treated her with a degree of violence in the hope of amending her failings.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Her vanity attributed this indulgence to inordinate affection; and observers in general thought her happier in her marriage than the beloved wife who bathes her pillow with tears by the side of an angry husband, whose affection is so excessive that he unkindly upbraids her because she is--less than perfection.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Her vanity attributed this indulgence to inordinate affection; and observers in general thought her happier in her marriage than the beloved wife who bathes her pillow with tears by the side of an angry husband, whose affection is so excessive that he unkindly upbraids her because she is--less than perfection.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading If the dean had loved his wife but moderately, seeing all her faults clearly as he did, he must frequently have quarrelled with her: if he had loved her with tenderness, he must have treated her with a degree of violence in the hope of amending her failings.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading The dean's wife was not so dispassionately considered by some of his acquaintance as by himself; for they would now and then hint at her foibles: but this great liberty she also conceived to be the effect of most violent love, or most violent admiration: and such would have been her construction had they commended her follies--had they totally slighted, or had they beaten her.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The dean's wife was not so dispassionately considered by some of his acquaintance as by himself; for they would now and then hint at her foibles: but this great liberty she also conceived to be the effect of most violent love, or most violent admiration: and such would have been her construction had they commended her follies--had they totally slighted, or had they beaten her.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Her vanity attributed this indulgence to inordinate affection; and observers in general thought her happier in her marriage than the beloved wife who bathes her pillow with tears by the side of an angry husband, whose affection is so excessive that he unkindly upbraids her because she is--less than perfection.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Her vanity attributed this indulgence to inordinate affection; and observers in general thought her happier in her marriage than the beloved wife who bathes her pillow with tears by the side of an angry husband, whose affection is so excessive that he unkindly upbraids her because she is--less than perfection.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading But having neither personal nor mental affection towards her sufficiently interesting to give himself the trouble to contradict her will in anything, he passed for one of the best husbands in the world.

totallyadverbUS /ˈtoʊtəli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading The dean's wife was not so dispassionately considered by some of his acquaintance as by himself; for they would now and then hint at her foibles: but this great liberty she also conceived to be the effect of most violent love, or most violent admiration: and such would have been her construction had they commended her follies--had they totally slighted, or had they beaten her.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading But having neither personal nor mental affection towards her sufficiently interesting to give himself the trouble to contradict her will in anything, he passed for one of the best husbands in the world.

treatedadjectiveUS /ˈtriːtɪd/

subjected to a physical (or chemical) treatment or action or agent

From this reading If the dean had loved his wife but moderately, seeing all her faults clearly as he did, he must frequently have quarrelled with her: if he had loved her with tenderness, he must have treated her with a degree of violence in the hope of amending her failings.

troublenounUS /ˈtrʌbəl/

a source of difficulty

From this reading But having neither personal nor mental affection towards her sufficiently interesting to give himself the trouble to contradict her will in anything, he passed for one of the best husbands in the world.

unkindlyadjective

lacking in sympathy and kindness

From this reading Her vanity attributed this indulgence to inordinate affection; and observers in general thought her happier in her marriage than the beloved wife who bathes her pillow with tears by the side of an angry husband, whose affection is so excessive that he unkindly upbraids her because she is--less than perfection.

upbraids

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Her vanity attributed this indulgence to inordinate affection; and observers in general thought her happier in her marriage than the beloved wife who bathes her pillow with tears by the side of an angry husband, whose affection is so excessive that he unkindly upbraids her because she is--less than perfection.

vanitynounUS /ˈvænəti/

feelings of excessive pride

From this reading Her vanity attributed this indulgence to inordinate affection; and observers in general thought her happier in her marriage than the beloved wife who bathes her pillow with tears by the side of an angry husband, whose affection is so excessive that he unkindly upbraids her because she is--less than perfection.

violencenounUS /ˈvaɪələns/

an act of aggression (as one against a person who resists)

From this reading If the dean had loved his wife but moderately, seeing all her faults clearly as he did, he must frequently have quarrelled with her: if he had loved her with tenderness, he must have treated her with a degree of violence in the hope of amending her failings.

violentadjectiveUS /ˈvaɪələnt/

acting with or marked by or resulting from great force or energy or emotional intensity

From this reading The dean's wife was not so dispassionately considered by some of his acquaintance as by himself; for they would now and then hint at her foibles: but this great liberty she also conceived to be the effect of most violent love, or most violent admiration: and such would have been her construction had they commended her follies--had they totally slighted, or had they beaten her.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The dean's wife was not so dispassionately considered by some of his acquaintance as by himself; for they would now and then hint at her foibles: but this great liberty she also conceived to be the effect of most violent love, or most violent admiration: and such would have been her construction had they commended her follies--had they totally slighted, or had they beaten her.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Lady Clementina went out when she liked, stayed at home when she liked, dressed as she liked, and talked as she liked without a word of disapprobation from her husband, and all--because he cared nothing about her.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Lady Clementina went out when she liked, stayed at home when she liked, dressed as she liked, and talked as she liked without a word of disapprobation from her husband, and all--because he cared nothing about her.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Her vanity attributed this indulgence to inordinate affection; and observers in general thought her happier in her marriage than the beloved wife who bathes her pillow with tears by the side of an angry husband, whose affection is so excessive that he unkindly upbraids her because she is--less than perfection.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading Her vanity attributed this indulgence to inordinate affection; and observers in general thought her happier in her marriage than the beloved wife who bathes her pillow with tears by the side of an angry husband, whose affection is so excessive that he unkindly upbraids her because she is--less than perfection.

wifenounUS /waɪf/

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading If the dean had loved his wife but moderately, seeing all her faults clearly as he did, he must frequently have quarrelled with her: if he had loved her with tenderness, he must have treated her with a degree of violence in the hope of amending her failings.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading But having neither personal nor mental affection towards her sufficiently interesting to give himself the trouble to contradict her will in anything, he passed for one of the best husbands in the world.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading If the dean had loved his wife but moderately, seeing all her faults clearly as he did, he must frequently have quarrelled with her: if he had loved her with tenderness, he must have treated her with a degree of violence in the hope of amending her failings.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Lady Clementina went out when she liked, stayed at home when she liked, dressed as she liked, and talked as she liked without a word of disapprobation from her husband, and all--because he cared nothing about her.

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading Lady Clementina went out when she liked, stayed at home when she liked, dressed as she liked, and talked as she liked without a word of disapprobation from her husband, and all--because he cared nothing about her.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading But having neither personal nor mental affection towards her sufficiently interesting to give himself the trouble to contradict her will in anything, he passed for one of the best husbands in the world.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading The dean's wife was not so dispassionately considered by some of his acquaintance as by himself; for they would now and then hint at her foibles: but this great liberty she also conceived to be the effect of most violent love, or most violent admiration: and such would have been her construction had they commended her follies--had they totally slighted, or had they beaten her.

Chapter 13 of Nature and Art by Mrs. Inchbald holds 58 sentences, grouped into 12 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 13 of Nature and Art contain?

Chapter 13 holds 58 sentences of Nature and Art, unabridged, divided into 12 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 13 of Nature and Art by Mrs. Inchbald exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 58 sentences, grouped into 12 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 13 of Nature and Art?

Work through the 12 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 12 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 13 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Nature and Art

Common questions about reading Nature and Art by Mrs. Inchbald on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Nature and Art?

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Project Gutenberg eBook #3787, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Nature and Art take to read?

About 128 minutes of reading across 309 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Nature and Art

Words and structures a reader meets early in Nature and Art, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Nobility
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature and Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Britain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature and Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Laureate
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature and Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Admirers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature and Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.