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Nature and Art
Nature and Art

Chapter XIX · Chapter 19

Chapter 19 of Nature and Art is here in full — 41 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/8 · 5 lines
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The dean's family passed this first summer at the new-purchased estate so pleasantly, that they left it with regret when winter called them to their house in town.
But if some felt concern in quitting the village of Anfield, others who were left behind felt the deepest anguish.
Those were not the poor--for rigid attention to the religion and morals of people in poverty, and total neglect of their bodily wants, was the dean's practice.
He forced them to attend church every Sabbath; but whether they had a dinner on their return was too gross and temporal an inquiry for his spiritual fervour.
Good of the soul was all he aimed at; and this pious undertaking, besides his diligence as a pastor, required all his exertion as a magistrate--for to be very poor and very honest, very oppressed yet very thankful, is a degree of sainted excellence not often to be attained, without the aid of zealous men to frighten into virtue.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Nature and Art

Chapter XIX · Chapter 19

Chapter 19 of Nature and Art is here in full — 41 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/8 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The dean's family passed this first summer at the new-purchased estate so pleasantly, that they left it with regret when winter called them to their house in town.
Line 2
But if some felt concern in quitting the village of Anfield, others who were left behind felt the deepest anguish.
Line 3
Those were not the poor--for rigid attention to the religion and morals of people in poverty, and total neglect of their bodily wants, was the dean's practice.
Line 4
He forced them to attend church every Sabbath; but whether they had a dinner on their return was too gross and temporal an inquiry for his spiritual fervour.
Line 5
Good of the soul was all he aimed at; and this pious undertaking, besides his diligence as a pastor, required all his exertion as a magistrate--for to be very poor and very honest, very oppressed yet very thankful, is a degree of sainted excellence not often to be attained, without the aid of zealous men to frighten into virtue.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

dean's noun US /diːnz/

possessive form of “dean” — an administrator in charge of a division of a university or college

From this reading “The dean's family passed this first summer at the new-purchased estate so pleasantly, that they left it with regret when winter called them to their house in town.”

diligence noun US /ˈdɪlədʒəns/

conscientiousness in paying proper attention to a task; giving the degree of care required in a given situation

From this reading “Good of the soul was all he aimed at; and this pious undertaking, besides his diligence as a pastor, required all his exertion as a magistrate--for to be very poor and very honest, very oppressed yet very thankful, is a degree of sainted excellence not often to be attained, without the aid of zealous men to frighten into virtue.”

pastor noun US /ˈpæstər/

a person authorized to conduct religious worship

From this reading “Good of the soul was all he aimed at; and this pious undertaking, besides his diligence as a pastor, required all his exertion as a magistrate--for to be very poor and very honest, very oppressed yet very thankful, is a degree of sainted excellence not often to be attained, without the aid of zealous men to frighten into virtue.”

quitting verb US /ˈkwɪtɪŋ/

inflected form of “quit” — put an end to a state or an activity

From this reading “But if some felt concern in quitting the village of Anfield, others who were left behind felt the deepest anguish.”

Sabbath noun US /ˈsæbəθ/

a day of rest and worship: Sunday for most Christians; Saturday for the Jews and a few Christians; Friday for Muslims

From this reading “He forced them to attend church every Sabbath; but whether they had a dinner on their return was too gross and temporal an inquiry for his spiritual fervour.”

sainted adjective US /ˈseɪntɪd/

marked by utter benignity; resembling or befitting an angel or saint

From this reading “Good of the soul was all he aimed at; and this pious undertaking, besides his diligence as a pastor, required all his exertion as a magistrate--for to be very poor and very honest, very oppressed yet very thankful, is a degree of sainted excellence not often to be attained, without the aid of zealous men to frighten into virtue.”

temporal adjective US /ˈtempərəl/

not eternal

From this reading “He forced them to attend church every Sabbath; but whether they had a dinner on their return was too gross and temporal an inquiry for his spiritual fervour.”

zealous adjective US /ˈzeləs/

marked by active interest and enthusiasm

From this reading “Good of the soul was all he aimed at; and this pious undertaking, besides his diligence as a pastor, required all his exertion as a magistrate--for to be very poor and very honest, very oppressed yet very thankful, is a degree of sainted excellence not often to be attained, without the aid of zealous men to frighten into virtue.”

All words in this reading · 111

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He forced them to attend church every Sabbath; but whether they had a dinner on their return was too gross and temporal an inquiry for his spiritual fervour.

aidnounUS /eɪd/

a person or thing that is a resource that helps make something easier or possible to do

From this reading Good of the soul was all he aimed at; and this pious undertaking, besides his diligence as a pastor, required all his exertion as a magistrate--for to be very poor and very honest, very oppressed yet very thankful, is a degree of sainted excellence not often to be attained, without the aid of zealous men to frighten into virtue.

aimedverbUS /eɪmd/

past form of “aim” — point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards

From this reading Good of the soul was all he aimed at; and this pious undertaking, besides his diligence as a pastor, required all his exertion as a magistrate--for to be very poor and very honest, very oppressed yet very thankful, is a degree of sainted excellence not often to be attained, without the aid of zealous men to frighten into virtue.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Good of the soul was all he aimed at; and this pious undertaking, besides his diligence as a pastor, required all his exertion as a magistrate--for to be very poor and very honest, very oppressed yet very thankful, is a degree of sainted excellence not often to be attained, without the aid of zealous men to frighten into virtue.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading He forced them to attend church every Sabbath; but whether they had a dinner on their return was too gross and temporal an inquiry for his spiritual fervour.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Those were not the poor--for rigid attention to the religion and morals of people in poverty, and total neglect of their bodily wants, was the dean's practice.

Anfield

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But if some felt concern in quitting the village of Anfield, others who were left behind felt the deepest anguish.

anguishnounUS /ˈæŋɡwɪʃ/

extreme mental distress

From this reading But if some felt concern in quitting the village of Anfield, others who were left behind felt the deepest anguish.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Good of the soul was all he aimed at; and this pious undertaking, besides his diligence as a pastor, required all his exertion as a magistrate--for to be very poor and very honest, very oppressed yet very thankful, is a degree of sainted excellence not often to be attained, without the aid of zealous men to frighten into virtue.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The dean's family passed this first summer at the new-purchased estate so pleasantly, that they left it with regret when winter called them to their house in town.

attainedadjectiveUS /əˈteɪnd/

achieved or reached

From this reading Good of the soul was all he aimed at; and this pious undertaking, besides his diligence as a pastor, required all his exertion as a magistrate--for to be very poor and very honest, very oppressed yet very thankful, is a degree of sainted excellence not often to be attained, without the aid of zealous men to frighten into virtue.

attendverbUS /əˈtend/

be present at (meetings, church services, university), etc.

From this reading He forced them to attend church every Sabbath; but whether they had a dinner on their return was too gross and temporal an inquiry for his spiritual fervour.

attentionnounUS /əˈtenʃən/

the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading Those were not the poor--for rigid attention to the religion and morals of people in poverty, and total neglect of their bodily wants, was the dean's practice.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Good of the soul was all he aimed at; and this pious undertaking, besides his diligence as a pastor, required all his exertion as a magistrate--for to be very poor and very honest, very oppressed yet very thankful, is a degree of sainted excellence not often to be attained, without the aid of zealous men to frighten into virtue.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading But if some felt concern in quitting the village of Anfield, others who were left behind felt the deepest anguish.

besidesprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪdz/

in addition to; as well as

From this reading Good of the soul was all he aimed at; and this pious undertaking, besides his diligence as a pastor, required all his exertion as a magistrate--for to be very poor and very honest, very oppressed yet very thankful, is a degree of sainted excellence not often to be attained, without the aid of zealous men to frighten into virtue.

bodilyadverbUS /ˈbɑːdəli/

in bodily form

From this reading Those were not the poor--for rigid attention to the religion and morals of people in poverty, and total neglect of their bodily wants, was the dean's practice.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But if some felt concern in quitting the village of Anfield, others who were left behind felt the deepest anguish.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The dean's family passed this first summer at the new-purchased estate so pleasantly, that they left it with regret when winter called them to their house in town.

churchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading He forced them to attend church every Sabbath; but whether they had a dinner on their return was too gross and temporal an inquiry for his spiritual fervour.

concernnounUS /kənˈsɜːrn/

something that interests you because it is important or affects you

From this reading But if some felt concern in quitting the village of Anfield, others who were left behind felt the deepest anguish.

dean'snounUS /diːnz/

possessive form of “dean” — an administrator in charge of a division of a university or college

From this reading The dean's family passed this first summer at the new-purchased estate so pleasantly, that they left it with regret when winter called them to their house in town.

deepestadjectiveUS /ˈdiːpəst/

superlative of “deep” — relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading But if some felt concern in quitting the village of Anfield, others who were left behind felt the deepest anguish.

degreenounUS /dɪˈɡriː/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading Good of the soul was all he aimed at; and this pious undertaking, besides his diligence as a pastor, required all his exertion as a magistrate--for to be very poor and very honest, very oppressed yet very thankful, is a degree of sainted excellence not often to be attained, without the aid of zealous men to frighten into virtue.

diligencenounUS /ˈdɪlədʒəns/

conscientiousness in paying proper attention to a task; giving the degree of care required in a given situation

From this reading Good of the soul was all he aimed at; and this pious undertaking, besides his diligence as a pastor, required all his exertion as a magistrate--for to be very poor and very honest, very oppressed yet very thankful, is a degree of sainted excellence not often to be attained, without the aid of zealous men to frighten into virtue.

dinnernounUS /ˈdɪnər/

the main meal of the day served in the evening or at midday

From this reading He forced them to attend church every Sabbath; but whether they had a dinner on their return was too gross and temporal an inquiry for his spiritual fervour.

estatenounUS /ɪˈsteɪt/

everything you own; all of your assets (whether real property or personal property) and liabilities

From this reading The dean's family passed this first summer at the new-purchased estate so pleasantly, that they left it with regret when winter called them to their house in town.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading He forced them to attend church every Sabbath; but whether they had a dinner on their return was too gross and temporal an inquiry for his spiritual fervour.

excellencenounUS /ˈeksələns/

the quality of excelling; possessing good qualities in high degree

From this reading Good of the soul was all he aimed at; and this pious undertaking, besides his diligence as a pastor, required all his exertion as a magistrate--for to be very poor and very honest, very oppressed yet very thankful, is a degree of sainted excellence not often to be attained, without the aid of zealous men to frighten into virtue.

exertionnounUS /ɪɡˈzɜːrʃən/

use of physical or mental energy; hard work

From this reading Good of the soul was all he aimed at; and this pious undertaking, besides his diligence as a pastor, required all his exertion as a magistrate--for to be very poor and very honest, very oppressed yet very thankful, is a degree of sainted excellence not often to be attained, without the aid of zealous men to frighten into virtue.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading The dean's family passed this first summer at the new-purchased estate so pleasantly, that they left it with regret when winter called them to their house in town.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading But if some felt concern in quitting the village of Anfield, others who were left behind felt the deepest anguish.

fervournoun

the state of being emotionally aroused and worked up

From this reading He forced them to attend church every Sabbath; but whether they had a dinner on their return was too gross and temporal an inquiry for his spiritual fervour.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The dean's family passed this first summer at the new-purchased estate so pleasantly, that they left it with regret when winter called them to their house in town.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Those were not the poor--for rigid attention to the religion and morals of people in poverty, and total neglect of their bodily wants, was the dean's practice.

forcedadjectiveUS /fɔːrst/

produced by or subjected to forcing

From this reading He forced them to attend church every Sabbath; but whether they had a dinner on their return was too gross and temporal an inquiry for his spiritual fervour.

frightenverbUS /ˈfraɪtən/

cause fear in

From this reading Good of the soul was all he aimed at; and this pious undertaking, besides his diligence as a pastor, required all his exertion as a magistrate--for to be very poor and very honest, very oppressed yet very thankful, is a degree of sainted excellence not often to be attained, without the aid of zealous men to frighten into virtue.

GoodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading Good of the soul was all he aimed at; and this pious undertaking, besides his diligence as a pastor, required all his exertion as a magistrate--for to be very poor and very honest, very oppressed yet very thankful, is a degree of sainted excellence not often to be attained, without the aid of zealous men to frighten into virtue.

grossadjectiveUS /ɡroʊs/

before any deductions

From this reading He forced them to attend church every Sabbath; but whether they had a dinner on their return was too gross and temporal an inquiry for his spiritual fervour.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He forced them to attend church every Sabbath; but whether they had a dinner on their return was too gross and temporal an inquiry for his spiritual fervour.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He forced them to attend church every Sabbath; but whether they had a dinner on their return was too gross and temporal an inquiry for his spiritual fervour.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He forced them to attend church every Sabbath; but whether they had a dinner on their return was too gross and temporal an inquiry for his spiritual fervour.

honestadjectiveUS /ˈɑːnəst/

not disposed to cheat or defraud; not deceptive or fraudulent

From this reading Good of the soul was all he aimed at; and this pious undertaking, besides his diligence as a pastor, required all his exertion as a magistrate--for to be very poor and very honest, very oppressed yet very thankful, is a degree of sainted excellence not often to be attained, without the aid of zealous men to frighten into virtue.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading The dean's family passed this first summer at the new-purchased estate so pleasantly, that they left it with regret when winter called them to their house in town.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading But if some felt concern in quitting the village of Anfield, others who were left behind felt the deepest anguish.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The dean's family passed this first summer at the new-purchased estate so pleasantly, that they left it with regret when winter called them to their house in town.

inquirynounUS /ˌɪnˈkwaɪriː/

a search for knowledge

From this reading He forced them to attend church every Sabbath; but whether they had a dinner on their return was too gross and temporal an inquiry for his spiritual fervour.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Good of the soul was all he aimed at; and this pious undertaking, besides his diligence as a pastor, required all his exertion as a magistrate--for to be very poor and very honest, very oppressed yet very thankful, is a degree of sainted excellence not often to be attained, without the aid of zealous men to frighten into virtue.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Good of the soul was all he aimed at; and this pious undertaking, besides his diligence as a pastor, required all his exertion as a magistrate--for to be very poor and very honest, very oppressed yet very thankful, is a degree of sainted excellence not often to be attained, without the aid of zealous men to frighten into virtue.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The dean's family passed this first summer at the new-purchased estate so pleasantly, that they left it with regret when winter called them to their house in town.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading The dean's family passed this first summer at the new-purchased estate so pleasantly, that they left it with regret when winter called them to their house in town.

magistratenounUS /ˈmædʒəstreɪt/

a lay judge or civil authority who administers the law (especially one who conducts a court dealing with minor offenses)

From this reading Good of the soul was all he aimed at; and this pious undertaking, besides his diligence as a pastor, required all his exertion as a magistrate--for to be very poor and very honest, very oppressed yet very thankful, is a degree of sainted excellence not often to be attained, without the aid of zealous men to frighten into virtue.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Good of the soul was all he aimed at; and this pious undertaking, besides his diligence as a pastor, required all his exertion as a magistrate--for to be very poor and very honest, very oppressed yet very thankful, is a degree of sainted excellence not often to be attained, without the aid of zealous men to frighten into virtue.

moralsnounUS /ˈmɔːrəlz/

motivation based on ideas of right and wrong

From this reading Those were not the poor--for rigid attention to the religion and morals of people in poverty, and total neglect of their bodily wants, was the dean's practice.

neglectverbUS /nəˈɡlekt/

leave undone or leave out

From this reading Those were not the poor--for rigid attention to the religion and morals of people in poverty, and total neglect of their bodily wants, was the dean's practice.

new-purchased

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The dean's family passed this first summer at the new-purchased estate so pleasantly, that they left it with regret when winter called them to their house in town.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Those were not the poor--for rigid attention to the religion and morals of people in poverty, and total neglect of their bodily wants, was the dean's practice.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading But if some felt concern in quitting the village of Anfield, others who were left behind felt the deepest anguish.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading Good of the soul was all he aimed at; and this pious undertaking, besides his diligence as a pastor, required all his exertion as a magistrate--for to be very poor and very honest, very oppressed yet very thankful, is a degree of sainted excellence not often to be attained, without the aid of zealous men to frighten into virtue.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading He forced them to attend church every Sabbath; but whether they had a dinner on their return was too gross and temporal an inquiry for his spiritual fervour.

oppressedadjectiveUS /əˈprest/

burdened psychologically or mentally

From this reading Good of the soul was all he aimed at; and this pious undertaking, besides his diligence as a pastor, required all his exertion as a magistrate--for to be very poor and very honest, very oppressed yet very thankful, is a degree of sainted excellence not often to be attained, without the aid of zealous men to frighten into virtue.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But if some felt concern in quitting the village of Anfield, others who were left behind felt the deepest anguish.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading The dean's family passed this first summer at the new-purchased estate so pleasantly, that they left it with regret when winter called them to their house in town.

pastornounUS /ˈpæstər/

a person authorized to conduct religious worship

From this reading Good of the soul was all he aimed at; and this pious undertaking, besides his diligence as a pastor, required all his exertion as a magistrate--for to be very poor and very honest, very oppressed yet very thankful, is a degree of sainted excellence not often to be attained, without the aid of zealous men to frighten into virtue.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading Those were not the poor--for rigid attention to the religion and morals of people in poverty, and total neglect of their bodily wants, was the dean's practice.

piousadjectiveUS /ˈpaɪəs/

having or showing or expressing reverence for a deity

From this reading Good of the soul was all he aimed at; and this pious undertaking, besides his diligence as a pastor, required all his exertion as a magistrate--for to be very poor and very honest, very oppressed yet very thankful, is a degree of sainted excellence not often to be attained, without the aid of zealous men to frighten into virtue.

pleasantlyadverbUS /ˈplezəntli/

in a cheerful manner

From this reading The dean's family passed this first summer at the new-purchased estate so pleasantly, that they left it with regret when winter called them to their house in town.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading Those were not the poor--for rigid attention to the religion and morals of people in poverty, and total neglect of their bodily wants, was the dean's practice.

povertynounUS /ˈpɑːvərti/

the state of having little or no money and few or no material possessions

From this reading Those were not the poor--for rigid attention to the religion and morals of people in poverty, and total neglect of their bodily wants, was the dean's practice.

practicenounUS /ˈpræktəs/

a customary way of operation or behavior

From this reading Those were not the poor--for rigid attention to the religion and morals of people in poverty, and total neglect of their bodily wants, was the dean's practice.

quittingverbUS /ˈkwɪtɪŋ/

inflected form of “quit” — put an end to a state or an activity

From this reading But if some felt concern in quitting the village of Anfield, others who were left behind felt the deepest anguish.

regretverbUS /rəˈɡret/

feel remorse for; feel sorry for; be contrite about

From this reading The dean's family passed this first summer at the new-purchased estate so pleasantly, that they left it with regret when winter called them to their house in town.

religionnounUS /rɪˈlɪdʒən/

a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

From this reading Those were not the poor--for rigid attention to the religion and morals of people in poverty, and total neglect of their bodily wants, was the dean's practice.

requiredadjectiveUS /riˈkwaɪərd/

necessary for relief or supply

From this reading Good of the soul was all he aimed at; and this pious undertaking, besides his diligence as a pastor, required all his exertion as a magistrate--for to be very poor and very honest, very oppressed yet very thankful, is a degree of sainted excellence not often to be attained, without the aid of zealous men to frighten into virtue.

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading He forced them to attend church every Sabbath; but whether they had a dinner on their return was too gross and temporal an inquiry for his spiritual fervour.

rigidadjectiveUS /ˈrɪdʒəd/

incapable of or resistant to bending

From this reading Those were not the poor--for rigid attention to the religion and morals of people in poverty, and total neglect of their bodily wants, was the dean's practice.

SabbathnounUS /ˈsæbəθ/

a day of rest and worship: Sunday for most Christians; Saturday for the Jews and a few Christians; Friday for Muslims

From this reading He forced them to attend church every Sabbath; but whether they had a dinner on their return was too gross and temporal an inquiry for his spiritual fervour.

saintedadjectiveUS /ˈseɪntɪd/

marked by utter benignity; resembling or befitting an angel or saint

From this reading Good of the soul was all he aimed at; and this pious undertaking, besides his diligence as a pastor, required all his exertion as a magistrate--for to be very poor and very honest, very oppressed yet very thankful, is a degree of sainted excellence not often to be attained, without the aid of zealous men to frighten into virtue.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The dean's family passed this first summer at the new-purchased estate so pleasantly, that they left it with regret when winter called them to their house in town.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading But if some felt concern in quitting the village of Anfield, others who were left behind felt the deepest anguish.

soulnounUS /soʊl/

the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading Good of the soul was all he aimed at; and this pious undertaking, besides his diligence as a pastor, required all his exertion as a magistrate--for to be very poor and very honest, very oppressed yet very thankful, is a degree of sainted excellence not often to be attained, without the aid of zealous men to frighten into virtue.

spiritualadjectiveUS /ˈspɪrɪtʃuːəl/

concerned with sacred matters or religion or the church

From this reading He forced them to attend church every Sabbath; but whether they had a dinner on their return was too gross and temporal an inquiry for his spiritual fervour.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading The dean's family passed this first summer at the new-purchased estate so pleasantly, that they left it with regret when winter called them to their house in town.

temporaladjectiveUS /ˈtempərəl/

not eternal

From this reading He forced them to attend church every Sabbath; but whether they had a dinner on their return was too gross and temporal an inquiry for his spiritual fervour.

thankfuladjectiveUS /ˈθæŋkfəl/

feeling or showing gratitude

From this reading Good of the soul was all he aimed at; and this pious undertaking, besides his diligence as a pastor, required all his exertion as a magistrate--for to be very poor and very honest, very oppressed yet very thankful, is a degree of sainted excellence not often to be attained, without the aid of zealous men to frighten into virtue.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The dean's family passed this first summer at the new-purchased estate so pleasantly, that they left it with regret when winter called them to their house in town.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The dean's family passed this first summer at the new-purchased estate so pleasantly, that they left it with regret when winter called them to their house in town.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The dean's family passed this first summer at the new-purchased estate so pleasantly, that they left it with regret when winter called them to their house in town.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The dean's family passed this first summer at the new-purchased estate so pleasantly, that they left it with regret when winter called them to their house in town.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The dean's family passed this first summer at the new-purchased estate so pleasantly, that they left it with regret when winter called them to their house in town.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The dean's family passed this first summer at the new-purchased estate so pleasantly, that they left it with regret when winter called them to their house in town.

ThosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Those were not the poor--for rigid attention to the religion and morals of people in poverty, and total neglect of their bodily wants, was the dean's practice.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The dean's family passed this first summer at the new-purchased estate so pleasantly, that they left it with regret when winter called them to their house in town.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading He forced them to attend church every Sabbath; but whether they had a dinner on their return was too gross and temporal an inquiry for his spiritual fervour.

totalverbUS /ˈtoʊtəl/

add up in number or quantity

From this reading Those were not the poor--for rigid attention to the religion and morals of people in poverty, and total neglect of their bodily wants, was the dean's practice.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading The dean's family passed this first summer at the new-purchased estate so pleasantly, that they left it with regret when winter called them to their house in town.

undertakingnounUS /ˈʌndərteɪkɪŋ/

any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading Good of the soul was all he aimed at; and this pious undertaking, besides his diligence as a pastor, required all his exertion as a magistrate--for to be very poor and very honest, very oppressed yet very thankful, is a degree of sainted excellence not often to be attained, without the aid of zealous men to frighten into virtue.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Good of the soul was all he aimed at; and this pious undertaking, besides his diligence as a pastor, required all his exertion as a magistrate--for to be very poor and very honest, very oppressed yet very thankful, is a degree of sainted excellence not often to be attained, without the aid of zealous men to frighten into virtue.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading But if some felt concern in quitting the village of Anfield, others who were left behind felt the deepest anguish.

virtuenounUS /ˈvɝː.tʃuː/

Moral excellence and goodness of character; the highest human attainment in Stoic philosophy.

From this reading Good of the soul was all he aimed at; and this pious undertaking, besides his diligence as a pastor, required all his exertion as a magistrate--for to be very poor and very honest, very oppressed yet very thankful, is a degree of sainted excellence not often to be attained, without the aid of zealous men to frighten into virtue.

wantsnounUS /wɑːnts/

plural of “want” — a state of extreme poverty

From this reading Those were not the poor--for rigid attention to the religion and morals of people in poverty, and total neglect of their bodily wants, was the dean's practice.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Those were not the poor--for rigid attention to the religion and morals of people in poverty, and total neglect of their bodily wants, was the dean's practice.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading But if some felt concern in quitting the village of Anfield, others who were left behind felt the deepest anguish.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The dean's family passed this first summer at the new-purchased estate so pleasantly, that they left it with regret when winter called them to their house in town.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading He forced them to attend church every Sabbath; but whether they had a dinner on their return was too gross and temporal an inquiry for his spiritual fervour.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading But if some felt concern in quitting the village of Anfield, others who were left behind felt the deepest anguish.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading The dean's family passed this first summer at the new-purchased estate so pleasantly, that they left it with regret when winter called them to their house in town.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The dean's family passed this first summer at the new-purchased estate so pleasantly, that they left it with regret when winter called them to their house in town.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Good of the soul was all he aimed at; and this pious undertaking, besides his diligence as a pastor, required all his exertion as a magistrate--for to be very poor and very honest, very oppressed yet very thankful, is a degree of sainted excellence not often to be attained, without the aid of zealous men to frighten into virtue.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Good of the soul was all he aimed at; and this pious undertaking, besides his diligence as a pastor, required all his exertion as a magistrate--for to be very poor and very honest, very oppressed yet very thankful, is a degree of sainted excellence not often to be attained, without the aid of zealous men to frighten into virtue.

zealousadjectiveUS /ˈzeləs/

marked by active interest and enthusiasm

From this reading Good of the soul was all he aimed at; and this pious undertaking, besides his diligence as a pastor, required all his exertion as a magistrate--for to be very poor and very honest, very oppressed yet very thankful, is a degree of sainted excellence not often to be attained, without the aid of zealous men to frighten into virtue.

Chapter 19 of Nature and Art by Mrs. Inchbald holds 41 sentences, grouped into 9 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 19 of Nature and Art contain?

Chapter 19 holds 41 sentences of Nature and Art, unabridged, divided into 9 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 19 of Nature and Art by Mrs. Inchbald exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 41 sentences, grouped into 9 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 19 of Nature and Art?

Work through the 9 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 9 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 19 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Nature and Art

Common questions about reading Nature and Art by Mrs. Inchbald on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Nature and Art?

Yes. All 1542 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3787 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Nature and Art is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3787, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Nature and Art take to read?

About 128 minutes of reading across 309 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Nature and Art section by section

How to work through Nature and Art section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Nature and Art

Words and structures a reader meets early in Nature and Art, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Nobility
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature and Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Britain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature and Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Laureate
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature and Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Admirers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Nature and Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.