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Nature and Art
Nature and Art

Chapter XIV · Chapter 14

Chapter 14 of Nature and Art is here in full — 23 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/4 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
About this period the dean had just published a pamphlet in his own name, and in which that of his friend the bishop was only mentioned with thanks for hints, observations, and condescending encouragement to the author.
This pamphlet glowed with the dean's love for his country; and such a country as he described, it was impossible _not_ to love.
"Salubrious air, fertile fields, wood, water, corn, grass, sheep, oxen, fish, fowl, fruit, and vegetables," were dispersed with the most prodigal hand; "valiant men, virtuous women; statesmen wise and just; tradesmen abounding in merchandise and money; husbandmen possessing peace, ease, plenty; and all ranks liberty."
This brilliant description, while the dean read the work to his family, so charmed poor Henry, that he repeatedly cried out, "I am glad I came to this country."
But it so happened that a few days after, Lady Clementina, in order to render the delicacy of her taste admired, could eat of no one dish upon the table, but found fault with them all.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Nature and Art

Chapter XIV · Chapter 14

Chapter 14 of Nature and Art is here in full — 23 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/4 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
About this period the dean had just published a pamphlet in his own name, and in which that of his friend the bishop was only mentioned with thanks for hints, observations, and condescending encouragement to the author.
/əˈbaʊt ðɪs ˈpɪriəd ðə diːn hæd dʒʌst ˈpʌblɪʃt ə ˈpæmflət ɪn hɪz oʊn neɪm ənd ɪn wɪtʃ ðæt ʌv hɪz frend ðə ˈbɪʃəp wɑːz ˈoʊnli ˈmenʃənd wɪð θæŋks fɔːr hɪnts ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃənz ənd ˌkɑːndɪˈsendɪŋ enˈkɜːrɪdʒmənt tuː ðə ˈɔːθər/
Line 2
This pamphlet glowed with the dean's love for his country; and such a country as he described, it was impossible _not_ to love.
/ðɪs ˈpæmflət ɡloʊd wɪð ðə diːnz lʌv fɔːr hɪz ˈkʌntri ənd sʌtʃ ə ˈkʌntri æz hiː dɪˈskraɪbd ɪt wɑːz ˌɪmˈpɑːsəbəl nɑːt tuː lʌv/
Line 3
"Salubrious air, fertile fields, wood, water, corn, grass, sheep, oxen, fish, fowl, fruit, and vegetables," were dispersed with the most prodigal hand; "valiant men, virtuous women; statesmen wise and just; tradesmen abounding in merchandise and money; husbandmen possessing peace, ease, plenty; and all ranks liberty."
Line 4
This brilliant description, while the dean read the work to his family, so charmed poor Henry, that he repeatedly cried out, "I am glad I came to this country."
/ðɪs ˈbrɪljənt dɪˈskrɪpʃən waɪl ðə diːn red ðə wɜːrk tuː hɪz ˈfæməli soʊ tʃɑːrmd puːr ˈhenri ðæt hiː rɪˈpiːtɪdli kraɪd aʊt aɪ æm ɡlæd aɪ keɪm tuː ðɪs ˈkʌntri/
Line 5
But it so happened that a few days after, Lady Clementina, in order to render the delicacy of her taste admired, could eat of no one dish upon the table, but found fault with them all.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abounding adjective US /əˈbaʊndɪŋ/

existing in abundance

From this reading “"Salubrious air, fertile fields, wood, water, corn, grass, sheep, oxen, fish, fowl, fruit, and vegetables," were dispersed with the most prodigal hand; "valiant men, virtuous women; statesmen wise and just; tradesmen abounding in merchandise and money; husbandmen possessing peace, ease, plenty; and all ranks liberty."”

condescending adjective US /ˌkɑːndɪˈsendɪŋ/

(used of behavior or attitude) characteristic of those who treat others with condescension

From this reading “About this period the dean had just published a pamphlet in his own name, and in which that of his friend the bishop was only mentioned with thanks for hints, observations, and condescending encouragement to the author.”

dean's noun US /diːnz/

possessive form of “dean” — an administrator in charge of a division of a university or college

From this reading “This pamphlet glowed with the dean's love for his country; and such a country as he described, it was impossible _not_ to love.”

merchandise noun US /ˈmɜːrtʃəndaɪz/

commodities offered for sale

From this reading “"Salubrious air, fertile fields, wood, water, corn, grass, sheep, oxen, fish, fowl, fruit, and vegetables," were dispersed with the most prodigal hand; "valiant men, virtuous women; statesmen wise and just; tradesmen abounding in merchandise and money; husbandmen possessing peace, ease, plenty; and all ranks liberty."”

pamphlet noun US /ˈpæmflət/

a small book usually having a paper cover

From this reading “About this period the dean had just published a pamphlet in his own name, and in which that of his friend the bishop was only mentioned with thanks for hints, observations, and condescending encouragement to the author.”

prodigal noun US /ˈprɑːdɪɡəl/

a recklessly extravagant consumer

From this reading “"Salubrious air, fertile fields, wood, water, corn, grass, sheep, oxen, fish, fowl, fruit, and vegetables," were dispersed with the most prodigal hand; "valiant men, virtuous women; statesmen wise and just; tradesmen abounding in merchandise and money; husbandmen possessing peace, ease, plenty; and all ranks liberty."”

statesmen noun US /ˈsteɪtsmɪn/

plural of “statesman” — a man who is a respected leader in national or international affairs

From this reading “"Salubrious air, fertile fields, wood, water, corn, grass, sheep, oxen, fish, fowl, fruit, and vegetables," were dispersed with the most prodigal hand; "valiant men, virtuous women; statesmen wise and just; tradesmen abounding in merchandise and money; husbandmen possessing peace, ease, plenty; and all ranks liberty."”

tradesmen noun US /ˈtreɪdzmən/

plural of “tradesman” — a merchant who owns or manages a shop

From this reading “"Salubrious air, fertile fields, wood, water, corn, grass, sheep, oxen, fish, fowl, fruit, and vegetables," were dispersed with the most prodigal hand; "valiant men, virtuous women; statesmen wise and just; tradesmen abounding in merchandise and money; husbandmen possessing peace, ease, plenty; and all ranks liberty."”

All words in this reading · 120

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading About this period the dean had just published a pamphlet in his own name, and in which that of his friend the bishop was only mentioned with thanks for hints, observations, and condescending encouragement to the author.

aboundingadjectiveUS /əˈbaʊndɪŋ/

existing in abundance

From this reading "Salubrious air, fertile fields, wood, water, corn, grass, sheep, oxen, fish, fowl, fruit, and vegetables," were dispersed with the most prodigal hand; "valiant men, virtuous women; statesmen wise and just; tradesmen abounding in merchandise and money; husbandmen possessing peace, ease, plenty; and all ranks liberty."

AboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading About this period the dean had just published a pamphlet in his own name, and in which that of his friend the bishop was only mentioned with thanks for hints, observations, and condescending encouragement to the author.

admiredadjectiveUS /ədˈmaɪərd/

regarded with admiration

From this reading But it so happened that a few days after, Lady Clementina, in order to render the delicacy of her taste admired, could eat of no one dish upon the table, but found fault with them all.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading But it so happened that a few days after, Lady Clementina, in order to render the delicacy of her taste admired, could eat of no one dish upon the table, but found fault with them all.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading "Salubrious air, fertile fields, wood, water, corn, grass, sheep, oxen, fish, fowl, fruit, and vegetables," were dispersed with the most prodigal hand; "valiant men, virtuous women; statesmen wise and just; tradesmen abounding in merchandise and money; husbandmen possessing peace, ease, plenty; and all ranks liberty."

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading "Salubrious air, fertile fields, wood, water, corn, grass, sheep, oxen, fish, fowl, fruit, and vegetables," were dispersed with the most prodigal hand; "valiant men, virtuous women; statesmen wise and just; tradesmen abounding in merchandise and money; husbandmen possessing peace, ease, plenty; and all ranks liberty."

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading This brilliant description, while the dean read the work to his family, so charmed poor Henry, that he repeatedly cried out, "I am glad I came to this country."

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading About this period the dean had just published a pamphlet in his own name, and in which that of his friend the bishop was only mentioned with thanks for hints, observations, and condescending encouragement to the author.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading This pamphlet glowed with the dean's love for his country; and such a country as he described, it was impossible _not_ to love.

authornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading About this period the dean had just published a pamphlet in his own name, and in which that of his friend the bishop was only mentioned with thanks for hints, observations, and condescending encouragement to the author.

bishopnounUS /ˈbɪʃəp/

a senior member of the Christian clergy having spiritual and administrative authority; appointed in Christian churches to oversee priests or ministers; considered in some churches to be successors of the twelve Apostles of Christ

From this reading About this period the dean had just published a pamphlet in his own name, and in which that of his friend the bishop was only mentioned with thanks for hints, observations, and condescending encouragement to the author.

brilliantadjectiveUS /ˈbrɪljənt/

of surpassing excellence

From this reading This brilliant description, while the dean read the work to his family, so charmed poor Henry, that he repeatedly cried out, "I am glad I came to this country."

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But it so happened that a few days after, Lady Clementina, in order to render the delicacy of her taste admired, could eat of no one dish upon the table, but found fault with them all.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading This brilliant description, while the dean read the work to his family, so charmed poor Henry, that he repeatedly cried out, "I am glad I came to this country."

charmedadjectiveUS /tʃɑːrmd/

strongly attracted

From this reading This brilliant description, while the dean read the work to his family, so charmed poor Henry, that he repeatedly cried out, "I am glad I came to this country."

Clementina

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But it so happened that a few days after, Lady Clementina, in order to render the delicacy of her taste admired, could eat of no one dish upon the table, but found fault with them all.

condescendingadjectiveUS /ˌkɑːndɪˈsendɪŋ/

(used of behavior or attitude) characteristic of those who treat others with condescension

From this reading About this period the dean had just published a pamphlet in his own name, and in which that of his friend the bishop was only mentioned with thanks for hints, observations, and condescending encouragement to the author.

cornnounUS /kɔːrn/

tall annual cereal grass bearing kernels on large ears: widely cultivated in America in many varieties; the principal cereal in Mexico and Central and South America since pre-Columbian times

From this reading "Salubrious air, fertile fields, wood, water, corn, grass, sheep, oxen, fish, fowl, fruit, and vegetables," were dispersed with the most prodigal hand; "valiant men, virtuous women; statesmen wise and just; tradesmen abounding in merchandise and money; husbandmen possessing peace, ease, plenty; and all ranks liberty."

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading But it so happened that a few days after, Lady Clementina, in order to render the delicacy of her taste admired, could eat of no one dish upon the table, but found fault with them all.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading This pamphlet glowed with the dean's love for his country; and such a country as he described, it was impossible _not_ to love.

criedverbUS /kraɪd/

inflected form of “cry” — utter a sudden loud cry

From this reading This brilliant description, while the dean read the work to his family, so charmed poor Henry, that he repeatedly cried out, "I am glad I came to this country."

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading But it so happened that a few days after, Lady Clementina, in order to render the delicacy of her taste admired, could eat of no one dish upon the table, but found fault with them all.

deannounUS /diːn/

an administrator in charge of a division of a university or college

From this reading About this period the dean had just published a pamphlet in his own name, and in which that of his friend the bishop was only mentioned with thanks for hints, observations, and condescending encouragement to the author.

dean'snounUS /diːnz/

possessive form of “dean” — an administrator in charge of a division of a university or college

From this reading This pamphlet glowed with the dean's love for his country; and such a country as he described, it was impossible _not_ to love.

delicacynounUS /ˈdeləkəsi/

the quality of being beautiful and delicate in appearance

From this reading But it so happened that a few days after, Lady Clementina, in order to render the delicacy of her taste admired, could eat of no one dish upon the table, but found fault with them all.

describedadjectiveUS /dɪˈskraɪbd/

represented in words especially with sharpness and detail

From this reading This pamphlet glowed with the dean's love for his country; and such a country as he described, it was impossible _not_ to love.

descriptionnounUS /dɪˈskrɪpʃən/

a statement that represents something in words

From this reading This brilliant description, while the dean read the work to his family, so charmed poor Henry, that he repeatedly cried out, "I am glad I came to this country."

dishnounUS /dɪʃ/

a piece of dishware normally used as a container for holding or serving food

From this reading But it so happened that a few days after, Lady Clementina, in order to render the delicacy of her taste admired, could eat of no one dish upon the table, but found fault with them all.

dispersedadjectiveUS /dɪˈspɜːrst/

distributed or spread over a considerable extent

From this reading "Salubrious air, fertile fields, wood, water, corn, grass, sheep, oxen, fish, fowl, fruit, and vegetables," were dispersed with the most prodigal hand; "valiant men, virtuous women; statesmen wise and just; tradesmen abounding in merchandise and money; husbandmen possessing peace, ease, plenty; and all ranks liberty."

easeverbUS /iːz/

move gently or carefully

From this reading "Salubrious air, fertile fields, wood, water, corn, grass, sheep, oxen, fish, fowl, fruit, and vegetables," were dispersed with the most prodigal hand; "valiant men, virtuous women; statesmen wise and just; tradesmen abounding in merchandise and money; husbandmen possessing peace, ease, plenty; and all ranks liberty."

eatverbUS /iːt/

take in solid food

From this reading But it so happened that a few days after, Lady Clementina, in order to render the delicacy of her taste admired, could eat of no one dish upon the table, but found fault with them all.

encouragementnounUS /enˈkɜːrɪdʒmənt/

the expression of approval and support

From this reading About this period the dean had just published a pamphlet in his own name, and in which that of his friend the bishop was only mentioned with thanks for hints, observations, and condescending encouragement to the author.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading This brilliant description, while the dean read the work to his family, so charmed poor Henry, that he repeatedly cried out, "I am glad I came to this country."

faultnounUS /fɔːlt/

a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention

From this reading But it so happened that a few days after, Lady Clementina, in order to render the delicacy of her taste admired, could eat of no one dish upon the table, but found fault with them all.

fertileadjectiveUS /ˈfɜːrtəl/

capable of reproducing

From this reading "Salubrious air, fertile fields, wood, water, corn, grass, sheep, oxen, fish, fowl, fruit, and vegetables," were dispersed with the most prodigal hand; "valiant men, virtuous women; statesmen wise and just; tradesmen abounding in merchandise and money; husbandmen possessing peace, ease, plenty; and all ranks liberty."

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading But it so happened that a few days after, Lady Clementina, in order to render the delicacy of her taste admired, could eat of no one dish upon the table, but found fault with them all.

fieldsnounUS /fiːldz/

United States comedian and film actor (1880-1946)

From this reading "Salubrious air, fertile fields, wood, water, corn, grass, sheep, oxen, fish, fowl, fruit, and vegetables," were dispersed with the most prodigal hand; "valiant men, virtuous women; statesmen wise and just; tradesmen abounding in merchandise and money; husbandmen possessing peace, ease, plenty; and all ranks liberty."

fishnounUS /fɪʃ/

any of various mostly cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates usually having scales and breathing through gills

From this reading "Salubrious air, fertile fields, wood, water, corn, grass, sheep, oxen, fish, fowl, fruit, and vegetables," were dispersed with the most prodigal hand; "valiant men, virtuous women; statesmen wise and just; tradesmen abounding in merchandise and money; husbandmen possessing peace, ease, plenty; and all ranks liberty."

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading About this period the dean had just published a pamphlet in his own name, and in which that of his friend the bishop was only mentioned with thanks for hints, observations, and condescending encouragement to the author.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading But it so happened that a few days after, Lady Clementina, in order to render the delicacy of her taste admired, could eat of no one dish upon the table, but found fault with them all.

fowlnounUS /faʊl/

a domesticated gallinaceous bird thought to be descended from the red jungle fowl

From this reading "Salubrious air, fertile fields, wood, water, corn, grass, sheep, oxen, fish, fowl, fruit, and vegetables," were dispersed with the most prodigal hand; "valiant men, virtuous women; statesmen wise and just; tradesmen abounding in merchandise and money; husbandmen possessing peace, ease, plenty; and all ranks liberty."

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading About this period the dean had just published a pamphlet in his own name, and in which that of his friend the bishop was only mentioned with thanks for hints, observations, and condescending encouragement to the author.

fruitnounUS /fruːt/

the ripened reproductive body of a seed plant

From this reading "Salubrious air, fertile fields, wood, water, corn, grass, sheep, oxen, fish, fowl, fruit, and vegetables," were dispersed with the most prodigal hand; "valiant men, virtuous women; statesmen wise and just; tradesmen abounding in merchandise and money; husbandmen possessing peace, ease, plenty; and all ranks liberty."

gladadjectiveUS /ɡlæd/

showing or causing joy and pleasure; especially made happy

From this reading This brilliant description, while the dean read the work to his family, so charmed poor Henry, that he repeatedly cried out, "I am glad I came to this country."

glowedverbUS /ɡloʊd/

past form of “glow” — emit a steady even light without flames

From this reading This pamphlet glowed with the dean's love for his country; and such a country as he described, it was impossible _not_ to love.

grassverbUS /ɡræs/

shoot down, of birds

From this reading "Salubrious air, fertile fields, wood, water, corn, grass, sheep, oxen, fish, fowl, fruit, and vegetables," were dispersed with the most prodigal hand; "valiant men, virtuous women; statesmen wise and just; tradesmen abounding in merchandise and money; husbandmen possessing peace, ease, plenty; and all ranks liberty."

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading About this period the dean had just published a pamphlet in his own name, and in which that of his friend the bishop was only mentioned with thanks for hints, observations, and condescending encouragement to the author.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading "Salubrious air, fertile fields, wood, water, corn, grass, sheep, oxen, fish, fowl, fruit, and vegetables," were dispersed with the most prodigal hand; "valiant men, virtuous women; statesmen wise and just; tradesmen abounding in merchandise and money; husbandmen possessing peace, ease, plenty; and all ranks liberty."

happenedverbUS /ˈhæpənd/

past form of “happen” — come to pass

From this reading But it so happened that a few days after, Lady Clementina, in order to render the delicacy of her taste admired, could eat of no one dish upon the table, but found fault with them all.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading This pamphlet glowed with the dean's love for his country; and such a country as he described, it was impossible _not_ to love.

HenrynounUS /ˈhenri/

a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second

From this reading This brilliant description, while the dean read the work to his family, so charmed poor Henry, that he repeatedly cried out, "I am glad I came to this country."

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading But it so happened that a few days after, Lady Clementina, in order to render the delicacy of her taste admired, could eat of no one dish upon the table, but found fault with them all.

hintsnounUS /hɪnts/

plural of “hint” — an indirect suggestion

From this reading About this period the dean had just published a pamphlet in his own name, and in which that of his friend the bishop was only mentioned with thanks for hints, observations, and condescending encouragement to the author.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading About this period the dean had just published a pamphlet in his own name, and in which that of his friend the bishop was only mentioned with thanks for hints, observations, and condescending encouragement to the author.

husbandmen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Salubrious air, fertile fields, wood, water, corn, grass, sheep, oxen, fish, fowl, fruit, and vegetables," were dispersed with the most prodigal hand; "valiant men, virtuous women; statesmen wise and just; tradesmen abounding in merchandise and money; husbandmen possessing peace, ease, plenty; and all ranks liberty."

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading This brilliant description, while the dean read the work to his family, so charmed poor Henry, that he repeatedly cried out, "I am glad I came to this country."

impossibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɑːsəbəl/

not capable of occurring or being accomplished or dealt with

From this reading This pamphlet glowed with the dean's love for his country; and such a country as he described, it was impossible _not_ to love.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading About this period the dean had just published a pamphlet in his own name, and in which that of his friend the bishop was only mentioned with thanks for hints, observations, and condescending encouragement to the author.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading This pamphlet glowed with the dean's love for his country; and such a country as he described, it was impossible _not_ to love.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading About this period the dean had just published a pamphlet in his own name, and in which that of his friend the bishop was only mentioned with thanks for hints, observations, and condescending encouragement to the author.

LadynounUS /ˈleɪdi/

a polite name for any woman

From this reading But it so happened that a few days after, Lady Clementina, in order to render the delicacy of her taste admired, could eat of no one dish upon the table, but found fault with them all.

libertynounUS /ˈlɪb.ər.ti/

The state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions on one's way of life.

From this reading "Salubrious air, fertile fields, wood, water, corn, grass, sheep, oxen, fish, fowl, fruit, and vegetables," were dispersed with the most prodigal hand; "valiant men, virtuous women; statesmen wise and just; tradesmen abounding in merchandise and money; husbandmen possessing peace, ease, plenty; and all ranks liberty."

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading This pamphlet glowed with the dean's love for his country; and such a country as he described, it was impossible _not_ to love.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading "Salubrious air, fertile fields, wood, water, corn, grass, sheep, oxen, fish, fowl, fruit, and vegetables," were dispersed with the most prodigal hand; "valiant men, virtuous women; statesmen wise and just; tradesmen abounding in merchandise and money; husbandmen possessing peace, ease, plenty; and all ranks liberty."

mentionedverbUS /ˈmenʃənd/

past form of “mention” — make reference to

From this reading About this period the dean had just published a pamphlet in his own name, and in which that of his friend the bishop was only mentioned with thanks for hints, observations, and condescending encouragement to the author.

merchandisenounUS /ˈmɜːrtʃəndaɪz/

commodities offered for sale

From this reading "Salubrious air, fertile fields, wood, water, corn, grass, sheep, oxen, fish, fowl, fruit, and vegetables," were dispersed with the most prodigal hand; "valiant men, virtuous women; statesmen wise and just; tradesmen abounding in merchandise and money; husbandmen possessing peace, ease, plenty; and all ranks liberty."

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading "Salubrious air, fertile fields, wood, water, corn, grass, sheep, oxen, fish, fowl, fruit, and vegetables," were dispersed with the most prodigal hand; "valiant men, virtuous women; statesmen wise and just; tradesmen abounding in merchandise and money; husbandmen possessing peace, ease, plenty; and all ranks liberty."

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading "Salubrious air, fertile fields, wood, water, corn, grass, sheep, oxen, fish, fowl, fruit, and vegetables," were dispersed with the most prodigal hand; "valiant men, virtuous women; statesmen wise and just; tradesmen abounding in merchandise and money; husbandmen possessing peace, ease, plenty; and all ranks liberty."

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading About this period the dean had just published a pamphlet in his own name, and in which that of his friend the bishop was only mentioned with thanks for hints, observations, and condescending encouragement to the author.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading But it so happened that a few days after, Lady Clementina, in order to render the delicacy of her taste admired, could eat of no one dish upon the table, but found fault with them all.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading This pamphlet glowed with the dean's love for his country; and such a country as he described, it was impossible _not_ to love.

observationsnounUS /ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃənz/

plural of “observation” — the act of making and recording a measurement

From this reading About this period the dean had just published a pamphlet in his own name, and in which that of his friend the bishop was only mentioned with thanks for hints, observations, and condescending encouragement to the author.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading About this period the dean had just published a pamphlet in his own name, and in which that of his friend the bishop was only mentioned with thanks for hints, observations, and condescending encouragement to the author.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading But it so happened that a few days after, Lady Clementina, in order to render the delicacy of her taste admired, could eat of no one dish upon the table, but found fault with them all.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading About this period the dean had just published a pamphlet in his own name, and in which that of his friend the bishop was only mentioned with thanks for hints, observations, and condescending encouragement to the author.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading But it so happened that a few days after, Lady Clementina, in order to render the delicacy of her taste admired, could eat of no one dish upon the table, but found fault with them all.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading This brilliant description, while the dean read the work to his family, so charmed poor Henry, that he repeatedly cried out, "I am glad I came to this country."

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading About this period the dean had just published a pamphlet in his own name, and in which that of his friend the bishop was only mentioned with thanks for hints, observations, and condescending encouragement to the author.

oxennounUS /ˈɑːksən/

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age

From this reading "Salubrious air, fertile fields, wood, water, corn, grass, sheep, oxen, fish, fowl, fruit, and vegetables," were dispersed with the most prodigal hand; "valiant men, virtuous women; statesmen wise and just; tradesmen abounding in merchandise and money; husbandmen possessing peace, ease, plenty; and all ranks liberty."

pamphletnounUS /ˈpæmflət/

a small book usually having a paper cover

From this reading About this period the dean had just published a pamphlet in his own name, and in which that of his friend the bishop was only mentioned with thanks for hints, observations, and condescending encouragement to the author.

peacenounUS /piːs/

the state prevailing during the absence of war

From this reading "Salubrious air, fertile fields, wood, water, corn, grass, sheep, oxen, fish, fowl, fruit, and vegetables," were dispersed with the most prodigal hand; "valiant men, virtuous women; statesmen wise and just; tradesmen abounding in merchandise and money; husbandmen possessing peace, ease, plenty; and all ranks liberty."

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading About this period the dean had just published a pamphlet in his own name, and in which that of his friend the bishop was only mentioned with thanks for hints, observations, and condescending encouragement to the author.

plentynounUS /ˈplenti/

a full supply

From this reading "Salubrious air, fertile fields, wood, water, corn, grass, sheep, oxen, fish, fowl, fruit, and vegetables," were dispersed with the most prodigal hand; "valiant men, virtuous women; statesmen wise and just; tradesmen abounding in merchandise and money; husbandmen possessing peace, ease, plenty; and all ranks liberty."

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading This brilliant description, while the dean read the work to his family, so charmed poor Henry, that he repeatedly cried out, "I am glad I came to this country."

possessingverbUS /pəˈzesɪŋ/

-ing form of “possess” — have as an attribute, knowledge, or skill

From this reading "Salubrious air, fertile fields, wood, water, corn, grass, sheep, oxen, fish, fowl, fruit, and vegetables," were dispersed with the most prodigal hand; "valiant men, virtuous women; statesmen wise and just; tradesmen abounding in merchandise and money; husbandmen possessing peace, ease, plenty; and all ranks liberty."

prodigalnounUS /ˈprɑːdɪɡəl/

a recklessly extravagant consumer

From this reading "Salubrious air, fertile fields, wood, water, corn, grass, sheep, oxen, fish, fowl, fruit, and vegetables," were dispersed with the most prodigal hand; "valiant men, virtuous women; statesmen wise and just; tradesmen abounding in merchandise and money; husbandmen possessing peace, ease, plenty; and all ranks liberty."

publishedadjectiveUS /ˈpʌblɪʃt/

prepared and printed for distribution and sale

From this reading About this period the dean had just published a pamphlet in his own name, and in which that of his friend the bishop was only mentioned with thanks for hints, observations, and condescending encouragement to the author.

ranksnounUS /ræŋks/

plural of “rank” — a row or line of people (especially soldiers or police) standing abreast of one another

From this reading "Salubrious air, fertile fields, wood, water, corn, grass, sheep, oxen, fish, fowl, fruit, and vegetables," were dispersed with the most prodigal hand; "valiant men, virtuous women; statesmen wise and just; tradesmen abounding in merchandise and money; husbandmen possessing peace, ease, plenty; and all ranks liberty."

readverbUS /red/

interpret something that is written or printed

From this reading This brilliant description, while the dean read the work to his family, so charmed poor Henry, that he repeatedly cried out, "I am glad I came to this country."

renderverbUS /ˈrendər/

cause to become

From this reading But it so happened that a few days after, Lady Clementina, in order to render the delicacy of her taste admired, could eat of no one dish upon the table, but found fault with them all.

repeatedlyadverbUS /rɪˈpiːtɪdli/

several time

From this reading This brilliant description, while the dean read the work to his family, so charmed poor Henry, that he repeatedly cried out, "I am glad I came to this country."

Salubriousadjective

promoting health; healthful

From this reading "Salubrious air, fertile fields, wood, water, corn, grass, sheep, oxen, fish, fowl, fruit, and vegetables," were dispersed with the most prodigal hand; "valiant men, virtuous women; statesmen wise and just; tradesmen abounding in merchandise and money; husbandmen possessing peace, ease, plenty; and all ranks liberty."

sheepnounUS /ʃiːp/

woolly usually horned ruminant mammal related to the goat

From this reading "Salubrious air, fertile fields, wood, water, corn, grass, sheep, oxen, fish, fowl, fruit, and vegetables," were dispersed with the most prodigal hand; "valiant men, virtuous women; statesmen wise and just; tradesmen abounding in merchandise and money; husbandmen possessing peace, ease, plenty; and all ranks liberty."

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading This brilliant description, while the dean read the work to his family, so charmed poor Henry, that he repeatedly cried out, "I am glad I came to this country."

statesmennounUS /ˈsteɪtsmɪn/

plural of “statesman” — a man who is a respected leader in national or international affairs

From this reading "Salubrious air, fertile fields, wood, water, corn, grass, sheep, oxen, fish, fowl, fruit, and vegetables," were dispersed with the most prodigal hand; "valiant men, virtuous women; statesmen wise and just; tradesmen abounding in merchandise and money; husbandmen possessing peace, ease, plenty; and all ranks liberty."

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading This pamphlet glowed with the dean's love for his country; and such a country as he described, it was impossible _not_ to love.

tablenounUS /ˈteɪbəl/

a set of data arranged in rows and columns

From this reading But it so happened that a few days after, Lady Clementina, in order to render the delicacy of her taste admired, could eat of no one dish upon the table, but found fault with them all.

tasteverbUS /teɪst/

To perceive flavor through the mouth.

From this reading But it so happened that a few days after, Lady Clementina, in order to render the delicacy of her taste admired, could eat of no one dish upon the table, but found fault with them all.

thanksnounUS /θæŋks/

an acknowledgment of appreciation

From this reading About this period the dean had just published a pamphlet in his own name, and in which that of his friend the bishop was only mentioned with thanks for hints, observations, and condescending encouragement to the author.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading About this period the dean had just published a pamphlet in his own name, and in which that of his friend the bishop was only mentioned with thanks for hints, observations, and condescending encouragement to the author.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading About this period the dean had just published a pamphlet in his own name, and in which that of his friend the bishop was only mentioned with thanks for hints, observations, and condescending encouragement to the author.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading But it so happened that a few days after, Lady Clementina, in order to render the delicacy of her taste admired, could eat of no one dish upon the table, but found fault with them all.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading About this period the dean had just published a pamphlet in his own name, and in which that of his friend the bishop was only mentioned with thanks for hints, observations, and condescending encouragement to the author.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading About this period the dean had just published a pamphlet in his own name, and in which that of his friend the bishop was only mentioned with thanks for hints, observations, and condescending encouragement to the author.

tradesmennounUS /ˈtreɪdzmən/

plural of “tradesman” — a merchant who owns or manages a shop

From this reading "Salubrious air, fertile fields, wood, water, corn, grass, sheep, oxen, fish, fowl, fruit, and vegetables," were dispersed with the most prodigal hand; "valiant men, virtuous women; statesmen wise and just; tradesmen abounding in merchandise and money; husbandmen possessing peace, ease, plenty; and all ranks liberty."

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading But it so happened that a few days after, Lady Clementina, in order to render the delicacy of her taste admired, could eat of no one dish upon the table, but found fault with them all.

valiantadjUS /ˈvæl.jənt/

Possessing or showing courage or determination; heroic. (Dũng cảm, quả cảm, anh hùng.)

From this reading "Salubrious air, fertile fields, wood, water, corn, grass, sheep, oxen, fish, fowl, fruit, and vegetables," were dispersed with the most prodigal hand; "valiant men, virtuous women; statesmen wise and just; tradesmen abounding in merchandise and money; husbandmen possessing peace, ease, plenty; and all ranks liberty."

vegetablesnounUS /ˈvedʒtəbəlz/

plural of “vegetable” — edible seeds or roots or stems or leaves or bulbs or tubers or nonsweet fruits of any of numerous herbaceous plant

From this reading "Salubrious air, fertile fields, wood, water, corn, grass, sheep, oxen, fish, fowl, fruit, and vegetables," were dispersed with the most prodigal hand; "valiant men, virtuous women; statesmen wise and just; tradesmen abounding in merchandise and money; husbandmen possessing peace, ease, plenty; and all ranks liberty."

virtuousadjectiveUS /ˈvɜːrtʃuːəs/

morally excellent

From this reading "Salubrious air, fertile fields, wood, water, corn, grass, sheep, oxen, fish, fowl, fruit, and vegetables," were dispersed with the most prodigal hand; "valiant men, virtuous women; statesmen wise and just; tradesmen abounding in merchandise and money; husbandmen possessing peace, ease, plenty; and all ranks liberty."

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading About this period the dean had just published a pamphlet in his own name, and in which that of his friend the bishop was only mentioned with thanks for hints, observations, and condescending encouragement to the author.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading "Salubrious air, fertile fields, wood, water, corn, grass, sheep, oxen, fish, fowl, fruit, and vegetables," were dispersed with the most prodigal hand; "valiant men, virtuous women; statesmen wise and just; tradesmen abounding in merchandise and money; husbandmen possessing peace, ease, plenty; and all ranks liberty."

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading "Salubrious air, fertile fields, wood, water, corn, grass, sheep, oxen, fish, fowl, fruit, and vegetables," were dispersed with the most prodigal hand; "valiant men, virtuous women; statesmen wise and just; tradesmen abounding in merchandise and money; husbandmen possessing peace, ease, plenty; and all ranks liberty."

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading About this period the dean had just published a pamphlet in his own name, and in which that of his friend the bishop was only mentioned with thanks for hints, observations, and condescending encouragement to the author.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading This brilliant description, while the dean read the work to his family, so charmed poor Henry, that he repeatedly cried out, "I am glad I came to this country."

wiseadjectiveUS /waɪz/

having or prompted by wisdom or discernment

From this reading "Salubrious air, fertile fields, wood, water, corn, grass, sheep, oxen, fish, fowl, fruit, and vegetables," were dispersed with the most prodigal hand; "valiant men, virtuous women; statesmen wise and just; tradesmen abounding in merchandise and money; husbandmen possessing peace, ease, plenty; and all ranks liberty."

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading About this period the dean had just published a pamphlet in his own name, and in which that of his friend the bishop was only mentioned with thanks for hints, observations, and condescending encouragement to the author.

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading "Salubrious air, fertile fields, wood, water, corn, grass, sheep, oxen, fish, fowl, fruit, and vegetables," were dispersed with the most prodigal hand; "valiant men, virtuous women; statesmen wise and just; tradesmen abounding in merchandise and money; husbandmen possessing peace, ease, plenty; and all ranks liberty."

woodnounUS /wʊd/

the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees

From this reading "Salubrious air, fertile fields, wood, water, corn, grass, sheep, oxen, fish, fowl, fruit, and vegetables," were dispersed with the most prodigal hand; "valiant men, virtuous women; statesmen wise and just; tradesmen abounding in merchandise and money; husbandmen possessing peace, ease, plenty; and all ranks liberty."

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading This brilliant description, while the dean read the work to his family, so charmed poor Henry, that he repeatedly cried out, "I am glad I came to this country."

Chapter 14 of Nature and Art by Mrs. Inchbald holds 23 sentences, grouped into 5 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 14 of Nature and Art contain?

Chapter 14 holds 23 sentences of Nature and Art, unabridged, divided into 5 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 14 of Nature and Art by Mrs. Inchbald exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 23 sentences, grouped into 5 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 14 of Nature and Art?

Work through the 5 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 5 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 14 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 14 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Nature and Art

Common questions about reading Nature and Art by Mrs. Inchbald on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Nature and Art?

Yes. All 1542 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3787 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Nature and Art is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3787, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Nature and Art take to read?

About 128 minutes of reading across 309 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Nature and Art section by section

How to work through Nature and Art section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Nature and Art to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Nature and Art

Words and structures a reader meets early in Nature and Art, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Nobility
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature and Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Britain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature and Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Laureate
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature and Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Admirers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature and Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.